Under the sun, there are also shadows, living in the sun, how should we thank the warriors and martyrs who carry the weight for us in the shadows?
In the arduous revolutionary years, there were such a group of "invisible heroes" who penetrated deep into the heart of the enemy and rooted the flame of revolution in the enemy's hinterland. Because of the peculiarity of their tasks, the identities of most of these people are little known, they are in the dark tide, they have provided our Party with a lot of important favorable information, and although they have not led troops to fight in the war, they are still outstanding in merit and are deeply respected.
The world knows li Kenong, the "king of secret agents", but he does not know that this top agent who has been ambushed in the Kuomintang army for many years, as the only agent with one-line contact with Chairman Mao, Fan Ming has been undercover in the Kuomintang army for many years, his work is more dangerous, and his dual identity is more conducive to his work, hao Keyong and Fan Ming's two names have accompanied him through a legendary and glorious life.
Picture | Fan Ming
In May 1938, Zhao Shoushan, commander of the Kuomintang 38th Army, established the 38th Army Teaching Brigade in Sanyuan, Shaanxi Province, and Hao Keyong had deep ties with Yang Hucheng and Zhao Shoushan, so he was organized and sent to the Teaching Brigade as a political instructor. In 1939, the underground working committee of the 38th Army was established, and the main members were only Meng Dingjun, Hu Zhenjia and Hao Keyong.
As a political instructor of the 38th Army's teaching brigade, Hao Keyong's first step was the political education of the 38th Army. Against the backdrop of that complicated era at that time, Hao Keyong used public publications such as Xinhua Daily and Ta Kung Pao to conduct political education for the troops. In addition, Hao Keyong also studied Mao Zedong's "On New Democracy" and other works, summed up teaching materials such as "Where China Is Going" and "Instructions for Communist Party Members", carried out the party's political work during the War of Resistance Against Japanese Aggression, and conducted political education for progressive soldiers and party members in the army.
Under the covert operation of Hao Keyong and others, the number of Communists in the 38th Army grew from more than 20 to more than 630 at the beginning, basically taking over the leadership of the 38th Army.
Pictured| Zhao Shoushan
In fact, Hao Keyong was initially biased toward the Kuomintang, but one of He Jian's operations made Hao Keyong lose confidence in the Kuomintang and turn to the Communist camp.
On December 4, 1914, Hao Keyong was born in Haoxing Village, Lintong County, Shaanxi Province, where the Hao family was also considered a famous and prestigious family, and his father Hao Pengcheng served as a special forces battalion commander under Yang Hucheng, which can be regarded as one of the founders of the Northwest Army, and his brother Hao Kejun was also an important figure in the early Communist Party. Under the influence of such a family of "roots and seedlings", Hao Keyong's young soul had long sown the seeds of revolution.
Since childhood, Hao Keyong has often been called "other people's children" by his parents, and he is known as a "prodigy" with excellent character and learning. At less than 10 years old, he can skillfully recite the Four Books and Five Classics, and he is also very familiar with Tang poems and Song Ci.
Although Hao Keyong's family is superior, but the kind he is very compassionate, often see the situation of "the road has frozen bones", whenever this time, Hao Keyong is very sad in his heart, so he came up with the ideal of learning medicine to save the country, determined to save the life and help the injured.
Pictured| Hao Keyong
For a family like Hao Keyong, studying medicine can be regarded as "not doing the right thing". Since he could not get the support of his parents, Hao Keyong taught himself medical skills, memorized the "Thousand Golden Fangs", secretly ran up the mountain to collect medicine, took it back to study it himself, for a long time, he was really studied by Hao Keyong, and at the age of ten, he could prescribe medicine to the villagers to cure some common diseases, and did not charge medical fees.
Following this path, Hao Keyong is likely to become a well-known divine doctor and a good doctor, and a large part of the reason why he will embark on the road of revolution is related to his brother Hao Kejun.
In 1929, Hao Kejun brought his brother to Shanghai, and by this time Hao Kejun had joined the Chinese Communist Party under the introduction of Deng Xiaoping, serving as a company instructor under Yang Hucheng. Hao Keyong came to Shanghai and was admitted to Jianguo Middle School, in that stormy China, Hao Keyong came into contact with progressive ideas in Shanghai, and also saw the fundamental problems existing in Chinese society, only reform can see hope!
