There is an important question in the Zhou Yi, and it is also a question that has been controversial since ancient times: the order of the sixty-four gua in the Zhou Yi. Why interpret the I Ching in this order? The general explanation is "two pairs are even, non-reciprocating".
Fourteen hundred years later, Chen Zhuo believed that this ordering was wrong, pointing out that the order of the animals and the tracks was reversed. In the end, Chen Zhuo did not show clear information to prove that this order was wrong. But miraculously, Chen Xuan took a different approach, put forward the concept of innate, and opened up a new field of easy learning.
<h1>Chen Zhuo had a great influence on traditional Chinese culture and was also a controversial figure</h1>
Chen Zhuo is a legendary figure. In his early years, he was familiar with the words of the Hundred Schools of History, and in middle age, when he was admitted to the academy, he was already quite famous, but he had no choice but to encounter chaos in the world, and finally gave up his career and turned to cultivation. According to the data, Chen Zhuo's birth and death year was 871 AD - 989 AD, a full 118 years old. If the record of the History of Song is true, then Chen Zhuo should be a talented person who has learned to be rich in five cars.
Chen Zhuo's writings are numerous, and his influence on later generations is also far-reaching. Since the Song Dynasty, there have been at least three famous schools of thought that have a direct or indirect relationship with Chen Zhuo.
● The formation and development of Song Dynasty, Zhou Dunyi is a very important foundational figure, his theory obviously has traces of Chen Zhuo, the famous Taiji diagram is derived from Chen Zhuo. It can be seen that Chen Zhuo had a very enlightening effect on the beginning of the science of science.
● Shao Kangjie's innate thoughts also came from Chen Zhuo. It can be said that from the establishment of Innate Easy Learning by Chen Zhuo, a new easy-to-learn research model has begun. And directly led to the establishment of later easy-to-learn scales and traditions. It also provides more information for modern people to study the ancient yixue ideas.
● The influence of the third aspect on Taoism, his theory of Neidan cultivation, laid the theoretical foundation for the later development of Taoism. Therefore, Chen Zhuo has an unshakable position in Taoism, and is revered by believers as "Chen Zhuo Laozu".
Chen Zhuo was already famous when he was alive, and there were many followers. When he returned to The Hidden Hua Mountain, there were many legends about Chen Zhuo's miraculous deeds. His four major hobbies are also talked about.
● Reading and writing books, Chen Xuan reads ancient books and likes to write books. The content is also extensive, nourishing, cultivating, easy to learn, fables, poetry collections, and writings are abundant. These works were widely circulated at the time and directly influenced many scholars. Curiously, there are only a few extant works by Chen Zhuo. Among them, the most critical "Yi Long Tu" only has the preface "Yi Long Tu Sequence" written by Chen Zhuo, there is no main text content, only a short preface, which also makes posterity suspicious, and it has not yet figured out what Exactly Chen Zhuo's twenty-one figures are.
● Sleep, and sleep may be a few days or even longer. He often sleeps behind closed doors and does not wake up for many months. He also has his own views on sleep: "I sleep, first sleep the heart, then sleep the eyes", for the awakening said: "I wake up, first wake up the heart, then eye-catching". This is similar to the Taoist cultivation that people later knew, and perhaps his sleep was a kind of retreat practice.
● Chen Zhuo's love of drinking is also famous. Chen Is a good friend of another folklore celebrity, Lu Dongbin, who drinks and chants together. At that time, folk legend spread that these people had the largest amount of old wine and wrote the best and most poems.
● Mountaineering is another habit of Chen Xuan. This hobby is reflected in his poems, many of which are made after mountain climbing, and some of Chen Zhuo's favorite mountains are more than one.
Some bizarre legends in later generations have to some extent covered up the real situation of Chen Zhuo, who has long been classified as a myth, and his knowledge and influence have been ignored. Of course, later generations also ignored Chen Zhuo's personal political ambitions.
He expressed his chest in the "Hidden Wudang Mountain Poem":
"If everything is in hand, a hundred years of intercession." When he went south, he remembered the name of the rock. ”
The poem clearly has extraordinary political ambitions. He also looked at himself in the mirror and said, "He is not an immortal but an emperor, and he is like this." It can be seen that for a period of time, Chen Zhuo wanted to exert his ideals in his career. As he saw the social and political struggles more and more thoroughly, he finally decided to become a hermit and specialize in cultivating his nature. He immersed himself in the exploration of the spiritual field, delved into the mysteries of easy learning, and pondered the truth of the universe, and finally opened a new academic wind in the Song Dynasty.
In view of Chen Zhuo's fame, it is not known whether the emperor at that time summoned Chen Zhuo to see chen zhuo, and whether his intention was to be jealous of Chen Zhuo's influence, or whether he hoped to get a way to govern the country from Chen Zhuo, or to seek the art of self-cultivation.
According to historical records, the four emperors of Later Tang, Tang Mingzong, Zhou Shizong of Later Zhou, Song Taizu of the Northern Song Dynasty, and Song Taizong of the Northern Song Dynasty all summoned Chen Zhuo. Of course, the historical background is different. Zhou Shizong gave him the name "Mr. Baiyun", Song Taizong gave him the name "Mr. Xiyi", and Chen Xuan called himself "Fu Shaozi".
