During the First Civil Revolutionary War, three people performed very well, because all three of them were in Jiangxi, so they were called "Jiangxi Sanjie".
The very famous Fang Zhimin is one of the "Three Masters of Jiangxi", Fang Zhimin joined the party in March 1924, and he officially joined the revolutionary ranks from then on. At the end of January 1935, in the Huaiyu Mountain District of Yushan County, Jiangxi Province, when Fang Zhimin and the Red Army soldiers broke through together, they were unfortunately caught by the enemy, and a few months later, Fang Zhimin bravely rebelled.
Zhao Xingnong was also one of the "Three Masters of Jiangxi", and in 1921, Zhao Xingnong became a glorious member of the Chinese Communist Party and began his career as a professional revolutionary. During the Northern Expedition, Zhao Xingnong was brutally killed by reactionary warlords.
So, who is the third person who is called "Jiangxi Sanjie" together with Fang Zhimin and Zhao Xingnong? He is the main founder of Jiangxi's first revolutionary group, the "Reform Society", and the outstanding leader of the Jiangxi revolutionary movement, Yuan Yubing, whom we will mention next.
Pictured| Yuan Yubing
At the beginning of 1923, after receiving the order from the party organization, Yuan Yubing came to Nanchang to carry out the next work. As soon as Yuan Yubing arrived in Nanchang, he was warmly welcomed by two other comrades among the "Three Masters of Jiangxi." Next, the three of them organized the Marxist Research Association and the Great Alliance of the Civil Rights Movement, and launched a campaign to "oppose Li Tingyu, the general counselor of the Jiangxi Governor's Office, as governor of the province".
This series of actions of the "Three Jies of Jiangxi" attracted the attention of the reactionary bureaucrat Li Tingyu, and then Li Tingyu began to send people to talk to Yuan Yubing, who at that time wanted to win Yuan Yubing over and then let the activities organized by the three people stop. However, what Li Tingyu did not expect was that Yuan Yubing was not moved by the conditions he proposed, and he was very loyal to the revolutionary cause.
When Li Tingyu sent someone to find Yuan Yubing, before they could finish speaking a few words, Yuan Yubing clearly expressed his attitude. The two sides began to quarrel, although the people sent by Li Tingyu were superior in numbers, but Yuan Yubing's mood was very high, and he did not show weakness.
After debating one question after another, Yuan Yubing said that these people were dumbfounded, and these people realized that they could not get any results here with Yuan Yubing, and finally left in frustration.
Since Yuan Yubing did not eat soft, Li Tingyu was ready to take tough measures. Subsequently, Li Tingyu began to send people to find trouble for the Marxist Research Association and the Grand Alliance of the Civil Rights Movement, and he also put the charge of "inciting the masses and opposing the government" on Yuan Yubing's head, and in this way, Yuan Yubing was arrested.
The picture | the prison of the old times
In the next line, Yuan Yubing was imprisoned in the Jiangxi Provincial Military Justice Department Prison, and although for a long time Yuan Yubing had to endure life in prison, his revolutionary fighting spirit did not waver, and his mood was very high. In the face of the enemy's interrogation, Yuan Yubing angrily asked: "I Yuan Yubing have neither betrayed the country nor oppressed ordinary people, so why did you arrest me and what crime did I commit?" ”
Yuan Yubing was the main founder of the revolutionary group "Reform Society", he was very famous in society, as soon as he heard that Yuan Yubing had been arrested, progressive people from all walks of life immediately took action and spontaneously fought against the enemy, and everyone hoped that Yuan Yubing would be released from prison as soon as possible.
In the end, through the unremitting efforts of people from all walks of life, coupled with the strong condemnation of public opinion, Yuan Yubing was imprisoned for nearly 8 months, and in November of this year, he was finally rescued.
