"Ancient dragon enclave, people feel ruined". Liu Bang, the founding emperor of the Han Dynasty, came out of Pei County in Xuzhou, which was also the seat of the Han Dynasty's divided state of Chu, and during the Western Han Dynasty, a total of 12 generations of Chu kings were sealed in Xuzhou; the Eastern Han Dynasty re-established the sub-feudal state of Chu, and changed the title of Pengcheng State to the second generation. There is also Xiang Yu's place of origin as Xia Xiang, in the southwest of present-day Suqian City, he once established the Western Chu State, known as the Western Chu Overlord. It can be seen that the area around Xuzhou in the Han Dynasty was the birthplace and prosperity of Han culture (Chu Han culture), so some people still call Xuhuai culture "Chu Han culture" or "Han culture".
From a regional point of view, the traditional culture of Xuzhou, Huai'an, Suqian and other regions has both a certain regionality and national (especially the two Han) significance, and is also a valuable resource for building a world-class Han cultural inheritance and innovation base.
Xuhuai area has a long history, with the Neolithic Qinggang culture, Dadunzi culture and even the Xiacaowan newcomer culture about 50,000 years ago as the source, and the local Dongyi culture takes the Fangguo culture of the Dapeng clan and the Xuyi Fangguo culture as the subsystem. Since the Spring and Autumn Period, Chu culture has gradually moved eastward and become the mainstream of culture in Jianghuai and even Huaibei. From the chu-Han rivalry to the establishment of the Western Han Dynasty by Liu Bang, the Han cultural tradition took shape, and later, it further integrated with the local culture of Xuhuai and absorbed the surrounding cultures such as Qilu culture, etc., and the tradition of Han culture gradually fixed and continuously developed, becoming a quite distinctive regional culture in Jiangsu and even Chinese culture.
1 Characteristics of Xuhuai culture (Han culture).
There is a popular proverb in Xuzhou area, "Southern barbarians and northern cognates, Xuzhou refining slag", generally northerners call southerners "barbarians", while southerners call northerners "nephews", "refining slag" is not the meaning of south and not north.
Xuzhou is located in Huaibei, and the historical north and south imperial courts often take the Huai River as the boundary, so the Xuzhou dialect is mostly affected by the Central Plains and Qilu dialects, which makes the Xuzhou dialect reflect both the roughness and straightforwardness of the northerners, as well as the delicacy and subtlety of the southerners. Xuhuai culture (Han culture) has the characteristics of language culture, as well as the characteristics of mentality culture and behavior culture.
■ Indomitable spirit of struggle
The Xuhuai area is located in the lower reaches of the Huai, Si, Yi and Shu river basins, known as the "Flood Corridor". After the Yellow River in the Jin Dynasty conquered Si into Huaihuai, floods continued for hundreds of years, and in the process of fighting floods for thousands of years, the indomitable spirit of struggle of the people in Xuhuai area was cultivated.
The Su Causeway and Yellow Tower in Xuzhou and the Zhenhuai Tower in Huai'an are all witnesses to the history of the Xuhuai people's struggle against floods. In the 10th year of the Northern Song Dynasty (1077), Su Shi was transferred from Mizhou to the prefect of Xuzhou. Soon, the Yellow River broke through at Liaozhou (澶州, in present-day Puyang, Henan), and the flood rushed to the city of Xuzhou, and Su Shi led more than 5,000 migrant workers to strengthen the old embankment. The military and people of Xuzhou fought the flood with one heart and one mind, so that the Yellow River returned to its old way, and finally avoided a catastrophe of flood irrigation, and built a two-story building at the east gate of Xuzhou City to block the flood, named "Yellow House". Su Shi has a poem "Nine Days of Yellow House Composition", and the Qing Dynasty Zha Shenxing Notes Cloud: "The next year when Taishou Su Gong shou Pengcheng, not only will rule the river to change, the people will be reborn, but also because of the repair of his city, the Yellow Tower is above the east gate, thinking that the water is subject to the soil, and the color of the earth is yellow, so it is named Yan." ”
■Shigeyoshi's rustic personality traits
The "Chronicle of the Chronicle of The Chronicle of Cargo Breeding" says that the people of Xudi were "self-satisfied", and the "Sui Book of Geography" says that the people around Pengcheng (Xuzhou) "took charge of the festival and traveled well", which is the expression of the simple style of heavy righteousness.