Figure |" After the September 18 incident, the northeast fell
In the early morning of September 19, 1931, Hao Keyong, who was attending classes at Jianguo Middle School, suddenly heard a commotion outside the window, and after a little inquiry, he learned that it was the Japanese who had called, and the three northeastern provinces had fallen!
Although Shanghai is far from the northeast, the northeast is the gateway to China, and at this time the gate is opened, and the Japanese army can easily drive straight into the land of China, causing disaster to all sides. Jianguo Middle School actively responded to the call to resist Japan and established a student union to lead the students to carry out the anti-Japanese salvation movement.
Hao Keyong, a brave and brave young man in the northwest who was full of enthusiasm and brave, actively participated in the activities of the student union, was elected as a member of the student union, served as a picket leader, and joined the local boy scouts.
In November of the same year, Hao Keyong participated in the Shanghai students' petition to Nanjing, asking Chiang Kai-shek to actively resist Japan, and Hao Keyong served as a squadron leader. After Hao Keyong and his party arrived at the railway station, they encountered the Kuomintang's intention to obstruct traffic, resulting in the inability to move the train, and the students waited at the train station for three days, but the train still did not move at all.
Pictured| students march against Japan
In desperation, the students spontaneously organized, jiaotong university and Tongji university students started the train themselves, the train finally successfully left Shanghai, although the way was blocked several times, but still successfully arrived in Nanjing.
When Hao Keyong led the students to Nanjing Xiaguan Station, it was raining in Nanjing, and the gray sky was heavy and pressed down, covering the sun tightly, so that people could not see hope at a glance.
The officers and men went out to stop the students and forbade them to enter the city; under repeated negotiations, only the student representatives were allowed to meet Chiang Kai-shek, and The rest of the people, including Hao Keyong, waited in the rain at the railway station, looking at The QingliangShan in Nanjing under the cover of rain and fog, Hao Keyong felt a lot.
"The wind and rain sprinkled down the pass, and 100,000 students were overwhelmed. The tiger is in the dragon pan in times of national difficulties, and the cool male lion is still asleep. ”
This is a seven-word poem written by Hao Keyong at Nanjing's Xiaguan Station looking at Qingliangshan, and it is precisely the critical moment when the national disaster is at the head, but the "male lion" of Qingliangshan chooses not to resist, which is really chilling!
Pictured| Chiang Kai-shek
On December 2, the students of the petition group entered the city of Nanjing, but instead of letting the students take to the streets to petition, the Kuomintang authorities surrounded them surrounded by gendarmes armed with guns, and the muzzle of their guns was not directed at the anti-Japanese invaders, but directly at the petitioning students.
On December 3, the petitioning students were taken to a school auditorium surrounded by gendarmes on three floors and three floors outside. After waiting for a long time, Chiang Kai-shek finally appeared, and the students clapped when they saw Chiang Kai-shek appear, and Hao Keyong pulled the students around him and did not allow everyone to applaud, because Chiang Kai-shek was not allowed to resist Japan, and Hao Keyong hated him from the bottom of his heart.
The student representatives took the stage and handed over the anti-Japanese petition to Chiang Kai-shek, who took the petition and gave a speech without reading it.
On the podium, Chiang Kai-shek took up the warlord style and said one by one, "Zhongzheng is determined to go north, drive out the Wokou, and regain territory." Next, he criticized the petitioning students, saying that the students were not good at studying and coming to Nanjing to make trouble, and they also said nonsense: "If you want to go outside, you must first make trouble, and Wang Jingwei openly disobeyed in Guangdong and wanted Zhongzheng to go to the wilderness."
Pictured| Chiang Kai-shek delivered a speech
One moment "going north", the next "going down the field", Hao Keyong is not a student who can only read dead books, listening to Chiang Kai-shek's nonsense, his heart is more and more disgusted.
Finally, Chiang Kai-shek summed it up a little, raised his hand and said seemingly heroically:
"Zhongzheng is determined to go north, it is bound to take back the territory, those traitors in Guangdong forced me to go to the wilderness, since I am in the wilderness, where can I go north?" Therefore, at the same time, Zhongzheng made a decision, that is, to vow not to go wild! ”
In short, Chiang Kai-shek said a bunch of big empty words in the clouds, which is also the consistent style of the Kuomintang, never engaging in some practical things, but some white Ding believed his words, and the classmates around him wanted to applaud again, And Hao Keyong stopped him and said: "This is all deceitful nonsense!" ”
After this speech, Hao Keyong deeply realized the style of the Kuomintang authorities in which words and deeds were inconsistent, and from this period onwards, Hao Keyong's disappointment in the Kuomintang and Chiang Kai-shek became even greater.