In accordance with the orders assigned by the party organization, Yuan Yubing had not had time to rest after being released from prison, and then set off for Shanghai to continue his work. Subsequently, Yuan Yubing was warmly welcomed by Shanghai students, workers and progressives, as evidenced by articles published in Shanghai newspapers. In Shanghai at the time, some articles in the newspapers wrote:
"What is the significance of our warm welcome to Yuan Yubing? I can say that what we welcome is the three spirits in Yuan Yubing: First, his spirit of sacrifice in actively seeking happiness for the poor people and sacrificing himself for others; second, his scientific spirit of seriously examining today's society and striving to seek good strategies for governing the country and saving the people; third, is his strong spirit of not being discouraged, uncompromising, and not afraid of power even if he is arrested! ”
Picture | poor people of the old times
These articles were finally seen by Yuan Yubing, and in the face of such a high evaluation, Yuan Yubing was very excited, and he thought so at the time: The people support me so much, they can look up to me, this is my glory yuan Yubing, what reason do I have to retreat and escape? On the road of seeking a happy life for the masses of the people, I must move forward more courageously and more resolutely.
Later, once, a friend of Yuan Yubing felt that Yuan Yubing was imprisoned by the enemy for seven or eight months for no reason, and his heart must be uncomfortable, so he gave Yuan Yubing a suggestion.
The friend said: "For this time you were arrested, you have to learn a lesson, and when you carry out any action in the future, think about it and do it again, be cautious, and you must protect your own safety." ”
When the friend said this, he always had a smile on his face, he never expected that Yuan Yubing's next reaction would be so big, after the friend said it, Yuan Yubing thought about it, and then replied excitedly:
"Every one of us will eventually die, there is no immortal person in this world, but as a person, if you only consider your own private food and drink, and do nothing in your life, even if you live to the age of 100, what is the point?" I want to be a person who seeks happiness for countless poor people, such a life is meaningful, even if tomorrow I die at the gunpoint of the enemy, I have no complaints! ”
Pictured| poor child of the old times
When Yuan Yubing finished speaking this passage, the friend who made the suggestion stood in the same place for a long time, he did not speak for a long time, at that moment, this friend was completely shocked by the enthusiasm and energy of Yuan Yubing.
After all, there are so many people who were born in the red land of Jiangxi, later entered the revolutionary ranks, and even sacrificed heroically, not everyone can be called "Jiangxi Three Jies" together with Fang Zhimin and Zhao Xingnong.
Yuan Yubing was born in 1899 in Taihe County, Jiangxi. When he was 11 years old, Yuan Yubing entered the local private school and officially began to study, and when he was 15 years old, he entered xingguo County's Xingguo County Happy Wei Chengde Primary School to continue his studies.
The children of the poor have long been in charge, and the very poor family background has made Yuan Yubing mature early, and he helped his family to start farming work at a very young age, going up the mountain to collect firewood, mowing grass, and herding cattle. After developing the excellent quality of hard work, Yuan Yubing's achievements in the student era have always been among the best, very excellent.
In the autumn of 1918, Yuan Yubing was successfully admitted to Jiangxi Provincial No. 2 Middle School. A year later, the May Fourth Movement broke out violently, and this event brought a huge impact on Yuan Yubing's soul.
Figure | May Fourth Movement
At that time, Nanchang's cultural and educational circles were left with feudal cultural dross, and even during the May Fourth Movement, many students were still trying to learn the ancient four or six sentences and eight strands of text, and they belonged to a group of people who were seriously disconnected from social trends.
At that time, this group of widows and widows was completely intoxicated by the feudal dross, they abided by the principle of "not listening to things outside the window with both ears, and reading only the books of the sages", and took pride in "not talking about state affairs", they not only ignored the changes in the trend of the times, but even held a resistance to the May Fourth Movement.
At that time, Yuan Yubing had long seen the ugly face of the dark society and the dangerous situation faced by the country under the coercion of imperialism, and in order to completely awaken these old and young, Yuan Yubing finally decided to actively participate in the wave of the May Fourth Movement.
Subsequently, Yuan Yubing, with high revolutionary enthusiasm, participated in the anti-imperialist patriotic movement in Jiangxi.