The "Chronicle of Guan Yanlie" records: "Guan Zhongyue said: 'When I was in trouble at the beginning, I tasted with Uncle Bao Jia, and shared the wealth and profits with myself, and Uncle Bao did not think that I was greedy, and knew that I was poor. From this, there is a story of "Guan Bao Fenjin".
Legend has it that during the Spring and Autumn Period, Guan Zhong and Bao Shuya were doing business in the Xuyi area of Xuhuai, and one day the two found a gold bar together on the road, sat down and waited for the owner, and no one came to claim it until dark. Bao Shuya then cut the gold bar into two pieces, one long and one short, and gave the long one to Guan Zhong, saying: "The Ru family is poor, and it should be more." I am rich, and I deserve less. Guan Zhong sighed, "The parents of those who gave birth to me, and Bao Ziye, who knows me." In the end, neither of them asked for the gold bar, but took the initiative to distribute the gold bar to the people of the nearby village. In order to commemorate the friendship between Guan Zhong and Bao Shuya, the local people established the "Guan Bao Fen Golden Pavilion", which is a microcosm of the simple character of Xuhuai people who have feelings and righteousness and heavy righteousness.
■ A strategist who makes good use of wisdom
"Three Masters of the Early Han Dynasty" - Han Xin, Xiao He and Zhang Liang are his models.
Han Xin (?) –196 BC), a native of Huaiyin (present-day Qingpu District, Huai'an City) in the late Qin and early Han dynasties, was highly recommended by Xiao He and was worshiped by Liu Bang as a general. Since then, he has used his wisdom and strategy to create one brilliant battle example after another: Ming Xiu Zhan Dao, Darkness Chen Cang, and Also Ding Sanqin; Northern Expedition Wei Zhao, backwater deployment, continuous victory; Descending Yan to attack Qi, flooding the dragon and rejecting Chu Fuhan; destroying the items under the banner, achieving great causes, and becoming a veritable generation of "soldier immortals".
Xiao He (?) –193 BC), a native of Pei County (present-day Jiangsu). During the Chu-Han rivalry, he urged Liu Bang to call himself Wang Guanzhong, cultivate his strength, recruit talents, and establish a base area. After becoming the chancellor of Liu Bang, the King of Han, he knew people and was good at his duties, but only he was a move, and "Xiao He Yue chased Han Xin" became a beautiful talk for thousands of years.
Zhang Liang(?) –186 BC), rumored to be the father of the city (southeast of present-day Bo County, Anhui Province), was later hunted down for befriending Assassins to block Qin Shi Huang, and hid in Xia Pi (present-day Suining County, Jiangsu Province), where he repeatedly made strange plans during the Chu-Han conflict, and Liu Bang praised him for "winning thousands of miles away in the midst of planning and planning" (History of Gao Zu Benji).
■ Health concept of health and longevity
Xuzhou, known as Pengcheng in ancient times, is said to have sealed Pengzu here when Yao shi was enshrined, for the great Peng clan state, Xuzhou called "Pengcheng" is from this beginning.
Peng Zu, surnamed 籛名铿, was born in the Xia Dynasty, and as for the 767 years old (eight hundred years old) at the end of the Yin Dynasty, people regard him as a symbol of longevity. Wang Yi's note in "Chu Ci Tianwen" mentions that Peng Zu can make a good dish, and the chicken soup cooked is delicious, and Yao greatly appreciated it after tasting it, so he sealed Peng Cheng to him. Pengzu's "Pheasant Soup Way" gradually developed into "Cooking Way", pheasant soup is the earliest famous dish recorded in China's classics, known as "the first soup in the world".
Ge Hong's "Biography of the Immortals" of the Jin Dynasty is a biography of Peng Zuli, saying that he is "less good and quiet", "only to maintain health and rule the world", and "good at the art of nourishment and guidance". Peng Zu achieved the goal of self-cultivation, health and longevity through ingestion, guidance, qi, cooking, and room surgery.
This ancestor of Pengcheng was quite influential in the Xuhuai area, and after the Tang Dynasty and even today, there are still cultural relics such as Peng Zujing, Peng Zu Temple, and Peng Zu Statue. Tang Dynasty Emperor Furan's "Peng Zujing" poem Yun: "The Shanggong Jing Festival is in Xufang, and the old well is near the dormitory." Visiting Gu Yin zhi Peng's ancestral home, he had to go to Ge Hong Township. ”
According to legend, Peng Zu's famous soups such as pheasant soup, mica soup, sheep square Tibetan fish, and stud fish chicken have been passed down to this day. Xuzhou people inherit Pengzu's concept of "eating health", such as eating Fu sheep on the three volt days, holding folk activities such as "Fu Sheep Festival", folk have "Pengcheng Fu Sheep a bowl of soup, do not use the gods to prescribe medicine", the health concept of health and longevity is continuously promoted in folk activities.
