A few days ago, a technology company organized employees to go to a suburban scenic spot to carry out team building, but did not expect to meet with a group of horse bees "narrow road", resulting in 23 people being stung and sent to the hospital for emergency treatment. Stung by a horse wasp, stabbed by a caterpillar, bitten by a centipede, burrowed into flesh by a hard tick... In fact, in the emergency department of major hospitals, insect bite injuries are not uncommon.
In the emergency department of the dermatology department of Xinhua Hospital, several cases of acute diseases caused by various insect bites are received every day, such as caterpillar dermatitis, cryptoptera dermatitis, and wasp sting shock. Especially in recent years, tick bites and centipede bites have gradually increased in Shanghai.
The ecological environment is getting better and better, the opportunities for urban people to get close to nature are more, and the chance of encountering insects and insects naturally increases, such as caterpillars falling from park trees, centipedes hiding in shoes, horse bees hiding in quilts that have just been basked in the sun... This common insect bite treatment guide is for readers to collect and be prepared.
01 Bee sting: rinse the wound, squeeze out the venom, apply baking soda
When living at home, when collecting clothes quilts for drying on the balcony, be careful to carry bees or wasps.
In the wild, try to wear long sleeves, wear a hat, and avoid the use of strongly scented cosmetics, such as perfumes. You can spray some anti-mosquito potions.
What should I do if I am attacked by bees or wasps?
1. After being attacked by the swarm, do not fight back too much, find a safe place to squat, cover important parts with clothing, and avoid provoking the swarm.
2, after the horse bee stings, will not leave the thorns on the person, but the bees will leave thorns. Therefore, after being stung, it is necessary to first check whether there are any stinger residues in the wound. If poisonous spines remain, they should be taken out with forceps.
3. If there is a clean water source nearby, rinse the wound repeatedly with water immediately, and squeeze the wound near the wound with your hands, squeeze out the venom, pay attention to squeezing the wound until the bright red blood flows out, and then apply the wound with baking soda, which can reduce the redness and swelling after poisoning. But do not wash with dirty water, let alone paste mud on the wound surface, so that it is easy to infect the wound.
4. If there is fever, dizziness and headache, chest tightness, breathing difficulties, nausea and vomiting and other systemic symptoms, you should seek medical treatment in time. In the event of delirium or cardiac arrest, on-site CPR should be performed immediately and dial "120". Horse bee stings are prone to precursors or shock and require timely rescue.
02 Cryptoptera dermatitis: Do not shoot directly with your hands
Cryptoptera is a small black flying insect with a black head and orange chest, which is an insect that grows in tropical and subtropical regions, which is more common in the south of China and more in summer. Cryptopteropters prefer to inhabit wet grass during the day, have a strong phototropism, and love to fly towards bright places at night.
Cryptopteryx does not bite, but it has a strong acidic toxin in its body, which is quickly released on the skin, causing allergic dermatitis, appearing cord-like or patchy edematous erythema, blisters or pustules, itchy and burning. The severity of dermatitis is related to how much venom the skin is exposed to.
How to prevent cryptoptera dermatitis?
One trick against cryptoptera is that when it flies to your skin, don't shoot it to death with your hands. If there is a small black worm on the body, the easiest way is to use your fingers to bounce it away, blow it off, or shake it to the ground. If it is slapped on the skin, its body fluids will cause dermatitis when it comes into contact with the skin, or its body fluids will be stained on clothing, and the human skin will also cause cryptoptera dermatitis by touching clothing with cryptoptera body fluids.
How to treat Cryptoptera dermatitis?
1. After contact with the venom of the insect body, it should first be rinsed with soapy water or running water, and then the calamine lotion, menthol cream or glucocorticoid ointment can be used externally; serious antihistamines such as loratadine can also be added, or glucocorticoids can be applied systematically.
2. At the same time, to avoid bacterial infection, fever, headache, nausea, lymphadenopathy and other systemic symptoms, you should go to the hospital in time.
