Xu Xingke and Huang Jigang

The famous bibliophile Xu Xingke and his son Xu Xiaomi.

In the early spring of the summer of 1987, Mr. Li Gefei, a professional teacher, was hospitalized due to illness, and I went to visit, and Mr. Li was very happy. Before he could say hello, he took a book from his pillow and gave it to me. He sat up and asked me to take the seal from the bedside table drawer and said, "I don't have the strength, you cover it yourself." "I took over the book, it was "Huang Kan Hand Approving Erya's Correct Name." The gentleman said: "I wrote the trek, you criticize. Before I had time to seal it, I first read the sayings, Sir: "Mr. Wang Yunshi wrote "Erya's Correct Name", Mr. Huang Jigang read it, his hand was recognized, and he commented on his gains and losses, and Mr. Zhang Taiyan personally wrote the preface. This book, which was once published in the magazine "Making Words", has not many books in existence. Today, Mr. Xu Xiaomi, deputy director of Hubei Provincial Library, has donated a treasured yellow batch manuscript, commissioned by Wuhan University Press to officially publish it, and widely circulated it for the benefit of readers, which is a righteous act. Next, the academic value and research methods of this hand-batch are discussed in detail, but at the end of the article, "After learning Li Gefei and Xu Xiaomi Zhenbao". I laughed and "criticized" Mr. Qi: "The trek you wrote began by commending Mr. Xu's 'righteous deeds', and at the end of it, I signed with Mr. Xu, is this your praise, or is it Mr. Xu's self-praise?" The gentleman also smiled heartily: "I didn't notice this layer at that time." Mr. Xu's dedication of the treasured manuscript is, of course, a righteous act. What I said was discussed with Mr. Xu and should also be signed. ”

I asked, "How can Mr. Ji Gang's manuscript be treasured by Mr. Xu?" The gentleman said: "Mr. Xiao Mi's honorable son Xu Shu Xu Xingke (1890-1959) befriended Mr. Ji Gang and often lent him books. The author of the batch is of course Mr. Ji Gang, but the owner of the book is Mr. Xingke. I was still a little confused: "Since it is Mr. Xingke's treasure, how can this book be stamped with the seal of 'Hubei Provincial Library Collection'?" The gentleman said, "It seems that you don't know Xu Xingke's predecessors yet." He was a bibliophile, but he turned private into public. I'll write you a letter of introduction, and you'll see Mr. Filial Piety when you go. Then he solemnly said to me: "What is the status of Mr. Ji Gang in the academic community, Mr. Xingke is the same position in the field of book collection." It was a thunderous remark. Later, when I heard Mr. Xu Xiaomi briefly talk about the quantity, quality and process of Xu's books, I was very surprised by the rare books that were rich in enemy stone canals and extremely valuable, so they were so righteous and easily dedicated to the public. Mr. Xiaomi's relaxed tone and his relieved smile left a deep impression on me. Since then, whenever I hear or read about Mr. Takami, I will pay special attention to and be in awe.

Mr. Huang Jigang and his teacher Zhang Taiyan were the dianjun of the Qing Dynasty primary school, and the world called the academic school pioneered by their teachers and disciples the "Zhanghuang School", which has been influenced endlessly to this day. Mr. Ji Gang is very knowledgeable and well-read. However, he was young and lonely, running for revolution when he was young, living in exile in a foreign land, and then fading out of politics and focusing on learning. He naturally also has books, but he has repeatedly "hurt the poor". He wrote a poem in the "Bibliography book of the inscription": "Zhi Gui should be recorded as a day, and the Zhao people will never forget the time of anger." Ten years only received 30,000 volumes, what year is exempt from borrowing books? He had to gather "thirty thousand volumes", which was still a matter of relative stability in his later life. Previously, he relied more on borrowing books, and the most book lent to him was Mr. Xu Xingke. This can be fully proved by the remaining diary of Mr. Ji Gang.

