#纪念辛亥革命110周年 #
On October 10, 1911, the Wuchang Uprising broke out, and the next day Hubei was declared independent and a Hubei military government was established.
In the months that followed, the revolution swept across the country. Eighteen provinces in Guannei either revolted or declared independence, and eventually fifteen provinces and cities, including Hubei, Hunan, Shaanxi, Jiangxi, Shanxi, Yunnan, Zhejiang, Guizhou, Shanghai, Jiangsu, Anhui, Guangxi, Fujian, Guangdong, and Sichuan, established military governments and achieved independence.
So, who were the first governors of these fifteen provinces, and what kind of life outcome did they have? And listen to me in detail for the sake of justice.
1. On the second day of the uprising, on October 11, 1911, the second day of the uprising, the establishment of the Hubei Military Government was announced, and Li Yuanhong, who was then the commander of the new army, was driven to the shelves and appointed as the governor.
After the official establishment of the Republic of China, he served as vice president and president of the Senate. After Yuan Shikai's death, he succeeded The President of the Republic of China, but because of the contradiction with Duan Qirui, he triggered a dispute between the government and the court. He retired from politics in 1923 and died in 1928.
On the 31st of the same month, the two people were assassinated on the same day, and the death of the two was also a major mystery case in the Republic of China.
Subsequently, the Constitutionalists sent Tan Yanmin to succeed him as governor. Later, he successively served as the governor of Hunan Province, the civil administrator of Hunan Province, the governor of Hunan Province, the commander of the National Revolutionary Army, the chairman of the National Government in Nanjing, and the president of the Executive Yuan of the National Government.
He introduced the combination of Chiang Kai-shek and Soong Mei-ling, and his daughter married Chen Cheng, who can be called a tumbler in the political arena of the Republic of China. He died in Nanjing in 1930.
3. On October 22, the Shaanxi New Army revolted. The next day, Zhang Fengyi was made the governor of the Shaanxi military government.
After the founding of the Republic of China, it was suspended by Yuan Shikai and successively lived in Beijing, Shanghai, Xi'an and other places. After the outbreak of the War of Resistance Against Japan, he actively campaigned for the War of Resistance against Japanese Aggression and advocated active resistance against Japan.
After the founding of new China, he served as vice chairman and vice governor of the Shaanxi Provincial People's Government, and died of illness in Xi'an in 1958.
4. On October 28, the New Army in Shanxi revolted, and the next day Yan Xishan was appointed as the governor. After the establishment of the Republic of China, Yan Xishan successively served as the governor of Shanxi Province, the commander-in-chief of the Northern National Revolutionary Army, and the director of the Taiyuan Appeasement Office, and was in charge of Shanxi for more than 30 years.
After the defeat of the Kuomintang in 1949, Yan Xishan fled to Taiwan, where he served as chief executive and minister of national defense, but had no real power, resigned from all his posts, lived in seclusion in Yangmingshan, and died in Taipei in 1960.
5. On October 23, the New Army of Jiujiang, Jiangxi, revolted, and Ma Yubao was made the governor of Jiujiang. On October 31, the New Army of Nanchang revolted and established the Jiangxi Military Government, with Wu Jiezhang as the governor, and all parts of Jiangxi were independent and strife, and peng Chengwan, Ma Yubao, and Li Liejun were successively appointed as the governors.
Wu Jiezhang followed Sun Yat-sen and was killed in a car accident in Shanghai in 1926.
After the founding of New China, Peng Chengwan served as a special representative of the Jiangxi Provincial People's Congress, a member of the Provincial Committee of the Chinese People's Political Consultative Conference, and a counselor of the Provincial Counselor's Office, and died in 1978.
After the initial establishment of the Republic of China, Ma Yubao resigned and returned to his hometown due to exclusion, and died in 1933. Li Liejun later participated in the Second Revolution, the Patriotic Movement, the Law Protection Movement, served as the chairman of Jiangxi Province, the General Counselor of the Nationalist Army, and later lived in Shanghai, after the September 18 Incident, he strongly advocated the anti-Japanese resistance, moved to Chongqing during the War of Resistance Against Japanese Aggression, and died in 1946.
6. On October 30, the New Army in Yunnan revolted, and on November 1, a military government was established, with Cai Yi as the governor. He later engaged in the struggle against Yuan, and served as the governor and governor of Sichuan Province, but died in 1916.
7. On November 4, the Shanghai Merchant Group, the Youth Gang and the members of the League jointly launched an uprising, announced the restoration, and established the Shanghai Military Government, with Chen Qimei, the leader of the Green Gang, as the governor.
He followed Sun Yat-sen in anti-Yuan activities, served as the general affairs minister of the Chinese Revolutionary Party, and was assassinated by Yuan Shikai in 1916.