<h1>Chen was skeptical of Confucius's commentary on the Zhou Yi, believing that Confucius had abandoned the essence of the I Ching. </h1>
● When Chen Xuan commented on the Zhengyi Xin Fa, he expressed his disapproval of Confucius's annotation of the Zhou Yi, but in the early stages of his career, he was still influenced by Confucianism.
"The ancients are clear and easy to do." Later generations of gua paintings are unknown, and the easy way is not passed on. The saint then had no choice but to resign. The scholar was shallow in knowledge, and as soon as he wrote his words, it was easy to stop, so Zhou Kong went his own way. I don't know that there is a micro-purpose of the gua painting, only do eight characters to say, this is to buy the pearl and return the pearl. Since the Han Dynasty, Yi Dao is hu and not obscure."
Translation: In ancient times, the use of pictures to show the truth of Yi, the world can not understand, resulting in the inability of Yi Dao to be familiar to everyone. The saints had to use words to explain them so that ordinary people could understand them. However, those who studied Yi only attached importance to these words and ignored the most precious diagrams, but instead made the real Yi Dao unable to be passed down, which was the result of the obstinate actions of King Wen of Zhou and Confucius. Therefore, he missed the mystery shown in the painting, and only made a deliberate note on the names of the eight gua, saying that the so-called purchase of the pearl and return of the pearl was not worth the loss.
This is Chen Zhuo's overall view of Confucius's annotations on Zhou Yi, believing that Confucius's annotations only use some of the contents of Zhou Yili that are beneficial to his own theory, although not necessarily wrong, but they have a misleading effect on the later Yixue. Leading everyone to think that the ancients explained it this way. In fact, the ancients took the diagram as the main way of expression, the words were secondary, and the core content was also displayed through the diagram.
The early Chen Zhuo was a follower of Confucianism, and the influence of Confucian thought on him was obvious.
Chen Xuan said of the "status of real people": "When things come, don't make a mistake and take the lead, then the big things will become small, and the small things will become nothing." Yang Jing is raised in the moving place, and fang sees the weekdays to be stored; when the yang qi is fixed when lying down, the party sees the clarification on weekdays; when there is nothing to do, the party sees the usual Yin Gong, and keeping this is the status of a real person." The influence of Confucian theories on him, which clearly reflects confucianism, cannot be ignored.
● In his later career, Chen Xuan transformed the traditional Confucian Yixue into the theory of cosmic generation in the Zhou Yi, and founded the innate Yixue that expounded the unity of cosmic generation and The Taoist Neidan cultivation.
Chen Zhuo said that his yixue was derived from Fuxi, which was the original and most comprehensive yixue, with the diagram as the main communication method, which belonged to the "innate", that is, the original state, which was the body. All the uses of "acquired" come from "innate", so we must first understand "innate" and then use "acquired". This theory has been used by Taoist alchemists to this day, who extend "innate" to be inherent in birth, and "acquired" as artificial cultivation, and they pay more attention to "innate".
It is precisely because Chen Zhuo's innate yixue is so suitable for Taoist cultivation that many people in later generations believe that Chen Zhuo founded the innate yixue for the cultivation of Dan Dao. Many people in later generations did not accept this innate theory.
●What is the style of the diagram that Chen Zhuo is talking about? This is a mystery.
The diagram that Chen Zhuo himself said has been lost, and only the text and name remain. Later, some scholars who followed Chen Zhuo also successively published some schemas. The most famous are probably Zhou Dunyi's Taiji Diagram and Shao Yong's Xiantian Fangyuan Diagram.
The history books record that Chen Zhuo's "Dragon Diagram Sequence" is a textual explanation of the "Yi Long Tu". However, the loss of the book "Yi Long Tu" has led to the pattern of "Yi Long Tu" becoming a mystery for eternity. Nowadays, the easy figures handed down to the world, such as: the Tiantian Map, the Zhongtian Map, the Houtian Map, the River Chart, the Luo Shu, the Wuji Diagram, and the Tiantian Taiji Diagram are all related to Chen Zhuo.
Some people say that Chen Zhuo's "Yi Long Tu" has twenty-one figures, of which the "Dragon Diagram Clutch Workaround Diagram" is this diagram. The purpose of Chen Zhuo's "Yi Long Tu" is estimated to be to understand a mysterious map, which may have been handed down from ancient times, and if the diagram is not described in text, Chen Zhuoyi will easily use the diagram to make a book. As for whether this book was lost or Chen Zhuo's own secrets, it is not known. After all, Chen Xuan had so many disciples and followers. If he had written this book, it would have been taught to reliable disciples.
● Research is easy to learn is Chen Zhuo's lifelong hobby. It was this hobby that made Chen Zhuo a generation of masters.
Yixue is indeed a treasure of Chinese culture. Confucius only began to study the I Ching in his later years, although it was too late to integrate all the ideas of Yi Xue into his own theory. However, Confucius's annotated Zhou Yi has survived to this day.
Chen Xuan has studied endlessly throughout his life and has many insights, and these insights have influenced many people, inspired them, and shined in their respective theoretical fields. It was also these insights that allowed Chen Tou to create his own system.
No wonder Chen Zhuo was arrogant and wrote:
"Open the heavenly shore horse, the dragon among the strange people."