Figure | Chiang Kai-shek, Character Jieshi
After the "1.28" Anti-Japanese War, Hao Keyong lost contact with his hometown and could not maintain his life, so his brother Hao Kejun took him on a refugee train and did not return to his hometown until March.
There is a very famous red school on Xi'an North Street, Zhongshan Middle School, and Hao Keyong applied for this school and became a third-grade transfer student, which basically belongs to the Communist Party, from the principal down to the teacher, all are Communist Party members.
Shortly thereafter, dai jitao, at the behest of Chiang Kai-shek, suppressed the student movement under the guise of inspecting the northwest, and after coming to Zhongshan Middle School, Dai Jitao asked the school to organize students to give lectures. After Dai Jitao stepped onto the podium, the students asked him: Why didn't Chiang Kai-shek resist and lose the northeast and Shanghai?
Pictured| Dai Jitao
In the face of the students' righteous and stern questioning, he was weak-hearted, and it didn't matter what the northeast was lost, it didn't matter if Shanghai was lost, the students were indignant when they heard his answer that he had lost his national self-esteem, and many people picked up stones and tiles on the ground and threw them at Dai Jitao, and Dai Jitao ran away with his head covered in ashes.
The Shaanxi Provincial Cpc Committee organized students to oppose the traitorous government and launched a demonstration of the students expelling Dai Jitao, and the tall Hao Keyong walked in front of the line with a banner and led the students to resist with the gendarmes.
After this struggle, Hao Keyong completely lost confidence in the Kuomintang and joined the Chinese Communist Youth League instead, starting a new stage of his life. After graduating from Zhongshan Middle School, Hao Keyong once again formed a demonstration group with thousands of Shanghai students to march to Nanjing, but this time the Kuomintang authorities were even more excessive, not only using lime and water dragons to disperse the students, but also arresting and escorting the students back to Shanghai.
Repeatedly frustrated, Hao Keyong realized that only the Communist Party is sincerely committed to serving the people, and only by following the leadership of the Communist Party can we rise up to resist Japan and drive the aggressors out of China completely!
Pictured| Nationalist gendarmes
In 1935, Hao Keyong was admitted to the Salt Tax Police Officers' School run by the Kuomintang Ministry of Finance, which included not only graduates sent by Feng Yuxiangbao to the West Point Army University, but also students who graduated from Zhang Xueliang's Northeast Lecture Hall, including a large number of Communist Party members.
Later, Hao Keyong was assigned to Tianzhu County, Guizhou as the head of the salt tax police detachment, and in the course of a mission, he seized the smuggled salt ship of He Jian, the chairman of Hunan Province, and was therefore hated by He Jian.
After the outbreak of the "Xi'an Incident", He Jian deliberately framed Hao Keyong and suppressed him as "Little Yang Hucheng", and Hao Keyong was forced to join the People's Pioneers and organize the anti-Japanese salvation group "Xia Yi Society".
In 1938, Hao Keyong officially joined the Communist Party of China and came to Zhao Shoushan's 38th Army Teaching Brigade as a political instructor, and from then on Began Hao Keyong's "two-sided career".
Pictured| patriotic general Yang Hucheng
The change in the 38th Army attracted the attention of the Kuomintang authorities, Chiang Kai-shek sent a secret telegram requesting the arrest of Meng Dingjun, Hao Keyong and others, Zhao Shoushan immediately informed Hao Keyong to hide, Hao Keyong hid until March 1941, the situation took a certain degree of turnaround, he returned to the teaching brigade as the captain, and set up a search company, with Hao Keyong as the company commander.
In November 1942, Chiang Kai-shek wanted to take the opportunity to transfer Zhao Shoushan, Zhao Shoushan sensed that the situation was not right, prepared for an uprising, and submitted an application to the organization to join the party.
In December of the same year, Hao Keyong arrived in Shanghai to meet Mao Zedong, who inquired in detail about the work of the underground work committee, agreed to Zhao Shoushan's application to join the party, and arranged a more secure identity for Hao Keyong.
Because Hao Keyong's uncle's surname was Fan, Mao Zedong gave him a name of "Fan Ming", after that, Fan Ming appeared on the stage of history, Hao Keyong once wrote a letter to request the restoration of his original name, but the organization took into account his follow-up work and did not agree, after this, Hao Keyong became Fan Ming!
