<h1 class="pgc-h-arrow-right" > 1721 frontier obedience</h1>
Russia attempted to bring the Dzungars to their knees. In July of the sixtieth year of the Kangxi Dynasty (1721), the Dzungars sent envoys to St. Petersburg, Russia, with letters. At that time, the imperial army advanced into the Dzungars. In his letter, Tserry Alabutan suggested that if Russia and Dzungar had entered into a defensive alliance against the Chinese court, the Dzungar Ministry would allow Russian "prospectors" to cross the border freely. Russia then sent envoys to Dzungar to exchange them with the Tsarist letter to Alabutan, which read: If Dzungar submits to Russia, Russia may negotiate with the Chinese court or make military demonstrations; Dzungar should allow Russia to find minerals and cede territory so that Russia can establish fortresses and protect prospecting. When the news of the Dzungar emissaries going to Russia reached Beijing, Qing government officials protested to Lange, the Russian deputy envoy who remained in Beijing. Later, due to changes in the situation, Russia's attempt to submit to the Dzungars failed to materialize.
The Qing government established the system of garrisoning troops in Taiwan. On the fifth day of october in the sixtieth year of the Kangxi Dynasty (1721), the governor of Fujian and Zhejiang, Man Bao, and others neglected to say: Taiwan and other three counties are vastly separated from each other, and they are separated by heavy oceans, and the flood prevention quota is inevitably thin, so please increase the number of soldiers. The Kangxi Emperor instructed the university scholars and others: The governor, inspector, and admiral of Fujian all asked Taiwan to increase troops, and it was useless to increase the number of troops. There are 2,000 deputy generals in the taiwan local marine division battalion, and 2,000 deputy generals in the land battalion. If the water division has something to do, the land road can take care of it, and if there is a problem on the land road, the water division can also take care of it. Taiwan's commander-in-chief was moved to Penghu, and 2,000 troops were stationed, giving them jurisdiction, which was beneficial. The soldiers stationed in taiwan must not be replenished by the Taiwanese, but the inlanders must be replenished, and the wives of the soldiers do not have to be brought to them, and they are replaced every three years. Every year, a member of the Imperial History is sent from Beijing to Taiwan for inspection. This imperial history walks back and forth, and all the information on the other side can be heard quickly. Whoever has a matter of order can also be played, and those who are elsewhere are afraid, and as for local affairs, the imperial history does not have to manage it. The Kangxi Emperor ordered this to be transmitted to Jiuqing.
The Qing government first garrisoned troops in Tibet. In the sixtieth year of the Kangxi Dynasty (1721), after the second victory of the Qing government in Tibet, it decided to strengthen its administrative measures in Tibet. On February 28, the Fuyuan general Yun Yu said that although Tibet had been pacified, the garrison was particularly important. He reported on the situation of the Qing army in Tibet and local officials in Tibet. Therefore, the Qing government decided to send Manchurian, Mongolian, and Green Banner soldiers, a total of 4,000 troops stationed in Tibet, and the general Li Dingxi was arranged by the public strategy, and the general Li Dingxi was in charge of the military affairs of the General Ofe, who was stationed in Mao, and the Ezhu Abao, and all of whom were under the command of Wu Geju. This was the beginning of the Qing government's garrison in Tibet. In addition, because the Diba Albuba in the Khlongbu area was the first to be annexed and taken Tibet together with the Qing army, the Diba Kangji Nai in the Ali region intercepted the Dzungar army's circuit and was awarded the title of a shell, and Longbu Nai personally submitted to the Qing government and was awarded the title of Auxiliary Duke. The Qing government decided to take four people, Albuba, Kangji Nai, Longbu Nai, and the Dalai Lama's chief official, Zar Nai, as Kabulun (meaning government officials), to jointly take charge of the government, with Kang Ji Nai as the chief Kaburun, and establish the local government of Tibet. Local government officials in Tibet were appointed by the central government of the Qing Dynasty, which not only eliminated the influence of the Heshuo Mongol Khan in Tibet, but also changed the situation in which the Dipa alone occupied power and strengthened the direct administration of Tibet. After recruiting Litang and Batang, the Qing government accepted the advice of the governor of Sichuan, Nian Qianyao, and assigned Litang and Batang to Sichuan Province, which was under the jurisdiction of Sichuan. The Qing government also set up post stations along the route from the Arrow Furnace to Lhasa to bring Tibet closer to the interior. As early as the forty-eighth year of the Kangxi Dynasty (1709), the Qing government sent the attendant Heshou to Tibet to coordinate the affairs of the then Lhasa Khan, which became the beginning of the Qing government's direct dispatch of officials to Tibet, and later developed into the system of ministers stationed in Tibet. The above measures taken in the middle and late Kangxi Dynasty strengthened the Qing government's administration in Tibet.
