In Shaoshanchong, Xiangtan County, Hunan Province, there is a place called Shangwuchang, where the walls of the houses are made of adobe bricks, more than half of which are covered with green tiles, and the other half is covered with straw.
On December 26, 1893 (November 19, the nineteenth year of the Qing Dynasty), in the early morning of this day, Shaoshan rushed to the Mao family farmhouse in the house, and Mao Shunsheng and his wife Wen Qimei welcomed their third son.
The birth of a new little life brings new hope to the family. His grandfather Mao Enpu named him Mao Zedong according to the family tree, the character Yongzhi.
Mao Zedong's father, Mao Yichang, born in 1870, was the only son in the family, attended private school for several years, and grew tall and strong.
Mao's mother, Wen Qimei, was born in 1867 in a place in Hunan called Tang Jiayuan (yù). She ranked seventh among the sisters in the family, and Wen Suqin was her official name.
When Wen Suqin was 18 years old (1885), he married 15-year-old Mao Yichang. She became pregnant at the age of 20, and two boys were born in their infancy, and Mao Zedong was their third son.
A newborn little life brings new hope and joy to a family, and at the same time brings more responsibility to Mao Yichang. There are old and young, and at this time, because the family is in debt, there are few acres of thin land. Mao Yichang, who has become a father, feels that the burden on his shoulders is very heavy, and thinks about how to earn money to live a life.
At that time, Zeng Guofan's Xiang army paid the most silver. Zeng Guofan's monthly salary for his battalion officer was 50 taels of silver. Ordinary soldiers of the Xiang Army, the monthly salary is six or two silver. Mao Yichang sent his wife Wen Qimei and his son, who had just turned the moon, to his wife's mother's house. He went to the Xiang Army.
Mao Yichang served as a soldier for two years from about 1894 to 1895. I have grown a lot of insight and accumulated a lot of silver dollars. Back in his hometown, he paid off the debt he owed and redeemed the land that his father Mao Enpu had donated. When the farmers are busy, they plant the land, and the farmers do some business in their spare time. With his diligence and management, Mao Yichang gradually made his family rich.
The young Mao Zedong grew up in a typically strict father-and-mother Chinese family. Her father was shrewd and capable, and her mother was a gentle and kind woman, often receiving poor neighbors. The main influence on Chairman Mao's ideology and concepts during this period was the family, private schools, and the toiling peasants in Shaoshanchong. Environmental factors gave Mao Zedong compassion and the heart of helping the world, and he also adhered to the hard-working, tenacious and simple character of his father.
When Mao Zedong was in school in his hometown, he would herd cattle for firewood in the morning and evening, and when the farmers were busy, they would go to the fields with the adults. At that time, his father provided him with education, and he did not have much ambition, but only knew a few words and kept accounts for business. But Mao Zedong's enthusiasm for reading was higher than that of ordinary rural children. His mind was not in the fields, but in the books and the outside world.
During his childhood and adolescence, he studied at six private schools around Shaoshan, namely South Bank, Guan Gong Bridge, Qiaotou Bay, Zhongjia Bay, Jingwan Li, Turtle Well, and Dongmaotang.
Due to the backwardness and closure of his hometown, in 1910, the 17-year-old Mao Zedong was still attending primary school in Dongshan Xuetang.
In the spring of 1911, Mao Zedong came to Changsha, the provincial capital, for the first time and was admitted to Xiangxiang Middle School in Hunan Province. More than half a year later, on October 10, the Xinhai Revolution fired its first shots in Wuchang, and Changsha was the first in the country to respond to the Wuhan Revolution. Mao Zedong threw his pen into the Army and joined the New Army. It was his first dropout, full of spirit and enthusiasm for the revolution.
On January 1, 1912, the Republic of China was established, and then entered the North-South Peace Talks, and on February 12, the Qing Emperor abdicated. On March 10, Yuan Shikai was inaugurated as interim president in Beijing. Mao Zedong believed that the revolution was over, withdrew from the army, and decided to continue his studies.
In March 1912, it had been three months since the founding of the Republic of China. Mao Yichang of Shaoshan Chong was so pleased that his son, who was studying abroad, wrote to him that he had been admitted to a commercial school in the provincial capital. This Mao Yichang naturally agreed, and his son's study of the business classics can also be regarded as the son inheriting his father's business. Previously, he had wanted to send his son to a qianhao family in Xiangtan to learn to do business, and now he was studying in a business school, wouldn't it be better.
But Mao Yichang was not relieved for too long, and a month later, his son's letter again broke his father's expectations. In the letter, Mao Zedong said: "Most of the courses in this new school are taught in English, and like my ordinary classmates, my English level is very bad, and I only know the alphabet." In addition, there is another difficulty, that is, there are no English teachers in the school. I hated it, so I dropped out at the end of the month and continued reading the ad to sign up for another good school. ”
At that time, the principal of this secondary commercial school in Changsha was Chen Guangjin, who graduated from the Yamaguchi Business School in Japan, and Dai Zixian, an Overseas Chinese from Britain and the United States, was hired. They grew up in Britain and the United States, and their lives, languages, and diets have become habits. After arriving in Hunan Province, their teaching was all in English. This was his second dropout, and Mao Zedong, who spoke poor English, had to quit the business path his father wanted him to take.
