The Qianxian Prefecture Museum has a collection of kitchen clay figurines
Copper drum mountain fish hook fan
The Qianxian Prefecture Museum holds cast fish brass bells
Ho ying qin ancestral shrine
"Guizhou Xingyi is the only place of origin of Triassic marine reptiles and fish fossils found simultaneously in the known marine strata of China, so many reptiles and fish fossils are found in the same layer of origin, and it is also rare in related marine strata abroad."
——Expert, Institute of Vertebrate Paleontology and Paleoanthropology, Chinese Academy of Sciences
Occasionally, I think of "fish" and "fish".
Mr. Wu Houyan played WeChat, the picture of the skinny water and fat carp with the annotation "Today's harvest"; something called Shen Hui, the earpiece came "Something to get quickly, my bag is packed, I am preparing to go to Wanfeng Lake"; Tao Changwu's "Wanfeng Lake on the Fish Hook", history and culture and ethnic customs are intertwined, and anecdotes and anecdotes are shared with the lake and wild fishing fun...
"Fishing" is naturally inseparable from "fish". Once upon a time, clever ancestors invented hooks, paired with threads, rods, baits, etc., and the story was born: Jiang Taigong's straight hook, the death penalty of the Dragon King of Jinghe in "Journey to the West", the thousand-year-old song of "fishing alone in the snow of the Cold River", the sewing needle of the old Red Army, and even "Kitten Fishing" in the picture book. Fish blend into our lives. For many people, fishing is the same, with the way of fishing, enjoy the sunset of the water and the sky, immerse yourself in the tranquility of no dust, and taste the comfort of the unity of heaven and man!
Cohabitation
Fish can not be separated from the water, in fact, people are the same, think carefully, fish swimming for thousands of years, human beings may also be inseparable from fish, or fish for human survival and reproduction provides important conditions.
Man for knife tricks, I for fish meat. For the average fish, it is a very reasonable saying. In the National Museum of China in beijing, there is a piece of kitchen clay figurines, winged crown Hanfu, and ingredients are piled on the board in front of it, the most conspicuous of which is a pair of fat fish under the right palm of the kitchen, and the head and tail are clear and the fish scales are hidden.
In Guizhou, the historical relics of southwest Qianxi can be described as rich, in the ancient human and Han culture circles, called cultural relics dazhou (city), of which the Wantun Han tomb group and the Jiaole Han tomb group excavated cultural relics are rich and exquisite, and they are well-known. Nowadays, the copper carriages and horses unearthed from the Wantun Han Tomb Group have become the prototype artifacts made by the National Society of the Ministry of Foreign Affairs of China, and the accompanying chandle lamps, cash cows, beam pots, etc., are all fine cultural relics and national treasures. On the leaves of the cash cow, the pisces are opposite, and the bronze pulp is permeated, as if swimming from the long river of thousands of years of history.
In the bronzes excavated from the two Han tomb groups of Wantun and Jiaole, the dragon is an important role, such as the continuous branch lamp of the Wantun Han Tomb Group, the double dragon base plus the dragon plate lamppost, so that the whole artifact reflects the ancient traditional cultural atmosphere in the solemn Muri, and the exquisite casting skills of the flexible. This is the "mix of fish and dragons".
In fact, in the more distant geological history, in the land of southwest Qianxi, the mixed stories of fish and dragons have long been brilliantly interpreted. 240 million years ago guizhou dragon fauna fossils, in addition to dragons, oriental ribbed fish, Xingyi Asian scaly fish, Sinochem true jaw fish and other fish gorgeous and colorful, the Chinese Academy of Sciences Institute of Vertebrate Paleontology and Paleoanthropology experts, after a comprehensive analysis of the fossil production level and physical specimens, came to the identification conclusion: "Guizhou Xingyi is the only known marine stratigraphy in China to find the origin of Triassic marine reptiles and fish fossils, so many reptiles and fish fossils found in the same layer of origin, It is also rare in foreign related marine strata. ”
Mountains and tsunamis, landslides and landslides are accompanied by ancient times, the sea recedes and the land rises, and human beings will eventually put their feet on the earth, and from then on, the earth civilization will begin. What about the swimming fish? It did not retreat with the sea, and many of the rivers, lakes and seas that remained on the continent accompanied human beings along the way.