<h1 class="pgc-h-arrow-right" > 1661 Zheng successfully recovered Taiwan</h1>
In March 1661 (the eighteenth year of Shunzhi of the Qing Dynasty and the fifteenth year of the Southern Ming Yong Calendar), Zheng Chenggong personally led 25,000 soldiers and generals, divided into 100 warships, and set out from Kinmen. They braved the wind and waves, crossed the Taiwan Strait, and rested in Penghu for a few days to prepare to take Taiwan directly. When the Dutch invading army heard that Zheng Chenggong was going to attack Taiwan, they were very frightened. They concentrated their troops in two castles in Taiwan (present-day Dongping, Taiwan) and Chichi (present-day Tainan), and also sunk ships in the harbor to prevent Zheng Chenggong's fleet from landing. Zheng Jun took advantage of the rising tide of the sea to sail the fleet into the Luermen Inland Sea, and the main force landed from Heliao Port, attacked Chijian City from the flank, and cut off contact with Taiwan City. During the battle, the invading army attacked with the battleship "Hector", and Zheng Chenggong gave an order to tightly surround the enemy army, and more than 60 warships fired cannons at the same time, sinking the "Hector". At the same time, reinforcements from Taiwan City were defeated. The Dutch army surrendered to the Zheng army when the water source was cut off and foreign aid was hopeless. The invading army occupying Taiwan City tried to resist stubbornly, and Zheng Successfully built an earthen platform around the city, besieged the enemy army for 8 months, and ordered a strong attack on Taiwan City.
At this point, Zheng successfully recovered Taiwan, a Chinese territory that had fallen for 38 years, from the Dutch invaders. The war ended the Dutch East India Company's operations in Taiwan and ushered in the ming regime's rule over Taiwan.
<h1 class="pgc-h-arrow-right" > 1601 Year OfsaRian Anti-Tax Uprising</h1>
In 1601, the Mingshen Sect sent the tax inspector Sun Long to Suzhou to collect taxes, and as soon as Sun Long arrived in Suzhou, he colluded with the local local thugs to set up checkpoints throughout the city of Suzhou, and all the satin cloth entered and exited the checkpoints were subject to heavy taxes. Merchants could not pay taxes, so they did not dare to go into the city to do business. This year, it happened to be rainy for two consecutive months, and There was a flood in Suzhou, the mulberry fields were flooded, and the machine households stopped working. Sun Long and his gang also had to collect taxes from the machine households, stipulating that each loom would collect three dollars in taxes and five cents for each silk horse, which forced many machine households to close down and the mechanics to lose their jobs.
One day, the weaver Ge Xian (also known as Ge Cheng) passed by The Gate and saw Sun Long's men with several tax sticks, surrounding a farmer selling melons and beating them. When Ge Xian inquired, he learned that when the melon farmer picked melons and went into the city, the tax stick forced him to pay taxes, and when he could not pay it, he robbed his melon; when the melon farmer sold the melon and bought rice and went out of the city, the tax stick robbed him of the rice top tax silver. If the melon farmers did not agree, they were beaten with tax sticks.
Ge Xian's oppressive exploitation of the tax inspector on weekdays was full of anger, and seeing this situation could not bear it any longer, he waved the banana fan in his hand and shouted loudly to beat the bad guys. The crowd on the side of the road echoed and rushed to the Gate Tax Card like a tidal wave. It was too late for Huang Jianjie to escape. The crowd surrounded him and picked up rocks and tiles and threw them at Huang Jianjie. This evil villain was beaten to the head and bloodied by the rocks, and lost his life.
At this time, the masses gathered more and more, and the feelings of resistance also boiled over. Ge Xian saw that the group had killed Huang Jianjie, and knowing that things were going wrong, he went to the Xuanmiao Temple with the masses to discuss it. Everyone did not do one, two did not stop, elected Ge Xian and more than twenty other people as the leader, and found the tax supervisor Sun Long to settle the account. Ge Xian and the others found the homes of the twelve tax sticks, lit a fire, and burned all their homes; the other way the masses came to the Suzhou TaxAtion Supervision Gate and arrested Sun Long. For a moment, the shouts shook the earth, and Sun Long was so frightened that he was overwhelmed, climbed out of the back wall, and fled to Hangzhou.