03 Caterpillar dermatitis: Remove poisonous hairs with scotch tape
Mulberry caterpillar dermatitis refers to the inflammatory reaction of the skin caused by the poisonous hair of the mulberry caterpillar after contact with the human body. Mulberry caterpillar is the larvae of the mulberry poison moth, the insect body has countless poisonous hairs, the center of the poisonous hair is a hollow pipe, the poisonous liquid, the poisonous hairs are detached and flutter with the wind, and the disease can occur after contact with the human body.
Spiny caterpillar dermatitis is an inflammatory response caused by the poisonous glitch of a thorny caterpillar that injures the skin. Common in China are yellow and green spiny caterpillars. Skin lesions mostly occur in the face, neck, hands, forearms and other exposed areas, the skin is stabbed by the stinger, generally first there is a tingling, burning sensation, and then there is redness or large swelling at the site of the stab, generally the systemic symptoms are mild, and the severe ones may cause death.
What should I do if I am stung by a caterpillar?
1. As much as possible, use tape or scotch tape to repeatedly remove the poisonous hair from the rash, and rinse the part with soapy water or alkaline aqueous solution in time to neutralize the toxin.
2. Topical calamine lotion, zinc oxide lotion or 1% peppermint solution can also be applied to the affected area with purslane mashing to reduce inflammation and itching.
3. If the symptoms are more severe, seek medical treatment in time.
04 Centipede bites: Do not try to squeeze out the venom, do not use iodine or disinfectant water
Centipede bites are more common in the Shanghai area. The centipede's venom is acidic, and the centipede bite wound is a pair of small holes. After being bitten by a centipede, it is mainly manifested as local acute inflammation: redness, swelling, pain and itching, and local skin necrosis can occur in severe cases; more severe cases can see body numbness, headache, dizziness, fever, nausea, vomiting and other systemic symptoms, and even life-threatening.
Indoors, centipedes often hide in clothing or shoes on the floor indoors. In the wild, there are more encounters with centipedes.
What should I do to stay away from centipede bites?
1, residents living in the old community should pay attention to the summer as little as possible to wear more exposed slippers to the place where there is moss, do not easily move the bricks, otherwise it is likely to move out of a nest of centipedes.
2, centipedes like humid environment, so to do a good job of indoor moisture-proof work, keep clean and dry, avoid accumulation of items, do not provide a "active" environment for centipedes.
What should I do if I am bitten by a centipede?
1. Once you are stung by the centipede, do not try to squeeze out the venom, squeezing hard will speed up the blood circulation, resulting in the spread of the venom, causing the wound to swell and spread.
2, the centipede venom is acidic, if the person is bitten by the centipede, should be at the upper end of the injured limb 2-3 cm, with a cloth belt tightened, every 15 minutes to relax 1-2 minutes, around the wound can be ice, swelling is obvious can be used to aspirator or cupping can suck out the venom, immediately with alkaline solution (soapy water) repeatedly rinse the wound many times to neutralize the acidic venom.
3, the traces of centipede bites are a pair of small holes, venom is flowing down the small holes, so be sure to rinse repeatedly with alkaline solution, avoid using iodine tinctures or acidic drugs to rinse or rub the wound.
05 Tick bites: Don't slap, don't pull hard, don't pinch
Ticks prefer to be dark and damp, most active in mountainous and hilly areas, and were not common in Shanghai in the past, but in recent years, the number of patients bitten by ticks in Shanghai has gradually increased. When working in the field and traveling, it is necessary to do a good job of protection, wear long-sleeved pants, spray insect repellent, etc., and pay attention to check whether there are unexplained wounds on the body.
What to do to stay away from tick bites?
1. Citizens can apply mosquito repellent water when they go out to avoid sitting on the grass. Avoid prolonged contact with wood and leaf litters, and when walking in the woods or grass, wear long sleeves and trousers and tuck your pants into your socks.
2. After returning indoors outdoors for a long time, take a shower in time and carefully check your arms, behind your ears, legs, knees and hair. Pay special attention to checking pets and young children.
What should I do if I get bitten by a tick?
1, found that there are ticks on the body, do not beat, do not pull hard, do not pinch, do not use fire or other things to stimulate it. Because the tick has barbs on the front end, when the tick is found to be stinging on the body, do not pull hard, and go to the hospital in time to deal with it.