Mr. Ji Gang's existing diary does not record his engagement with Mr. Xingke, but Mr. Ji Gang's "Xu Mother Wei's Sixtieth Birthday Dedication Text" says: "When he was young, Kan Zijing also taught Wuchang, and he had to hand over xu Xingke's family. "It was 1919, Mr. Ji Gang was 34 years old, and Mr. Xingke was 29 years old. Mr. Ji Gang said in the article that he and Mr. Xingke "have books or not, and communicate with each other." Immersion in the subtleties of scholarship, the sharpness of commercial articles, such as Xiang Siying, Reckless Yu Tong", praise "only I can do it, the family is rich in books, and buy and read." Cover from the words of the exhortation, the triviality of the system of famous objects, the subtlety of calligraphy and painting carving, all of them are well-known, but also humble and dense, gentle and close to people, with a wide voice, all of them are well-known scholars in the world, those who have passed through Wuchang, who can look at what they have hidden, whose reputation is rising, whose years are not yet satisfied, and who are sincere and precious." Mr. Xingke's family lineage, collection, character, and knowledge are known. On November 12, 1921, Mr. Ji Gang resigned from his teaching position at Shanxi University and returned to Wuchang, and on that day, the diary recorded that "Xu Xing can come, but he has not seen". In the past few years since then, although the two sages have occasionally not seen each other and visited things that are not worthwhile, they will see each other on three or two days, and they will continue to read in books. Regarding the book, they exchanged information, but more often Than not, Mr. Xingke lent books to Mr. Ji Gang. Observe the calligraphy of Mr. Ji Gang's diary, slightly the following categories (only take the 1922 diary as an example):

1. Show. stay. That is, Mr. Xingke took the book to Mr. Ji Gang to read, or took the initiative to leave the book at Mr. Ji Gang. This is Mr. Xingke's desire to consult Mr. Ji Gang or ask him to comment on the proofreading points. For example, on March 2, "the line can come, long talk, and see the six volumes of the "Ancient Poetry Inventory" compiled by Mr. Yang Xingwu (one volume of the Three Kingdoms)." Mr. Ji Gang discovered that "the Yang Shu is based on Feng Weine's "Ancient Poetry Chronicle", and its source is sparse (and incomplete)", because "the persuasion can be based on this to make a proofreading of the "Poetry Record", and there is no need to write a book outside of Feng Wei's book." The "Book of Poetry" has a legacy, and it can be compiled into a compilation for the sake of making up for it." Another example is that on March 22, Mr. Xingke "retained the "Wonderful Good Words" with a continuation of the four volumes of Yusuo, and asked Yu to circle the points." Some of Mr. Ji Gang's batch points are treasured by Mr. Xingke in this way. In addition, the "stay" book can also be Mr. Xingke himself thinks that Mr. Ji Gang may be useful, and he borrows it without request. For example, on March 1, "Jiang Tong was left to edit three volumes of the Li Shenqi Chronicles, and one volume of the XiaoDelu (Tong Zi Dan Ling) (Liu Jiayetang Journal) for a total of one volume (Liu Jiayetang Journal) to borrow and read" is such a situation.

2. Borrow. false. It was Mr. Ji Gang who borrowed books from Mr. Xingke. For example, on January 13, "ten volumes of Sun Xingyan's Zhou Yi Ji Xie were borrowed from Dai Nan Ge, one volume of Yi Notes of Zheng Shi Shu (Yuan Junji), and six volumes of Wu Rulun's "Records of Deep State Customs". On April 13, "Yesterday evening, I could come, pretending that I "Mencius Yinyi" (two volumes, the Tongzhitang Jing interpretation and Song Caimo's "Mencius Collection" volume VIII below the volume), Qian Xianzhi's "Ten Classics of Texts Tongzheng Book" (fourteen volumes and two volumes), "Che Zhi Kao" (one volume), "Poetry And Sound Table" (one volume), "Erya Shi di four notes" (one volume, the above combined volumes, this Qian's four kinds of books), the other one is the "Analects of the Afterword", four volumes of all books. The "Poetry Table" is really a strange book, when the fine silk is also. On April 23, "I borrowed from everywhere that I could do, the Siku Compendium sutras, the Xiaoya, the Xunji, and the Zhuangzi Collection." On September 26, "Zhi Xingkejia borrowed ten copies of the Hongbei Jiang Collection, one single copy of the Qian Zhu Ting Collection (volumes 33 to 37), two volumes of Dai's Jingkao (Nanling Xu's carving), and twenty copies of the Complete Works of Chengzhai (Qianlong Jiayin Jishui Yang Ancestral Temple Carving)". There are too many such cases to list. Mr. Ji Gang details the title, number of volumes, number of volumes, editions, etc., which can be described as solemn.

3. Gifts. bequeath. Mr. Xingke sent a book to Mr. Ji Gang. On January 22, Mr. Xingke "gave Yu Yu of the "Supplement to the Fannan Anthology" that Yu had ordered last year", and the next day "Xu Xingke came", and Guo "gave Yu yu with the "Detailed Notes on the Supplement to the Fannan Anthology". On March 2, Mr. Xingke "also said that he should give Yu a volume of "Yutai Xin yong" (recently published)", and the next day ," he "donated the Yutai New Yong Kao Yi" (written by Ji Rongshu, ten volumes)". March 22 "Line can be "Wonderful Good Words" Yu Yu".