After Sun Long escaped from Suzhou, the prefect of Suzhou ordered the arrest of those who participated in the riot. When Ge Xian got this news, he was afraid of upsetting everyone, so he ran to the Suzhou Government Yamen and said, "I am the one who takes the lead, and if I want to kill, I will stand up to it, and I will not implicate others." The prefect was worried about the person who could not be arrested in this case, and when he saw Ge Xian stand up and surrender, he put him in prison.
On the day Ge Xian went to prison, thousands of Suzhou citizens sent him off with tears in their eyes. Ge Xian went to prison, and thousands of people came to comfort him with wine, food, and clothes. Ge Xian repeatedly refused to accept it, but everyone still refused to bring it back, so Ge Xian distributed the wine and food that everyone was consoling to the prisoners in prison.
When the Ming rulers saw this, they did not dare to kill Ge Xian. Ge Xian spent two years in prison and was finally released.
<h1 class="pgc-h-arrow-right" > 1541 h-ugly year</h1>
This year was the twenty years of Jiajing, and apart from the death of the empress dowager, nothing major had happened.
<h1 class="pgc-h-arrow-right" > 1481 Xin Ugly Year Daming Wei Vietnam</h1>
In the seventeenth year of Emperor MyeongSeong's reign (1481), King Le Hao of Annam (present-day Vietnam) led an army of 90,000 and attacked Laos in three ways, killing Laos and his sons. The Jizi of Daoban Ya was afraid that Yasai would avoid the Military and Civilian Propaganda envoys of 800 Dadian (present-day eastern Burma). Mu Chun, the Duke of Qianguo who was guarding Yunnan, was ordered to fear that Yasai would attack his father's office and exempt him from tribute for one year. Annam occupied Laos, and then sent heavy troops to attack eight hundred, just in time to encounter lightning strikes, thousands of soldiers and soldiers died, eight hundred Xuan consolation made the knife lanna sent troops to strangle his way back, attacked and killed more than 10,000 people, Andan was defeated. In June of the same year, the Envoy of Annam Tribute was returned, and Emperor Xianzong was a deep reflection on Li Hao and returned the invaded land.
<h1 class="pgc-h-arrow-right" > 1421 ugly year</h1>
Zheng He sent a sixth mission to the West. On the twenty-fifth day of the first month of the nineteenth year of Yongle (1421), sixteen kingdoms, including Kurumus, Adam, Zufar, Lashi, Bulawa, Mujudushu, Guri, Kezhi, Gayile, Ceylon Mountain, Chushan Mountain, Mu Boli, Sumatra, Aru, Manrak, and Gambari, sent envoys to pay tribute to horses and fangwu, and Chengzu ordered the ceremonial department to set up a feast to comfort the labor. On the thirtieth day, the envoys of the Sixteen Kingdoms returned to China, gave them banknotes, and sent the eunuch Zheng He to lead Kong He buhua, Tang Guanbao, Yang Qing, Hong Bao, Li Kai, Yang Min, Zhou Man, and others to send the envoys of the Sixteen Kingdoms back to China, and brought with them the edict of Chengzu and the brocade silk and silk that rewarded the kings. In order to catch the monsoon, Zheng He and his party hurriedly set off after receiving the order, so that some of the envoys of the Sixteen Kingdoms could not set off with Zheng He because they could not catch up. In this way, the second group of envoys who set off for the journey ordered Hong Bao and others to escort them back on October 16 of that year, taking advantage of the beginning of the winter monsoon, and Zheng He was still responsible for rewarding the countries according to the custom. Like previous voyages, Zheng He's fleet first went to Champa City, sent a fleet of ships to send Siamese envoys back to China, led a large (Zhouzong) treasure ship to sail south, through the Strait of Malacca, sent Manrak, Aru, and Sumatara envoys back to China, sent the eunuch Li Xing to lead a fleet of ships to the west, and he and Yang Min and Li Kai sailed north to Pangla (present-day Bangladesh), and then went south around the Indian Peninsula to Guri and sailed directly to Zufa'er. After visiting Zufar's Southern Airlines, he visited Africa's wooden bones and bu lava, and then turned the rudder back to China in August of the twentieth year of Yongle (1422). Zheng He's envoy this time, while escorting the envoys of the Sixteen Kingdoms back to China, made friendly visits to the countries and regions he passed along the way. One of the more important events was the procurement of treasures in the Kingdom of Adam. The kingdom of Adan is Aden in today's Republic of Yemen. Because of its popular south sea mouth, it is an important international trade port in ancient West Asia, which can be reached from the west of Guri and can be reached by the wind for 22 days and nights. Adan has a pleasant climate and fertile land, which is not only suitable for the growth of a variety of agricultural and sideline products, but also conducive to the reproduction of various rare animals and animals, so its material resources are extremely rich. Moreover, its handicrafts and commerce were also more developed. A branch of Zheng He's mission, under the leadership of the eunuch Zhou Mou, went to the Kingdom of Adam to read edicts to its king and large and small leaders, and after rewarding them, they carried out trading activities. King Adam ordered his countrymen to trade with the Chinese fleet without restriction as a sign of solidarity. The items purchased by the Chinese fleet are: large opals weighing about two dollars, various exotic treasures such as Yagu, large pearls, several coral trees two feet high, five cabinets of coral branches, gold perks, rose dew, unicorns, lions, flower deer (that is, zebras), golden leopards, camels, white doves, etc. In addition, Zheng He's fleet reached Zufar on the southeast coast of the Arabian Peninsula and read the edict to his king for the first time. With the further strengthening of friendly relations between the two countries, with the help of the king and leader of the Zufar kingdom, Zheng He's fleet carried out a very extensive trade activity with the Zufar people, which enhanced mutual understanding.