■An eclectic and open attitude
The south of Xuhuai belongs to the Weiyang Cultural District, Ningzhen Cultural District and Wu Cultural District, the southwest belongs to the Jingchu Cultural Area, the north belongs to the Qilu Cultural Area, and the western part belongs to the Central Plains Cultural District.
During the Song Dynasty, Su Shi was the prefect of Xuzhou, and his "Nine Days of Yellow House Works" had clouds in the "poet warrior miscellaneous dragons and tigers, Chu dance Wu song chaotic goose and duck". Liu Bang's "Song of the Great Wind" has the sentence "Ande Fierce Soldier Guarding the Four Directions", obviously, "Fierce Warrior Miscellaneous Dragon and Tiger" symbolizes the heroic wind of Chu Han (Xu Huai).
Chu Dance, Chu Di Dance. Wu Ge, Wu Di folk song. It can be seen that the fusion of Chu han culture, Wu culture and Xuhuai culture can also be seen, and the eclectic and open attitude of Xuhuai culture can also be seen.
■ Majestic Chu Han style
The above aspects are the characteristics of Xuhuai culture (Han culture), but the main feature of Xuhuai culture (Han culture) is the majestic Chu han style.
Xiang Yu once established himself as the king of Western Chu with Pengcheng (present-day Xuzhou) as the capital. At that time, a considerable part of Xuhuai belonged to Western Chu. "Fu from Huaibei Pei, Chen, Runan, Nan County, this Western Chu also." Its vulgar plagiarism is light and easy to get angry. Xiang Yu is a heroic figure of the "Plagiarism" type, and there is a cloud in his "Song of The Descent": "Li Ba Shan Is angry with the world." "Here there is also Liu Bang, the ancestor of Han Gao, who has both strategy and heroism.
Obviously, the main feature of Xuhuai's regional culture is the "Chu Han Heroic Style" with heroism as the mainstay. For example, the Xuzhou Han portrait stone is dignified and simple, unrestrained and rough, and is "a history of the Han Dynasty embroidered" (Zhai Bozan); the Tomb of the Chu King of Xuzhou Lion Mountain and the Han Terracotta Warriors, plagiarized and courageous, show the heroic style of Chu Han more than 2,000 years ago, of which the soldiers of the Han Dynasty have a broad face, a flat forehead, a heavy look, and a heroic and martial personality. The horse figurines of the Han Dynasty, the eyes are like copper bells, the spirit is vibrant, the ears are erect, the shape is like cutting bamboo, the nasal bone is erect and straight, and the muscles and bones are violent. The round abdomen, strong limbs, and curved lips all show the vigorous vitality of the war horse, and are also a vivid embodiment of the "Chu Han Heroic Style".
"Fighting for the rise and fall of the ancient world, Mo will look at Xuzhou." (Ye Daoyuan's "Pengcheng Miscellaneous Songs") Since ancient times, the wars that occurred in Xuzhou have only been recorded more than 200 times, becoming a place where soldiers must fight.
In this place where soldiers and families must fight, there were also many brave and good military talents, such as Liu Yu, the Emperor of the Southern Song Dynasty, whose ancestral home was Pengcheng (present-day Xuzhou). In the last year of the Eastern Jin Dynasty, he sent troops to the Northern Expedition, destroyed the Southern Yan, Later Yan, and Later Qin, and later overthrew the Eastern Jin Dynasty and became the founding emperor of the Southern Song Dynasty.
There was also Guan Tianpei (a native of Shanyang, Huai'an Province), who was then the admiral of Guangdong, who resisted the British army in the Sino-British Opium War, fearless of rape, martyred the country with his body, and was strong in the mountains and rivers; Yang Sihong (Suqian), who was once the admiral of Tainan, fought against the Japanese Kou, stubbornly defended Taiwan, sacrificed his life for the country, and was fiercely ambitious.
The men in the Xuhuai region were good at war, and some women were also women who did not allow their eyebrows to be raised, such as Liang Hongyu, the wife of the famous Southern Song Dynasty general Han Shizhong, and a huai'an person. In the fourth year of the Southern Song Dynasty (1130), Han Shizhong was ordered to lead 8,000 soldiers to guard Jingkou (present-day Zhenjiang) and intercept the 100,000 elite soldiers led by Jin Wushu, the commander of the Jin army. On the day the two armies started the war, Liang Hongyu took the lead as a soldier, climbed the ship tower more than a dozen meters high, braved the stream of arrows, personally beat the drum, commanded the battle, and besieged the Jin soldiers in Huangtiandang for 48 days.