Every day that followed, Yuan Yubing was busy participating in various parades, running around to give speeches, and he vigorously called on the people to boycott Japanese goods and fight against the warlord forces. After seeing Yuan Yubing's series of actions, some more conservative people around him began to stand up and criticize Yuan Yubing, and they scolded Yuan Yubing as an "excessive party."
Pictured| youth parade in film and television works
In the face of such accusations, Yuan Yubing was not angry, and he responded with a straight face: "Since you say that I am an 'excessive radical party', then I will become an 'excessive radical party'. ”
Subsequently, Yuan Yubing wrote his above words into a poem, he named the poem "Twenty First Feelings", in which Yuan Yubing wrote passionately: "Time and yin went to me too hurriedly, and suddenly the year came to the twentieth." I am determined to be the master of the world from now on. ”
Subsequently, under the profound influence of the May Fourth New Culture Movement, Yuan Yubing led Huang Dao, Xu Xianzhao and other students to finally establish the jiangxi transformation society, the first progressive social group in the history of the Jiangxi revolution.
This group of people were all studying at Jiangxi Provincial No. 2 Middle School at that time, all of them were in their early twenties, and they were in the midst of their youthful youth, and everyone often gathered together to analyze the situation of the times and discuss the future and destiny of the nation and the country. Because these 8 students often appear in front of everyone together, over time, they have a common title, and the students around them call them "Jiangxi Eight".
In the initial preparatory stage of the "Transformation Society", the name of this society was "Poyang Lake Society". The reason for this name is because Poyang Lake is the largest lake in Jiangxi, and everyone takes the meaning of "hai na hundred rivers, return to one place", symbolizing that all members of the community are united and work together for the revolutionary cause.
Photo | Poyang Lake
At that time, the preparatory work of the society was carried out for more than half a year, during which time the name "Poyang Lake Society" was questioned. At that time, everyone thought that the inner meaning of the name was indeed very good, but it was not straightforward and loud enough, and some people even joked that the name did not sound like a revolutionary group, but rather like a society that fished and caught shrimp and studied water conservancy issues.
After careful discussion, the 8 people led by Yuan Yubing finally agreed to change the name of the society, and in this way, the "Poyang Lake Society" became the later "Transformation Society". When the reform society was first established, Yuan Yubing and others stipulated that the purpose of the reform society was to transform society and turn the "dark old Jiangxi" into a "bright new Jiangxi."
On January 1, 1921, Yuan Yubing and others held the inaugural meeting of the Reform Society at their alma mater, Jiangxi Provincial No. 2 Middle School, which was presided over by Yuan Yubing, at which he announced the formal establishment of the Reform Society.
At that time, there were a total of 9 members of the reform society who participated in the meeting, and under the unanimous recommendation of everyone, Yuan Yubing was elected as the chairman of the meeting, and subsequently, he also reported to everyone on the various processes in the preparatory stage of the transformation society. Finally, Yuan Yubing, who was standing on the rostrum, preached:
"The 9 students who attended this meeting are like 9 brothers in a big family, and we are gathered here for New Year's Day at this moment, what a happy thing!" In the future, we will also expand the scope of this big family, so that people from all over the world can enter this big family, and all the people in the world are also our brothers. These words still seem far away, but I believe that there will be a day when the wish will come true! ”
Pictured| students of the old times
Just a few days after the establishment of the transformation society, the people who wanted to join in the company had already begun to queue, and later, more than 100 progressive intellectual young people, including Fang Zhimin, eventually became members of the transformation society.
Subsequently, many of the backbone members of the Reform Society went to Beijing to study, so in October 1922, the headquarters of the Reform Society was moved to Peking University, and branches were also set up in Shanghai and Nanchang.
At that time, more than half of the members of the reform society were in Jiangxi, and the remaining members were distributed in Beijing, Nanjing, Shanghai, Changsha and other cities, and at that time, there was even a small number of members of the reform society in Japan.