Chengzu's Third Northern Expedition. At first, Arutai was defeated by The Wallachim and was in a difficult situation, so he led his wife and widow tribe to the south and survived outside the country. He also submitted to the Ming Dynasty and sent envoys to pay tribute. Chengzu accepted his tribute and made Arutai the King of Hening, and his mother and wife were all wives, still living in the north of the desert. Arutai was grateful to Ender, sent tribute many times, and sent his son into the dynasty. Arutai recuperated outside the cyprus, his wealth grew rich, and his heart of betrayal sprouted. As a result, the emissaries of the imperial court were either insulted arbitrarily or forcibly detained. And their tribute emissaries often rob along the road after returning. On March 18, 1422, the twentieth year of Yongle (1422), they attacked xingxing and killed the defenders. Therefore, Chengzu personally conquered Arutai on March 20, 1422, the twentieth year of Yongle. On March 21, the army set out from Beijing, and on the twenty-fourth day, the Ming army was stationed at Jiming Mountain. At this time, the enemy who reported attacking Xinghe fled, and the generals asked for a pursuit, but Cheng Zu was not allowed to say: The thief has no other plan, and the pursuit is futile. The Ming army took the road to Kaiping, passed through Yingchang, took advantage of its lack of preparation, and directly pounded its old nest. On April 1, the Ming army reached Longmen, and the defenders reported that the thieves had just escaped, leaving more than 2,000 horses at The Horse Ridge, and Wang Li was ordered to collect them. On April 29, Cheng Zu held a military parade in Yunzhou. On May 10, Cheng Zu ordered Guo Liang, the general of The Guards of Sui Ning, to say: When the thieves come, do not fight, hold their city firmly, and wait for the arrival of the army. On the twelfth day, Cheng Zu shot and personally composed the three songs of "Ping yu" for the soldiers to sing to boost morale. On the seventeenth day, the Ming army set out from the West Pavilion and camped in Min'an. The ministers lived in the camp, and the five armies were stationed outside the camp, and left and right sentries were built, and left and right guards were generally guarded by their battalions. The infantry is inside, the cavalry is outside, and the Divine Machine Battalion is outside. There was a long wall outside the camp, twelve miles long around it, and the army was not allowed to cut firewood and graze cattle out of this range. On the twenty-first day, zhu Rong, the forward governor of zuodu, led a sentry to ride five thousand people forward, and the rest returned to the camp, and did not fight lightly in the face of the enemy, and quickly returned. On July 4, the troops marched to kill Hu Yuan. Zhu Rong led an army to capture the thieves' subordinates. According to them, Arutai was very frightened when he heard that the Ming army was on the march, so he threw his horse in the Kulen Sea, and Cheng Zu summoned Zhu Rong and others to return to the army. Asked, sure enough, so decided to collect troops.
<h1 class="pgc-h-arrow-right" > 1361 h-ugly year</h1>
This year is the twenty-first year of the Yuan Dynasty, the seventh year of Han Lin'er Longfeng, the second year of Chen Youyi Dading, and the peasant rebel army and the Yuan army are in many ways. In this year, Zhu Yuanzhang occupied Chizhou, Jiangzhou, and Sizhou, and marched west to Chen Youyu, and was made the Duke of Wu by Han Lin'er, the King of Xiaoming.
to be continued.