<h1 class="pgc-h-arrow-right" data-track="2" > Centennial 49: Reed</h1>
Author: Forget about the jianghu
Foreign monks were good at chanting the sutra, but Li De, who "parachuted" in the Su district of Jiangxi, never read it well.
In September 1933, a German came to Ruijin, and Bogu (Qin Bangxian) solemnly introduced this "long-awaited military adviser" to everyone and gave him a very Chinese name "Li De".
Soon, Bogu and Li De squeezed out Zhu De, Liu Bocheng, and others, and the Red Army suffered heavy losses under the enemy's step by step battalion, and had to leave the base area and carry out a major strategic transfer.
Reed
Otto Braun was born in 1900 in the small town of Ismanin on the outskirts of Munich, Germany.
In 1917, Braun participated in World War I and returned to school after the war. In 1919, he joined the Spartacus League, escaped from prison after being imprisoned for 5 months in 1921, arrested again in 1926, escaped again in 1928 to the Soviet Union, and entered the Frunze Military Academy the following year.
In June 1931, under the exposés of Gu Shunzhang and Xiang Zhongfa, the Shanghai Concession Patrol arrested Niulan and his wife living on Sichuan Road, which became the sensational "Niulan Incident". The so-called "CowLand" is a pseudonym of Yakov Matevich Runig, an intelligence officer of the Far East Bureau, whose wife is Wang Delizen.
In order to rescue Niu Lan and his wife, the Soviet General Staff used the "Sorge Group" and "Teko", and celebrities such as Song Qingling, Roman Roland, Gorky, and Dewey also participated in various ways. Sorge found Zhang Chong of the Investigation Section through Pan Hannian, and after some haggling, finally decided to "buy" Niulan's handwriting in prison for $30,000.
So the Soviets sent two men to deliver money, one of whom was Otto Braun.
World War II "First Agent" Sorge
According to one theory, the reason why the Soviet side chose Otto Braun to come to China to send money was because he was familiar with Wang Ming, and Wang Ming in Moscow and Bogu in Shanghai were in the same mood, and they were the leaders of the "Twenty-Eight and a Half Bolsheviks".
After arriving in Shanghai and delivering a huge sum of money to the Far East Bureau, another messenger returned to Moscow. Braun was left behind by his old acquaintance Arthur Yurt of the Far East Bureau, and Bogu wanted the help of this "military talent" and asked the Soviet Union, only to receive the reply that Braun could serve as an adviser and accept the leadership of his Chinese comrades.
Bogu
However, with Bogu's connivance, Braun became the "Emperor Taishang".
Bogu and others gave this "foreign adviser" too much special treatment: Wu Xiuquan, commander and political commissar of the Ting (Prefecture) Company (City) Subdistrict, was transferred to serve as an interpreter, and Liu Bocheng, chief of the general staff, gave him a Chinese name "Li De", that is, "a German surnamed Li"; Bogu found a Chinese wife Xiao Yuehua for Li De, and the two could not get along at all, and after the Long March, they parted ways.
If this is all a trivial matter, our most important "gun shaft" was also given to Li De by Bogu.
The chairman was ostracized at the Ningdu Conference in October 1932, but Zhu De, Liu Bocheng and others successfully broke the fourth "encirclement and suppression" according to the chairman's tactic of "luring the enemy deeper". After Li De became the actual commander, this traditional advantage was abandoned. In the face of Chiang Kai-shek's military adviser Seckett's "fortress doctrine" plus "armor protection company", Li De responded with "fortress to fortress" plus "short attack".
The Red Army built the fortress but could not hold it, and when the enemy attacked and repaired it slightly, it became its own "fortress", so that only Li De could do the stupid thing of fighting and sponsoring the enemy. What is even more fatal is that Li De interfered in every detail, and even the locations of machine guns and mortars were marked on the map, which made Liu Bocheng, chief of the general staff, greatly angry: How can such blind command let the grass-roots units play a role?
Liu Bocheng
The Red Army top brass was quite critical of Li De, but Bogu had no doubts.
Li De let Lin Biao and Peng Dehuai fight against the enemy, and let Luo Ronghuan lead people to lay mines, almost killing Xiao Jinguang by mistake. Peng Dehuai scolded him for "not being distressed by selling his grandfather's field", which frightened Wu Xiuquan and did not dare to translate; Liu Bocheng objected many times, and was ridiculed by Li De as "not like a graduate of the Frunze Military Academy."