At that time, "New Jiangxi" mainly published articles in "social research, social investigation, and social criticism", which was an important position for members to explore social truth and find good strategies for governing the country and saving the people.
If the members of the Creation Society want to run the magazine "New Jiangxi", they need to overcome many difficulties. The first thing they encountered was the problem of insufficient funds, and in the end, Yuan Yubing mobilized many members to donate together, and this problem was quickly solved. In addition, Nanchang did not have the conditions to print vernacular text, and the members had to send the finished manuscripts to Shanghai for printing.
The | Shanghai in the old photo
Despite the difficulties, the members were not intimidated, and after everyone's unremitting efforts, on May 1, 1921, "New Jiangxi" was officially published and distributed. At that time, Yuan Yubing also wrote a special "Manifesto of this Journal", in which he elaborated on the idea of "transforming society" of the reform society, yuan Yubing also said: "The publication of the "New Jiangxi" publication is one of the ways to transform society. ”
After the public publication and distribution, the response of all sectors of society to "New Jiangxi" was very enthusiastic, and famous revolutionaries such as Fang Zhimin and Huang Dao all published poems and articles in "New Jiangxi", and we can almost say this: In the ideological circles of Jiangxi at that time, "New Jiangxi" was a rising star.
The influential "New Jiangxi" finally attracted the attention of the reactionaries of the authorities, who were eager to sweep out these progressive youths, but "New Jiangxi" was like a solid fortress, uniting the youth together, which the reactionaries of the Jiangxi authorities could not tolerate.
In the end, when the new Jiangxi magazine was just in its third issue, it was shut down by the reactionaries of the authorities and forced to stop publishing.
Looking back at the entire process of Yuan Yubing's organization in establishing the Reform Society, we can roughly make a summary like this: Although the number of members of the Jiangxi Transformation Society is not large, the organization within the society is very strict, and the combat effectiveness of the members is also very strong; the establishment of the Transformation Society has promoted the new awakening of the people of Jiangxi and promoted the spread of Marxism in Jiangxi; in addition, the Transformation Society has also created conditions for the establishment of local party and group organizations in Jiangxi.
The picture | the former site of the Cpc Fujian Provincial Committee
At the beginning of 1924, Yuan Yubing was dispatched by the party organization to study at the Eastern Labor University in Moscow. In the winter of 1925, Yuan Yubing ended his study career in Moscow ahead of schedule, and after returning to China, he officially served as the director of the Propaganda Department of the Prefectural Committee of the Shanghai Socialist Youth League, as well as the secretary of the Prefectural Committee of the Youth League.
After the Northern Expedition occupied Nanchang, the Jiangxi District Committee of the Communist Party of China was formally established, and subsequently, Yuan Yubing served as a member of the Jiangxi District Committee of the Communist Party of China and concurrently served as the director of the Propaganda Department, and soon after, Yuan Yubing also served as the secretary of the Jiangxi Provincial Youth League Committee.
In early 1927, the Kuomintang rightists usurped the leadership of the Kuomintang's Jiangxi Provincial Party Department, and at the same time, they also controlled the Republic of China Daily, a very influential publication in Jiangxi. In order to cope with this passive situation, the Jiangxi District Committee of the Communist Party of China decided to restore the "Red Light" weekly magazine, and in jiangxi at that time, our party urgently needed a press position to propagate revolutionary ideas and expose the ugly features of the reactionary authorities.
On the orders of the Jiangxi District Committee of the Communist Party of China, Yuan Yubing served as the editor-in-chief of the Red Light weekly. Red Lantern Weekly was founded in the winter of 1923 and was the organ publication of the Nanchang Local League at that time.