2. If it is inconvenient to seek medical treatment and need to deal with it yourself, you can apply alcohol to the tick body, so that the tick head relaxes or dies, and then use the pointed forceps to remove the tick, pay attention to pulling out vertically upwards, do not shake left and right. Or use cigarette butts and incense sticks to gently blanch the exposed part of the body so that its head slowly withdraws on its own. The wound and hands are then cleaned with alcohol or soapy water and disinfected.
3. Fever, fatigue, nausea, vomiting and other symptoms after being bitten by ticks, especially if the body temperature is higher than 38 ° C, go to the hospital immediately, and take the initiative to inform the doctor of the affected area and treatment of tick bites. Be wary that ticks have a certain probability of causing fever with thrombocytopenia syndrome, or infected with the virus they carry, which can be fatal in severe cases. Therefore, after being bitten by ticks, it is necessary to observe closely and seek medical attention as soon as symptoms such as high fever occur.
06 Jellyfish dermatitis, coral dermatitis: rinse the sting wound with seawater in time
Common marine life injuries are mainly caused by jellyfish (jellyfish), corals and anemones.
Jellyfish stings are mainly local or systemic reactive diseases of the skin caused by acute allergic and toxic reactions caused by people coming into contact with jellyfish through skin contact. Jellyfish tentacles have a large number of stinging cells, the sting cells contain venom, when its tentacles touch the human body, the thorns protruding from the stinging cells pierce into the skin, causing jellyfish dermatitis, severe cases can cause rapid death.
The initial reaction to being stung by coral is pain, erythema and itching, which vary depending on the coral type and the size of the puncture, the body's forearms, elbows and knees are vulnerable areas, and erythema may appear around the sting wound within a few minutes and disappear within 1-2 hours. Untreated wounds heal more slowly, sometimes as long as 3-6 weeks, and are at risk of infection.
What should I do to prevent jellyfish dermatitis?
1. When bathing, choose a beach with qualified protective measures or a clean seawater area, which greatly reduces the chance of "close contact" with jellyfish. Don't be quiet and run to some untapped "wild" beaches.
2. Swimmers in the sea should strengthen their own awareness of prevention, do not use their hands and feet or other parts of the body to touch unknown soft objects in the sea to prevent being attacked and bitten by jellyfish.
3. Do not directly use your hands to pick up jellyfish washed onto the beach by seawater, and avoid being stung by touching the tentacles of the poisonous sac.
4, jellyfish are afraid of high temperatures, generally under the cold seawater, shallow water area is less (shallow water area should also pay attention to when the flood season is more), the elderly and children should play in shallow water or on the shore, do not go to deep water.
5. Jellyfish toxicity is more harmful to children, especially when playing, take good care of children.
What should I do to prevent coral dermatitis?
Those who want to experience diving are best carried out in the regular seas, with the guidance of professionals, and also to do the necessary protective measures to avoid the potential risk of exposing the skin of the body.
What should I do if I am stung by a jellyfish?
1. Once stung by jellyfish, the injured person should rinse the sting with seawater in time, do not use fresh water, because it is easy to stimulate the unspung stinger. Oral stings immediately rinse the mouth repeatedly with any available beverage. The eye sting is rinsed with plenty of fresh water.
2, should not be ice, can be soaked in warm water. It is not advisable to wipe with a towel, etc., and large tentacles can be removed with tools such as tweezers.
3. Soak or wet the sting area with 5% acetic acid (or vinegar) as soon as possible for at least 30 minutes or until the pain disappears.
4. Rinse with 5%-10% sodium bicarbonate (or saturated alum solution) and wet compress with sodium bicarbonate solution, more than half an hour each time, several times a day, or can be applied externally or topically with calamine lotion.
5. If the symptoms are serious, go to the hospital for professional treatment in time.
What should I do if I am stung by coral?
1. Once coral damage occurs, it can be rinsed with seawater first, and then wiped with vinegar or alcohol to reduce pain.
2. Pull out or remove the residue with forceps.
3. Use antihistamine drugs to apply to the affected area to reduce itching and burning sensation, and painkillers can also be used.
Author: Yan Ming (Deputy Chief Physician, Department of Dermatology, Xinhua Hospital) Editor: Li Chenyan Responsible Editor: Fan Liping
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