Pictured| Mao Zedong
Previously, Fan Ming's work was reported by Zhou Enlai and Li Weihan on his behalf, but after this conversation, Fan Ming became the only agent with one-line contact with Mao Zedong, who could directly report the work to Mao Zedong.
In 1943, Fan Ming once again returned to the Thirty-eighth Army and brought back a new code to make direct contact with Mao Zedong. At this time, although the 38th Army was wearing the uniform of the Kuomintang and eating the military food of the Kuomintang, it was actually a progressive and patriotic army led by our party to resist Japan and save the dead, and the 38th Army was very active in the anti-Japanese battlefield, and successively participated in important battles such as Baoding, Niangziguan, Xin (xīn) Kou, and Western Henan.
The 38th Army was developing better and better, and Chiang Kai-shek became more and more uneasy, and appointed Zhang Yaoming, an anti-communist cadre general, as the commander of the 38th Army. As soon as Zhang Yaoming arrived, he took the 17th Division to open the knife, and seeing that the communist forces in the 17th Division were threatened, Fan Ming urgently summoned the underground party members in the army to a meeting to discuss the uprising.
The successful uprising of the 17th Division in Luoning County, Henan Province, was the first reorganization of the Kuomintang regular army before the end of the War of Resistance Against Japan, which had an extremely far-reaching impact on the overall historical process, and subsequently, the 55th Division also revolted in Gongxian County, and merged with the 17th Division into the 38th Army of the Northwest Democratic Coalition Army, becoming part of the Jinji-Hebei Luyu Field Army.
Pictured| Zhang Yaoming
In May 1946, the Thirty-eighth Army, under the leadership of Kong Congzhou and others, revolted, crossed the Yellow River and later arrived in the Liberated Area of Southwest Jin, where it was reorganized into the Thirty-eighth Army of the Northwest Democratic Coalition Army. At this time, Fan Ming, under the command of Zhao Shoushan, the commander-in-chief of the Third Army, disguised himself as a battalion commander and continued to work on the "hidden front".
After successfully completing the united front work against the 38th Army, Fan Ming and Zhao Shoushan left the 38th Army together and returned to Yan'an, and after Mao Zedong saw Fan Ming, he strongly praised "the 38th Army as a model for the united front work of the Communist Party of China."
After graduating from the Party School, Fan Ming became the director of the United Front Work Department of the Northwest Bureau of the CPC Central Committee, still responsible for secret work. In September 1946, Fan Ming contacted Hu Jingduo as a staff officer of the Eighth Route Army and established a party organization in Hu Jingduo's troops. Hu Jingduo, with the help of the Communists, made a long journey through the desert and met Fan Ming at Boluo Fort in Hengshan County, and the two discussed the matters of the uprising and jointly planned the Hengshan uprising.
Pictured| Hu Jingduo
Hu Jingduo and Fan Ming held a meeting for three days and three nights, and then wrote these uprising plans into ten major articles, and after finalizing the time, they called Xi Zhongxun, and the day before the uprising, Xi Zhongxun, Hu Jingduo, and Fan Ming organized their troops and played the banner of the uprising according to the agreement.
In the early morning of October 13, Fan Ming led a reinforced company and more than 50 cadres to plan the uprising, and after everything was ready, Fan Ming waved the banner of the uprising, and Hu Jingduo immediately led the 86th Division of the 22nd Army, plus a new 11th Brigade, a total of more than 5,000 people revolted, which was the famous "Hengshan Uprising".
After the end of the uprising, the rebel troops led by Hu Jingduo were reorganized into the Sixth Cavalry Division of the Northwest Democratic Coalition Army, with Hu Jingduo as the division commander and Fan Ming as the party secretary and director of the political department.
Peng Dehuai called Fan Ming "Hanlin in the army", and when he was the secretary general of the Political Department of the Northwest Field Army, Fan Ming often wrote various important official documents. On the eve of the liberation of Lanzhou, Mao Zedong sent a telegram to Peng Dehuai saying that he must protect and respect the Qinghai Panchen Lama and Gan, as well as the Tibetan people, and make preparations for resolving the Tibet issue.
Pictured| Peng Dehuai
Peng Dehuai entrusted the heavy task of winning over the Panchen Lama to Fan Ming, who was good at political work. From this point of view, Fan Ming is not only a secret agent, but also good at political work, and he is somewhat similar to Premier Zhou, and he is a real all-rounder of literature and martial arts!