After such a long time, the "Red Light" weekly magazine is finally about to resume circulation again, which makes Yuan Yubing very excited, he said happily: "We have finally started again, our "Red Light" is hanging high in the sky again, and it will continue to guide the direction of our revolutionary cause!" ”
The | revolutionary publication
In the first issue of Red Light Weekly after its resumption of publication, Yuan Yubing wrote an article entitled "The New Mission of the Red Light", in which he wrote: "Red Light Weekly was originally founded for revolution, and now Red Light Weekly is resuming circulation again, or for the revolution. We will certainly do our utmost to provide the most scientific revolutionary theories for the youth of Jiangxi and guide them to carry out revolutionary actions! ”
Red Light Weekly has been keeping pace with the times, which is why it has been warmly welcomed by many revolutionary youths, who at that time rushed to buy Red Light Weekly, and everyone was proud to be an enthusiastic reader of Red Light Weekly. The circulation of Red Light Magazine grew rapidly, from a few hundred copies when it was just resumed publication to more than 5,000 copies.
You know, at that time, Nanchang only had a total population of more than 100,000, and a publication could have a circulation of more than 5,000 copies, which was a very remarkable thing at that time.
Since its inception, Red Lantern Weekly has always kept up with the trend of the times, such as the death of Dr. Sun Yat-sen, the murder of Li Dazhao, the death of Chen Zanxian and other major social events, and the corresponding news and commentaries have been published in the Red Lantern Weekly.
Pictured| Sun Yat-sen
Finally, let's return to the topic at the beginning of this article, Yuan Yubing's friend advised him to "be cautious when carrying out operations, pay attention to protecting his own safety", Yuan Yubing replied at that time: "I want to be a person who seeks happiness for countless poor people, even if I die tomorrow at the gunpoint of the enemy, I have no complaints!" ”
I don't know if this is a coincidence, history really happened according to Yuan Yubing's words, under the white terror at that time, Yuan Yubing, who had been fighting in the front line of the "Red Light" weekly, finally really sacrificed on the road of seeking happiness for the poor people. So, what's going on here?
In 1927, Chiang Kai-shek staged the brutal April 12 counter-revolutionary coup, after which Yuan Yubing and other Communists were eventually forced to leave Jiangxi on the orders of Zhu Peide, the chairman of Jiangxi Province.
At that time, the bloody storm caused by the counter-revolutionary coup did not frighten Yuan Yubing, and after receiving the order from the party organization, he went to the Jiujiang area again to lead the local youth to continue the revolutionary struggle.
In mid-December of that year, Yuan Yubing was arrested by the Kuomintang reactionaries because of the traitor's whistleblowing.
Tu | kuomintang reactionaries arrest communists
After his arrest, considering Yuan Yubing's important status in our party, the enemy very much hoped to get information about our party from Yuan Yubing's mouth. Next, the enemy was soft and hard at the same time, and they found various reasons to talk to Yuan Yubing for a while, posing all kinds of benefits, trying to pull Yuan Yubing over, and then giving Yuan Yubing a punishment, and all kinds of cruel punishments changed into tricks for Yuan Yubing to use.
However, no matter whether the enemy put on a smiling face or a vicious and fierce face, Yuan Yubing was not moved, during that time, Yuan Yubing was not afraid of danger, regarded death as a homecoming, and in the face of the enemy's interrogation and temptation, he fully demonstrated the excellent qualities of a Communist Party member.
On December 27 of that year, Yuan Yubing was brutally killed by the enemy at the age of 28 in Nanchang.
Facing the enemy's muzzle of gunfire, at that moment, Yuan Yubing was very calm, and he shouted loudly at that time: "Overthrow the Kuomintang reactionaries, the revolution will definitely win victory, long live the Communist Party of China, sacrifice me, awaken countless people, revolutionaries cannot be killed!" ”
Pictured| a statue of Yuan Yubing
In this way, Yuan Yubing, who was called "Jiangxi Sanjie" with Fang Zhimin and Zhao Xingnong, bravely and righteously left us forever.
Regarding the sacrifice of the martyr Yuan Yubing, the Bolshevik magazine once wrote: "Although he (Yuan Yubing) has been sacrificed, his red blood will erupt from the ground and wash away this dark, stale Jiangxi!" ”