Fourth, ask. beg. Mr. Ji Gang knew of a certain book, but he could not do it, so he begged Mr. Xingke to buy it and borrow it himself. For example, on April 13, "Xing Ke Yan Lu Ci's "Cut Rhyme", recently dunhuang stone room published a book with its fragments, Wang Guowei once photocopied it. Yu Po wanted to do what he wanted to do to the king of the book and asked for it." On September 22, "in the thirty volumes of the ancient books of the Ming Sand and Stone Chamber (Luo Zhenyuyin, six volumes and thirty yuan), there is Tang Yonglong's "Anthology of Texts" volume TWO, and Tang Yonglong's "Anthology" volume TWO, and Tang Written Book, and volume 25, and Sui Writing, where there are four kinds of "Anthology", which can be bought for school chickens."

We were surprised to find that all of the above situations could happen on the same day. For example, on September 22, before Mr. Ji Gang purchased the four kinds of "Selected Writings" in the Mingsha Stone Room, he wrote that "Xi, Xing can come, with the fifth fragment of the Yanxi Ben "Anthology of Literature" in The Scenery of the Xilu Series of Books in Japan, and the Changzhou Xianzheng Testament (Sheng Xuan Huai carving) Youben's "Selected Texts and Examinations" volume, and xu Naichang's self-engraving of "Continuing Dialects and Supplements" in two volumes, Mr. Chen Zhuoren's "Speaking of The Harmonic Sound of The Story of the Twins" is false, and Yu Yu is cautious to self-love Xuan carved (Huangmei Meiyutian) "Character Dictionary" and "Pei". Mr. Xingke's "Seeing" of the "Selected Essays examination difference", Mr. Ji Gang "slightly showed his eyes, suspecting that it was Yu Ben's origin, he came to school on vacation every day".

When it was, Mr. Ji Gang set up a tent for Wuchang Gaoshi, and it was convenient to meet with Mr. Xingke. The two interact frequently, complement each other, and benefit each other a lot. On February 18, 1922, "The line can be consulted by Yu as the key to learning, and Yu Xun thanked him and told him, saying that it is appropriate to have this prosperous year, and the family is not a feast, and it is specialized in one study, and the upper can climb the small and medium-sized generation, and the lower is also a button jade tree, because it is discussed and the art of curing the scriptures." This shows the high expectations of Mr. Ji Gang for Mr. Xingke. Naturally, they also drank and wrote poetry, and even "hand talked" (gambling, but scribes played it). On September 25, 1922, Mr. Ji Gang "wrote a couplet for the sake of action":

If you have heard it, please teach Zhongshi;

Nothing is indispensable, try to cross-examine Zhuang Sheng.

The word "ok" is embedded in the joint insertion, the meaning is also good, it is a work of heart, you can imagine the elegance. Due to the lack of Mr. Ji Gang's diary, some important records have not been preserved, but the news can be glimpsed from Mr. Ji Gang's collection. In the "Measuring Shou Lu Wen Banknote", there is a "Commentary on the Handwritten Texts of Mr. Liu's Hand School Hidden by Bao Xu Xingke", which reads:

On June 17, the line can be held is the original show, and the basket is displayed as the colonel's language, which is the handwriting of Liu Jun, the first master Yizheng. According to all the books, when he lived in seclusion at the White Cloud Temple, he also saw the person in the "Daozang". Fortunately, it is possible to return to the present, so that the present person Judas has to play with it. When Liu Jun was gone, his books were scattered. Cai Yuanpei's people, who originally wanted to hide his books in the university, knew that before the Jun, he had paid several kinds of unfinished manuscripts, and it was necessary to supervise the books. Then, for the sake of virtue, he raised the king's book to pay his people. Tianjin bookstores often see the Jun's hand to approve books, which is also fateful. Cai Gao Yuntun, what happened to him was not as bad as his family's son Jun, Guangbo was far away, he was already sad enough, and he was so broken that he could do it. The king died on the twenty-seventh day of September before he was old, and the system of heart loss was already in full swing, and he remembered his life as if he were in his heart. The cycle is a book, and I don't know where the tears come from.

This is also Mr. Xingke's treasured "seeing" Mr. Ji Gang, and Mr. Ji Gang then wrote this sentimental remark.

Later, Mr. Ji Gang moved to Nanjing Central University, and Mr. Xingke saw less and scattered more, and still sent a letter back and forth. Mr. Xingke still sent books to Mr. Ji Gang as usual, and he last appeared in Mr. Ji Gang's diary on August 4, 1935: "Xu Shu Kuyiyu newly published twelve volumes of the manuscript of the Shuowen Harmonic Sound Spectrum." From the word "suddenly", it can be seen that this is also Mr. Xingke's own judgment that Mr. Ji Gang may be useful and take the initiative to give it. At this time, it was only two months since Mr. Ji Gang's sudden death.