In order to accomplish the task perfectly, Fan Ming made a lot of efforts, studied many literature and works, wrote "Heart Warfare" and "Hui Work Manual" and other materials, and strengthened the army's education in ethnic policy.
Under fanming's efforts, the Panchen Lama personally called Mao Zedong and Zhu De, and Mao Zedong called back on behalf of the Central People's Government:
"Mr. Hope and all The Patriots of Tibet will work together to fight for the liberation of Tibet and the unity of the Han and Tibetan people!"
In April 1951, the 13-year-old Panchen Lama, accompanied by Fan Ming, came to Beijing, accompanied by Fan Ming and Li Weihan, and climbed the Tiananmen Tower, where he was received by Mao Zedong. On his return to Beijing, Mao Zedong fully affirmed Fan Ming's contribution and hoped that Fan Ming would learn the Tibetan language within 3 years in order to better carry out the work of Sino-Tibetan unity.
Pictured | Fan Ming with the Panchen Lama
After the agreement on the peaceful liberation of Tibet was reached, Fan Ming led the northwest military region into Tibet, and the whole army, with a total of more than 4,000 people, entered Tibet with more than 8,000 yaks, horses and more than 1,000 camels.
Tibet is high altitude, many soldiers just entered Tibet on the altitude sickness, and when the troops marched to 4500 nautical miles, the severe altitude sickness made the soldiers dizzy and nauseous, breathing difficulties, coupled with the low temperature, many people appeared puffy.
Pictured| PLA soldiers entering Tibet
The fighters broke through all kinds of obstacles and successfully arrived in Lhasa after 4 months, and met the Tibetan compatriots we looked forward to day and night. As soon as Zhang Jingwu, the representative in Tibet, saw Fan Ming, he excitedly shook Fan Ming's hand and said emotionally:
"Comrade Fan Ming, it is really not easy, no army in history has been able to cross the Tanggula Mountain, you have created a miracle, it is really remarkable!"
After Fan Ming's arrival, the CCP set up the Tibet Regional Working Committee, with Fan Ming as deputy secretary, and after the establishment of the Tibet Military Region, Fan Ming served as the first deputy political commissar, and in 1955, Fan Ming was awarded the rank of major general in recognition of his contributions to the Chinese revolution.
Pictured| the 1955 Medal ceremony
Although the enemy cannot see this "hidden front," the Party can see it, the people can see it, and every sacrifice made by the revolutionary martyrs deserves to be remembered by future generations!
During his work in Tibet, Fan Ming resolutely implemented the party's ethnic policy, worked hard and diligently at his post, and did not dare to slack off in the slightest. In order to better carry out his work, Fan Ming united the ethnic minorities and upper echelons of religious circles and formulated the "Opinions on the Question of the Principle of Unifying Tibet," which was fully affirmed by Chairman Mao.
In 1954, Fan Ming submitted a report to the Central Committee on the construction of the Qinghai-Tibet Highway, which was strongly supported by Premier Zhou, and the construction of the Qinghai-Tibet Highway was therefore put on the agenda, opening up a heavenly road for the economic and cultural exchanges of Han and Tibetan compatriots!
In 1980, Fan Ming served as the vice chairman of the Fourth and Fifth Committees of the Shaanxi Provincial Committee of the Chinese People's Political Consultative Conference, resolutely supported the emancipation of the mind of the Party Central Committee at his post, consciously adhered to the party's leadership, and worked hard to realize the province's united front and the cause of the CPPCC. After retiring in old age, Fan Ming still can't sit idle, is willing to burn the last drop of wax tears for the party and the people, actively writes a large number of revolutionary historical materials, and makes great contributions to the preservation of party history!
Pictured| Fan Ming in his later years
In 2001, at the age of 87, Fan Ming was invited back to Lhasa to participate in the commemoration of the "Celebration of the 50th Anniversary of the Peaceful Liberation of Tibet". In Fan Ming's heart, Tibet is like a child of his, in order to make this child better, healthier and faster development, Fan Ming poured a lot of effort, and now finally see the child grow up!
On February 23, 2010, General Fan Ming, 96, died of illness in Xi'an, leaving a generation of people's heroes and leaving his beloved motherland and people.
I would like to commemorate General Fan Ming with this article, and may the heroic souls of the martyrs be immortal!