Fishing and hunting tribes
At the beginning of 2009, the construction of the Qing (Qinglong) Xing (Xingyi) Expressway began. The planned high-speed line will pass through the protected area of the "Wantun Han Tomb Group", an important cultural relics protection unit in Xingyi City. Therefore, from May to July of that year, an archaeological drilling team of 50 people conducted archaeological drilling in the area of nearly 5 kilometers from the Yangmei base in Wantun Town, Wantun Town, the central area of the Wantun Han Tomb Group, to Po Ma. Archaeological drilling results, found 1 ancient site, an area of about 20,000 square meters, found 64 relics, including ash pits, ditches, kiln site areas, tombs, etc., collected yellow or red skin black heart of the plain surface and checkered sand pottery pieces dozens. After preliminary analysis, its age should be from the Warring States to the Han Dynasty, the era is earlier than or equal to the age of the Wantun Han Tomb Group, and the Site of Wantun Ahong is presented to the world.
In October 2010, in order to rescue precious cultural relics and avoid important historical information from disappearing into the process of infrastructure construction, the Guizhou Provincial Institute of Cultural Relics and Archaeology conducted archaeological excavations within the construction scope of the Qingxing Expressway. For the Ahong site, a comprehensive and meticulous archaeological excavation work was carried out, and the tomb of the indigenous people of the Han Dynasty in the Ahong site was discovered - the Old Tomb Hill Tomb Group. A large number of unique slate tombs appear in the tomb group, as well as a wealth of funerary items such as pottery, jade, and bronze. Of course, there are also human skeletons in the tombs. Experts judge that the overall characteristics of the pottery of the Ahong site are closest to the Tonggushan site in Pu'an County, and with the assistance of perforated stone knives, it can be determined that the type of Ahong site is "Tonggushan relics".
At that time, Associate Professor Li Fajun of the Department of Anthropology of Sun Yat-sen University came to examine, and after the identification of the human bones of the ancient tomb group, he believed that regardless of men and women, the development of limb bones was generally weak, the development of muscle crests was not obvious, and there was little heavy labor before death, which coincided with the production methods of some indigenous peoples fishing and hunting. The indigenous people of southwestErn Qian, at least as far away as the Han Dynasty, survived and multiplied by "fishing".
Experts' judgment has its own truth, but making conclusions based on bones alone may make many people dismiss it and even give rise to some doubts. Then look at the remains of the Copper Drum Mountain to which the Ahong site belongs.
The Site of Tonggu Mountain, located in Yingpan Village, Qingshan Town, Pu'an County, was discovered by the Guizhou Provincial Museum as early as 1978. The first archaeological excavations began in 1980 and have been famous in the archaeological community ever since. After many archaeological excavations and the study of the site and excavated artifacts, it has been identified as a site of the Yelang period. In addition to Tonggu Mountain, more than ten Yelang ruins have been found in the surrounding areas, such as Tonghu Mountain, Tongcan Mountain, TusiWan and Dayuan, occupying most of the Yelang ruins currently found in Guizhou Province. Experts concluded that the site of Tonggu Mountain belonged to the weapons processing plant of the Warring States and the ancient Yelang State of the Qin and Han Dynasties and the processing plant of aristocratic decorative supplies.
Copper Drum Mountain is no exaggeration to say that it is a weapons processing plant, where a large number of copper, copper arrow and copper have appeared
Land
Crossbows, copper swords, copper knives, iron knives, iron swords and other artifacts. More importantly, a large number of tools for casting bronzes were found, such as the mold for casting copper ge, the fan and crucible for casting swords and knives. Among the various excavations, there are exquisite fish hook models. Careful observation shows that the model of these cast fish hooks, their hook handles, hook bends, hook tips, barbs, etc., have fully possessed the appearance of modern fish hooks.
Thinking of a thousand years, the mysterious ancient Yelang people throw poles and streams hanging from the lakeside, perhaps thinking about the firewood in the house, the water in the clay pot has boiled, thinking about the wrinkled smile of the old man, and the loud cry of the baby. Can they feel the pleasure of fishing like the anglers they are today?
The National Museum of China has clay figurines that are handling fish, and there are also in southwest Qianxi. There is a Group of Tombs of Jiaole Han in Yuzhang Town, Yilong New District, which is not far from the Tomb Group of Wantun Han and is a tomb group of the same period. In 1999, a large number of ceramic figurines were unearthed here, one of which is also a kitchen figurine. In this work, the cook kneels, the head is crowned with a horseshoe-shaped hat, the back of the hat is knotted, the sleeves of the underwear are rolled up, the right wrist is wearing a shell bracelet, and the front desk is placed in front of the table, and the kitchen's right hand presses the fish head on the table, and the left hand knife is pointed at the fish scales.