Due to the incomplete preservation of Mr. Ji Gang's diary, some of the situations after his separation from Mr. Xingke can only find clues from Mr. Ji Gang's poems.

In the "Measure Shou Lu Poetry Banknote", there is a poem "Title Line Can Be Yan Yi Ugly":

In the seven years since the south came, he only handed over to the king, and he was also a sad soldier.

This Yan is good for my generations to know, and it is like a dragon cloud in the end.

This has the meaning of "parting words" in Mr. Ji Gang. "Only hand over to the king" and "miserable to divide", rely on each other, not to be taken lightly.

Mr. Ji Gang's letter to Mr. Xingke was included in the "Measure Shou Lu Wen Banknote". Here is a quote from one of them:

Your Excellency, the Elder Brother of the Xingke Family: She's Nephew Zhuo (Case: Mr. Huang Zhuo's Character Yaoxian) also from Hanshang, inquiring about xingju thick and suitable, to comfort, to comfort. Chenghui fake Liu's seal turtle book, especially Jue Xinfang. He used to live with your excellency in Wuchang, for eight years, knowing the poor, and every time he valued the secret book of the world, he borrowed and looked at it. Smearing does not think that it is shameful, and it is not suspected of being a long vacation, that is, this layer, friendship has been as thick as a mountain. Recently, I have been idly living, deeply reading that although I have written well in my life, the ancient texts that have been produced for hundreds of years have not been seen. Fu shan chuan Ding Yi, believed by the chief of the huan, the seal book of the woodblock engraving thought that it was enough to wing the "Sayings", or He Aiye! However, in today's learning, there are more ancient and easier, and there are also more ancient and difficult. Lithography is practiced, and countless authentic works are seen in one day, and this is also easy to say. The value of a book can be poured into the family, and this is also difficult to say. If you do not buy books that have not been sealed for months, and those who have been thrifty in food and clothing and food are still unable to cause it, if they do not know what they are, they will be able to tell your excellency. Xiang saw Huang Pilie's collection of book inscriptions, and there was a matter of fifty yuan Yiyi's "Fish Xuanji Collection", and shang called himself Hao. See also Chen Qizhai Ruler, the ancient gold stone he received, there is no amazing price, how can he be born with superiority? What book have you been discussing recently? What is the new origin? Is it better than sun's "Spring and Autumn Long Edition" obtained last year? You have to take advantage of the boat to go west, stay in the Qing Fast, and see your new winner? He gave a few lines to soothe his thoughts. This is the hand, that is, the ode to the waiter.

Reading the notes, it is not difficult to appreciate that Mr. Ji Gang's nostalgia for "living in Wuchang together, eight years at the beginning and the end", "friendship" and "thick as a mountain", gratitude for Mr. Xingke's "secret books in the world, all borrowed from the view", and the fascination of "taking advantage of the boat to the west, staying in Qingzhai, and seeing your new winners". In this letter, there is also an important academic message. The world knows that Mr. Zhang Taiyan does not believe in oracle bones, Mr. Ji Gang, as his proud disciple, sees that he is known as the "Heavenly King", and it is not good to openly oppose it, but in fact, Mr. Ji Gang has long realized the significance and value of oracle bones and golden texts to philology, so he has the expression of "inheriting the false Liu's seal turtle book, especially Jue Xinfang", and in another correspondence to Mr. Xingke, he also said: "In recent times, there are ancient turtles, and there are treasures in addition to the lack. As for "the mountains and rivers are dingyi, what the chief believes", Jin Wen will not doubt it. Mr. Ji Gang has collected a lot of materials in this regard, including Mr. Xingke's dedication. Unfortunately, there was no time to do further research.

Mr. Xu Xingke cares for the merits of carrying books, and the righteous deeds of turning private interests into justice, many experts and scholars in the field of books, literature and erudition are well-researched and well-known, and they know very well. I can only hear the wind of the elderly from the perspective of Mr. Xingke's interaction with Mr. Huang Jigang. Confucius said, "Look at its causes, look at its causes, and see its security", and from this aspect, we can also appreciate Mr. Xingke's learning and practice. I believe the words of the former teacher, Mr. Li Gefei: "What is the status of Mr. Ji Gang in the academic community, and mr. Xingke is the same position in the field of bibliophiles." ”

This year, on the occasion of the 60th anniversary of Mr. Xu Xingke's donation of precious ancient books and cultural relics, the book and cultural and cultural circles will hold commemorative activities to solicit manuscripts from me and write Sven.

Dai Jianhua