Changsha, Republic of China
After leaving the Business College, Mao continued to look for a suitable school for him in the newspaper's admissions ads. In the process of studying, 19-year-old Mao Zedong, like many young people, took some detours. At that time, newspapers published advertisements for admissions to various schools, and each school paid a one-dollar registration fee. He enrolled in five or six schools in a row.
At that time, many schools were being built, and they all used advertising to absorb new students. "Sign for Undergraduate Students of the Higher Patrol School by the Civil Affairs Department" - an advertisement for a police officer's school caught his eye, so he went to sign up.
At this time, one of his friends applied for the Hunan Private First Law and Politics School, and he mobilized Mao Zedong to enter his school, and Mao Zedong read the moving advertisement of this law school, which guaranteed many incredible things. It promised to teach all the subjects of law within three years, guaranteeing that the completion of the studies would immediately lead to the post of official.... Among the many schools selected, Mao Zedong was finally admitted to the Hunan Provincial Higher High School with the first place.
At that time, the provincial first middle school "imitated the German academic system", the first four years, teaching general studies, the last three years, literature and history, in preparation for future university admission. Mao Zedong applied for an ordinary class, which was equivalent to attending the first grade of junior high school, and junior high school had to be studied for four years. At this time, Mao Zedong was 19 years old, and he had graduated from the school's junior high school, that is, he was 23 years old.
After he read the "Imperial Commentary on the General Records of the Dynasties", he concluded that he still studied well alone. Therefore, he preferred to drop out of school and go to the Dingwangtai Provincial Library to study on his own. In this school, Mao Zedong only studied for half a year, which was his third dropout.
After dropping out of school, he lived in the Xiangxiang Guild Hall in Xin'an Lane, Changsha, and walked three miles every day to the Hunan Provincial Library in Dingwangtai outside The Jiyang Gate to teach himself.
Every day as soon as the library opened its doors, a slender, plainly dressed young man entered the library, quietly went to the shelves to pick up the books, and quietly crouched down at the reading table to read intently, until the time to close the door came, and then stood up. Every day, never stopped.
He wrote in his recollection: "Six months later, I left school and made a reading plan of my own, I was very regular and attentive, and the half a year spent in this way, I thought it was extremely valuable to me. I went in as soon as the library opened in the morning, and at noon I spent only two rice crackers to eat, which was my daily lunch, and every day I stayed in the library and read until it was closed. ”
The time of self-study lasted for half a year, but his self-study life was not understood by his father. He felt that Mao Zedong did not work or go to school in Changsha, and only cared about reading some idle books every day, which was really not a proper job. The father claimed to cut off his source of livelihood. At the same time, the Xiangxiang Guild Hall where Mao Zedong lived was often fought because there were too many veterans. Mao Zedong had nowhere to live for the time being, thinking about it, Mao Zedong felt that he was most suitable to be a teacher who taught and educated people, and when he saw the enrollment of normal schools, he went to sign up.
In the spring of 1913, Mao Zedong was admitted to the Hunan Public Fourth Normal School, located in the lotus pond inside the Xinghan Gate of the North Gate. Later, the Fourth Normal School was merged into the First Normal School of Myo Gaofeng. Mao Zedong was enrolled in the eighth class of the First Normal Undergraduate.
During his studies at the First Division, Mao Zedong eagerly studied cultural and scientific knowledge in pursuit of the truth of saving the country and the people, and insisted on exercising his body. Noble morality, rich knowledge, and strong physique are his hard requirements for himself. He always got up every day when it was dark, took a cold shower, did gymnastics, went to the classroom to study, and until the lights went out at night, he continued to read by the faint light in the corridor.
During his studies, Mao Zedong became acquainted with a group of classmates and friends who shared common ideals, had lofty aspirations, and were concerned about the destiny of the country.
During the vacation of the first division, Mao Zedong and his classmate Xiao Zisheng traveled on foot without a penny. Under the Yuelu Mountains and on the banks of the XiangJiang River, they came into contact with people from all walks of life along the way, learned about their living conditions, and their expectations for the future country.
After returning to school, Mao Zedong united a group of students and formed the Xinmin Society. At a time of crisis in their home and country, a group of students have established the truth of life to save the country and the people, and they are diligent in exploration and courageous in practice.
In the summer of 1918, at the age of 25, Mao Zedong completed his studies and graduated from the Provincial First Normal School. Later, Mao Zedong and others raised funds to organize members of the Xinmin Society to study in France, but he himself stayed in China. Many members of the Xinmin Society later became famous figures in the history of the Chinese revolution, such as Cai Hesen, Xiang Jingyu, Yang Kaihui, and so on.
Mao Zedong, the revolutionary leader who grew up step by step from an ordinary peasant family, had rebelled and been confused. As an outstanding figure in China's modern and modern history, Mao Zedong had lofty ambitions and was not a vulgar person; he studied with nobility, participated in practice, and achieved the unity of knowledge and action. He threw himself into the vigorous revolution, and indeed embarked on a path to save the country and save the country.
In 1921, he formed the first communist group in Hunan, a year he was 28 years old. After that, he led the proletarian revolutionary fighters to resist the Aggression of the Japanese and Kosovo after 28 years of arduous struggle and established a new China.
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