8. On November 4, the New Army in Guizhou revolted and established a military government, with Yang Xingcheng as the governor. After the formal establishment of the Republic of China, he was seized of power by Yuan Shikai, withdrew from politics, devoted himself to meditation, and died in 1922.
9. On November 5, Cheng Dequan, the former governor of Jiangsu in the Qing Dynasty, announced his independence from the Qing government and served as the governor of the military government of Jiangsu Province. Later, he served as the general director of the Ministry of Internal Affairs and the governor of Jiangsu Province.
When Song Jiaoren was assassinated in 1913 and the Second Revolution broke out, he chose to quit politics and live in seclusion in Shanghai. He was ordained in 1926 and died in 1930.
10. On November 5, the New Army of Zhejiang revolted, and Tang Shouqian, a representative of the ConstitutionalIsts, was appointed as the governor. Later, he served as minister of communications and chairman of the Zhejiang Railway Company, but returned to his hometown in 1915 and died in 1917.
11. On November 7, Shen Bingkun, the former governor of Guangxi during the Qing Dynasty, followed Cheng Dequan's example, declared independence, and became the governor of the Guangxi military government. Soon he led his troops out of Guangxi and returned to his hometown in Hunan, where Wang Zhixiang succeeded him.
Shen Bingkun later joined the Kuomintang and served as the inspector of Pukou Shopping Mall, but died in 1913.
Wang Zhixiang successively served as the envoy of the Southern Army, the president of the Overseas Chinese Affairs Bureau, and the president of the Chinese Red Cross Society, but later lived in seclusion in his hometown due to persecution by Yuan Shikai, and died in 1930.
12. On November 8, Zhu Jiabao, the former governor of Anhui in the Qing court, also declared independence and served as the governor of the Anhui military government, but later fled due to a mutiny. Later, Sun Yujun re-established the Anhui military government and served as the governor of the capital.
Zhu Jiabao later served as the civil affairs minister and governor directly under the direct subordination, and the governor and overseer directly under the governor. After participating in Zhang Xun's restoration, he was awarded the post of Shangshu, fled to Japan after his defeat, returned to China in 1918 and lived in seclusion in Tianjin, where he died in 1923.
Sun Yujun later served as a member of the Provisional Senate, the president of the Covenant Law Conference, and the Senate. He died in 1924.
13. On November 9, the New Army of Fujian revolted, and Sun Daoren, the former governor of Fujian in the Qing Dynasty, was appointed as the governor of Fujian. After the second revolution, he was not tolerated by Yuan Shikai, stepped down to live in Shanghai, and then at the invitation of Li Yuanhong, he engaged in politics several times, but had no real power, and then lived in Xiamen with his children, and died in 1935.
14. On November 8, Zhang Mingqi, the former governor of Liangguang of the Qing Dynasty, was forced by the situation and decided to declare independence the next day, and he was elected as the governor. However, before he could take office, he fled, and Hu Hanmin took office as the governor.
Zhang Mingqi ran to Hong Kong with the money, and after Yuan Shikai came to power, he returned to China and successively served as a senior adviser to the government, the civil affairs minister of Guangxi, and the inspector of Guangdong. After the Patriotic War, he broke away from politics and lived in seclusion in Shanghai and Tianjin. After the September 18 Incident in 1931, he colluded with Japan and became a traitor. In 1942, he was appointed as a member of the Advisory Committee of the Pseudo-North China Political Affairs Committee. He died in 1945.
Hu Hanmin followed Sun Yat-sen in revolutionary activities for a long time and was Sun Yat-sen's right and left arm. He was one of the members of the presidium of the Kuomintang's first five members, and his descendants performed the functions of Grand Marshal Sun Yat-sen. After Sun Yat-sen's death, he successively competed for power with Wang Jingwei, Chiang Kai-shek and others, and served as chairman of the National Government in Nanjing and president of the Legislative Yuan of the National Government. He was placed under house arrest by Chiang Kai-shek in 1931, released, and died in 1936.
15. On November 25, all walks of life in Sichuan negotiated and declared independence, and on November 27, a military government was established, with Pu Dianjun, director of the Advisory Bureau, as the governor, and then fled due to a mutiny, and Yin Changheng was appointed as the governor.
After the founding of the Republic of China, Pu Dianjun served as the vice minister of internal affairs, and then left politics and immersed himself in literature, and died in 1934.
Yin Changheng later served as an envoy to Chuanbian, but was imprisoned by Yuan Shikai, who was released after his death, and after his release, he left the military and government and lived in seclusion in Sichuan. After the liberation of Sichuan in 1949, he was hired as a member of the Southwest Military and Political Committee and died in 1953.