This kitchen figurine unearthed by Jiaole is 25.7 cm high, the fish scales are realistic, the head, dorsal fin and tail of the fish are clear, even the desk is meticulously made, staring at the fat fish kitchen with a smile and slender features. To tell the truth, this work of the Eastern Han Dynasty is more image, fine and well-preserved than the kitchen figurines in the National Museum.
As far as the pottery figurines are concerned, it is also a Fuqin figurine excavated from the Jiaole Han Tomb Group, which was once used as a poster artifact for the exhibition of ancient Chinese cultural relics held in Beijing. It is conceivable that the Jiaole Kitchen Figurine is naturally also the best in China's historical relics.
Fish and sheep are "fresh", and since ancient times, fish has been a delicious sign. Fish and bear paws can not be combined, which shows its important position in the ancients' recipes. Two thousand years ago, the kitchen stared at the fat fish and smiled and squinted, and that mood was vividly expressed by the kitchen figurines. At that time, Qianxi Southwest was really a blessed land of home and the land of fish and rice.
Whether it is the Wantun Han Tomb Group or the Jiaole Han Tomb Group, among the excavated pottery, there are models of pond rice fields.
For example, the model of the pond rice field excavated from the Wantun Han Tomb Group is made of fine sand mud and has a high fire temperature. The model is disc-shaped, clay pottery, flat bottom, shallow abdomen, folded lip, diameter 44.5-46.2 cm, height 8.4 cm, thickness 1 cm. Half of the bottom of the plate is used as a pond and the other half as a rice field. There are two tails of fish, a lotus leaf, a lotus flower, a branch of a lotus, and a diamond horn in the pond, all of which are mud kneaded entities, decorated with simple lines and dots as image symbols. The rice paddies are separated by mud strips, leaving a water gap at the end, and the rows of rice carved in the field are full of life. Between the pond and the rice paddy, a long embankment is also built, and there is a culvert in the middle to irrigate the field. Above the long causeway stands a small bird spreading its wings and flying. Nine small trees are carved on the perimeter wall of the plate, and the spacing is basically equal, indicating that the pond and the rice field are planted with peach and plum flowers and fruits. Archaeologists have studied that a nobleman or official had such a family property before his death, and burned a model to be buried after death.
This water conservancy model is the same as the Han Dynasty Pichi model unearthed in Hanzhong, Shaanxi, although it is different in shape and content. It can be regarded as an example of the introduction of advanced farming technology and farmland water conservancy facilities into Guizhou in the Central Plains at that time, and a microcosm of the level of agricultural development in southwest Qianxi in the Han Dynasty. At the same time, it reproduces the ancient idyllic scenery of Xingyi of "pond lotus fragrance and strange vertical and horizontal", and also vividly interprets the land of fish and rice in the southwest region of Qianxi a thousand years ago.
Fish leaping dragon gate
The myth of the fish leaping into a dragon can be said to be a household name in China. The fish of qianxi are no exception.
He Yingqin, a historical figure in southwest Qianxi, is definitely one of the most famous people, who served for a long time as the military minister of the Nationalist government and also served as the chief executive of the Republic of China, and the peak of his life was to accept the surrender of the Japanese Empire on behalf of the Nationalist government and become a historical figure that attracted worldwide attention.
The FengboWan Lu Garden in Nitai Town is a mountain-style building complex that He Yingqin vigorously remodeled and expanded after He Yingqin went out of the mountains and flew huang Tengda. Nowadays, Fengbo Bay has become a tourist attraction, and tourists from the south to the north step into the mountain gate to admire the majesty of the karst area architecture and sigh at the careful intentions of local craftsmen. Perhaps many tourists have not noticed that at the south end of the east wing of the Fengbo Bay Courtyard, there is a fragment of a stone water tank, except for the bottom of the cylinder, only a stone slab of the cylinder wall stands quietly. However, on this board, two long-bearded fat carp jumped out of the water waves opposite each other, both of which were staring at the archway-style dragon gate with four pillars and three doors and three eaves behind them, and the appearance of not jumping over and vowing not to give up was very cute. Yes, jump over is the dragon, struggling to swim to the carp in front of the dragon gate, who will not try? For the Mud Tai Ho clan, this carving is to hope that He Yingqin will go further, or to look forward to the emergence of another noble person in the family, leaving tourists with unlimited reverie.
Looking at the towering dragon gate, you can see how difficult it is for anyone to enter the gods. After all, not every fish can jump over the dragon gate to rank in the immortal class, and ordinary fish have entered the homes of ordinary people.
In the main room of He Yingqin's former residence on the muddy street, the shrine is flat and stable, with a dignified posture and body shape
Wide, thick materials, wide materials, compared with the famous Su-style, Cantonese- and Beijing-style shrines, the He Family Shrine has its own typical regional characteristics in terms of structure.