In October 1934, just before the Long March, a conflict broke out between Liu Bocheng and Li De, and Bogu and Zhang Wentian favored Li De and demoted Liu Bocheng to the chief of staff of the Fifth Red Army. However, this "Emperor Taishang", who lived in a big house and ate chickens, ducks and fish, could not resist the enemy's siege on all sides, and the 86,000 men of the Red Army were forced to carry out a strategic transfer to the west.
Finally, the Red Army on the three blockade lines reduced its number by 22,000 people, the Xiangjiang Lost Most of them, and only a little more than 30,000 were left to reach Zunyi.
In January 1935, at the Zunyi Conference, Zhang Wentian turned to support the chairman's return to military power, and Bogu was also beaten in the face by the bloody reality, feeling sad, only Li De did not have any self-blame for the tragic losses of the Red Army, and also blamed Bogu and others for taking him as a "scapegoat".
Zunyi Conference Site
After the Zunyi Conference, Li De lost his command and was gradually marginalized.
Zhang Wentian became the secretary of the "three-man regiment" who was in power for a while, Bogu chose to cooperate with Mao and Zhu, and Li De chose to stay in the Red Army. Salisbury's Long March– An Unheard Story says: "On the long march that followed, Reed became a bystander. "
After the Zunyi Conference, the Red Army lost the First World War in Tucheng, and the Sandu Chishui Luban Field was not well fought, Lin Biao and some commanders and fighters complained, and Li De did not forget to ridicule Chairman Liu Bocheng: A village has walked back and forth several times, and it is really better to fight hard with the enemy.
Up to this point, Li De's concept of war was still stuck in the Period of World War I. But as the Red Army crossed the Chishui River four times, crossed the Jinsha River by chance, crossed the Dadu River by force, and flew to seize the Luding Bridge, this stereotypical German changed from envy and jealousy to sincere obedience. For the chairman's great talent, Li De is ashamed that he is not as good as the five bodies thrown to the ground. For Frunze's alumnus Liu Bocheng, he called a "Liu" affectionately.
Subsequently, the Red Army fought fiercely at Loushan Pass and climbed the snowy mountain prematurely. On June 12, 1935, maogong in Sichuan province, he met the Red Fourth Front in victory. At this time, Li De had truly been impressed by the Red Army and completely sided with the chairman.
The Red Army Universities of the First and Fourth Fronts were merged into a "joint military school", and Li De became a teacher. When the Right Route Army marched north to Brazil, the Four Fronts Army, Li Te, Huang Chao, and others rushed to the horse and asked the Right Route Army to go south to cooperate with the Left Route Army to "fight to Chengdu and eat rice."
Li Te, chief of staff of the Red Fourth Front, also studied in the Soviet Union, and Li De was no stranger. Li De pulled Li Te off his horse. Neither side could convince anyone, and Li De wanted to drag him to the chairman, but Li Te insisted on not going. Finally, the Red Fourth Front of the Right Route Army moved south under the leadership of Xu Xiangqian and Chen Changhao, while The red army of the Red Army was quickly moved north by Peng Dehuai' protector.
In northern Shaanxi security, Li De had been interviewed by Edgar Snow, and at this time Li De finally admitted that the Western method of warfare may not work in China, and what tactics to adopt under certain circumstances is more qualified for Chinese comrades to decide according to tradition and experience.
While teaching at Kang Da, Li De asked Zhang Wentian to ask Moscow for instructions and let him return to Suzhou.
In Yan'an, Li De met Li Lilian, an actress who came to the revolutionary holy land from Shanghai to participate in the War of Resistance. Li Lilian can speak English, and Li De has an advantage in communicating, and the two soon got married. Just as Li De was preparing to stay in China, Moscow approved his return.
In August 1939, Li De took the plane back to Moscow with Zhou Gong's illness, and Li Lilian originally went with him, but she did not have a passport and visa, so she had to watch Li De fly away. Li De returned to the Soviet Union alone and worked for a publishing house. In 1949, Li De returned to his hometown of Germany after 26 years of absence, and later served as the secretary of the East German Writers Association for 3 years. In August 1974, at the age of 74, Li De died in East Germany.
Late Life Li De (Middle)
After Li De left, Li Lilian participated in Ouyang Yuqian's drama "Sunrise" in Yan'an, which was a great success. After the victory of the Anti-Japanese War, Li Lilian returned to Shanghai to marry Ouyang Shanzun and also starred in plays such as "Brothers and Sisters Opening up the Wasteland". In April 1965, Li Lilian died in Shanghai at the age of 51.
【Deeply cultivate the history of war, carry forward positive energy, welcome to submit, private messages will be restored】