The He Family Shrine is structurally divided into three parts: the head of the niche, the offering, and the base. The head of the niche is cocked, the eight immortal figures are embossed on the panel, and the immortals look at ease and come to life. The most characteristic of the shrine is the offering of the "town house land god seat" below the head of the niche, which occupies most of the entire shrine, no niche door and no side wall, open, single-layer flower cover at the front, and the carved "double phoenix sunrise". On both sides of the flower cover, connecting the head of the niche and the base are two majestic and flowing fishtail pillars, and in the curly fish tail, each carved a small hamster that steals grapes, which is very interesting.
The regional characteristics of the He Family Shrine are manifested on these two fishtail pillars. Han traditional shrines, in order to reflect the solemnity, the pillar connecting the head of the niche and the base is generally square, carved with niches, if decorated, but also mostly vertical elephant legs and other carvings. The pair of fishtail pillars of the He family shrine are closely related to the local Buyi ethnic group. In the long process of social development, the Buyi people have created colorful myths, and their religious beliefs are the primitive religions of nature worship, fertility worship and polytheistic worship, they believe that all things have spirits, so they love mountains and trees, and worship flowers, birds, insects and fish. And the fish is a symbol of fertility worship. Therefore, the He family with mud at home, in the production of the solemn shrine of the Holy Spirit, under the influence of the Buyi people, introduced a simple and bright fishtail shape in the important column part, so that its shrine added a bit of elegance and smoothness to the solemn solemnity.
Taking the tail of the fish as a niche leg is not an isolated case in the Southwest Region of Qian. The shrines in the Wanfeng Lin Le Li Minguo Primary School, the shrines of the Liu family in Wutun under Xingyi, and the shrines collected by the Zhengtun Buyi Museum have adopted this form. In the southwest of Qianxi, there are also many stone carvings that also use the pattern of the fishtail leg shrine, such as the high pillar foundation of the eaves in front of the ancestral hall of wutun Liu manor.
Fish swim for millennia
In addition to the shape of the fishtail leg shrine, a stone pillar in front of the ancestral hall of the Liu Clan Manor in Wutun under Xingyi is engraved with a large, three, small and four fish, which swim among the water and grass, and cleverly, the three small fish gaze at a bend and a half moon, and the feeling of longing for it. The whole picture is idyllic and elegant, which makes people feel the meaning of "the water is clear and the fish read the moon, and the flowers and birds talk about the sky".
The Ancestral Hall of Liu Clan Manor in Xiawutun was built less than a hundred years ago, but it has a thousand-year history of using the image of swimming fish as a decorative symbol in southwest Qianxi. In addition to the shape of a fish on the bronze cash cow excavated from the Han Tomb introduced earlier, there are also vivid and realistic images of swimming fish in the exhibition hall of the Qianxian Prefecture Museum.
In the display cases of the museum's exhibition hall, there is a group of brass bells, ranging in size and exquisite combination. One of the large brass bells cast two frogs on top, and the wide bell body casts a pair of swimming fish, the two fish facing each other, head low and tail high body leaning forward, very dynamic. This group of bronze bells was collected from Lugong in Zhenfeng County, and according to the characteristics of the utensils, it was a work of the Han Dynasty.
Standing in front of the display case, the tourists were intoxicated, and the cultural relics in front of them drew out the millennium bell ringing, as if seeing the fish swimming on this hot land for a thousand years.
Fishing songs sing late
The sunset reflects the blue waves, and the fishing boats drift away with the waves... The Tang Dynasty poet Wang Bo's "Preface to the Tengwang Pavilion" in the "Fishing Boat singing late, ringing the poor PengLi Coast" has been sung for a thousand years.
Wang Bo had no chance to see today's Wanfeng Lake and Guangzhao Lake, and he could not imagine the fishing singing evening in southwest Shenzhou after a thousand years. It doesn't matter, fishing in southwest Qianxi has become famous all over the world. Wanfeng Lake is known as a paradise for wild anglers and has successfully held 11 national wild fishing competitions. The fame of Wanfeng Lake and its appeal to wild anglers have been recorded by Teacher Tao Changwu as "Wanfeng Lake on the Fish Hook".
In fact, it is not only Wanfeng Lake, but also the streams, mountain ponds, haizi, and river bays in southwest Qianxi... There are juvenile memories and anglers everywhere.
Friends around me will always say that they are going to fish for the night.
I don't know how to fish, and I don't have much time. When you have time, let's talk about the "fish" and "fishing" in this land!
Author: Luo Song