As a characteristic of Chu and Han culture, the strong spirit of Shangwu is contained in various fields of Xuhuai regional culture. For example, martial arts are prevalent here, and it is said that Peng Zu pioneered martial arts culture, and Pengcheng is one of the birthplaces of Chinese martial arts. Folk operas such as Liuqin opera, Huaihai opera, Sizhou opera, etc. all belong to the "Pulling Soul Cavity" series, which is rough and thick, and the momentum is strong. In the traditional repertoire such as Zizi Opera, there are many stories of Shangwu conquest such as "Zhan Luoyang", "Zhan Hongzhou", "She Taijun Fa Bing", etc., accompanied by high-pitched and majestic singing voices that spread throughout the land of Xuhuai.
Another example is food culture, there is "bawang soup" on the banquet of the hotel in Suqian, and there is a "ten-sided ambush" in the two Han cuisines of Xuzhou. There is also a tendency to drink strong liquor and eat spicy food. Stir-fried chicken, to add more peppers, called "spicy chicken"; to make soup, but also spicy, called "spicy soup", the so-called "a bowl of lamb soup, half a bowl of chili oil".
Of course, there are also alternative tones and even negative factors in Xuhuai culture (Han culture), Xuhuai people value their commitments, good shangbin travel, warm hospitality, good liquor, but impatient personality, plagiarism and aggressiveness. However, the character of the common people is bold and straight, and how fast people speak is still the most prominent aspect.
2 In the characteristic cultural innovation of the integration of the past and the present
We must not only maintain the characteristics of Han culture, but also optimize and strengthen the characteristics, build a Xuzhou metropolitan cultural circle with strong competitiveness and radiation in the innovation of characteristic culture, which reflects the heroic style of Chu and Han and modern civilization, and strive to integrate and promote cultural innovation in the Yangtze River Delta.
■ Diversified convergence strategy
Xuzhou is located on the border of Suzhou, Lu, Henan and Anhui, and is located in the intersection area of multiculturalism such as Central Plains culture, Qilu culture, Chu culture, And Wuyue culture, and widely accepts the infiltration of different regional cultures. Therefore, in promoting the construction of the Xuzhou metropolitan cultural circle, we should adopt the strategy of multicultural convergence, inclusiveness, and integration. Of course, in the integration of multiculturalism, we still pay attention to strengthening the characteristics of "Han culture".
At the same time, it should be noted that the cultural radiation of the Xuzhou metropolitan cultural circle is mainly "one point and many lines", that is, the central city of Xuzhou expands its influence to Lianyungang, Suqian, Huai'an, Yancheng and other "points" with multiple radiation lines. This is different from Su Xichang and Nanjing Metropolitan Cultural Circle. The common is to build a large cultural circle in the Yangtze River Delta, the difference is that the Suxi Chang metropolitan cultural circle is centered on Suzhou City, Wuxi City, changzhou City, and this center is "three-point and one-line type", and the influence between them is mutual penetration and mutual promotion.
The Nanjing Metropolitan Cultural Circle is centered on Nanjing City, and its influence on Zhenjiang City, Yangzhou City and Taizhou City in the cultural circle is not only cultural radiation, but also has a strong role in political and administrative power. Therefore, for the "one-point multi-line" radiation line-type Xuzhou metropolitan cultural circle, the strategy of "multiple intersections" should be relatively prominent. This is also more in line with the distribution of Chinese attractions in the Xuzhou metropolitan cultural circle.
For example, pengzu cultural sites, Lion Mountain Chu King Mausoleum and Han Terracotta Warriors, Yunlongshan Han Portrait Stone, Liu Bang's hometown and Gefengtai, etc. are in Xuzhou City; Xiang Yu's hometown and Yanghe wine culture are in Suqian City; Wu Cheng'en's former residence and MingZu Mausoleum are in Huai'an City; Li Ruzhen's former residence, Journey to the West and Huaguoshan culture are in Lianyungang City, and Lianyungang is also a bridgehead of the Silk Road Economic and Cultural Belt; Lu Gong Ancestral Hall (built by Lu Xiufu, a national hero of the late Song Dynasty during the Jiajing period of the Ming Dynasty), The architectural culture of Song Cao's former residence is in the territory of Yancheng, and Yancheng exudes a strong sea salt culture everywhere. The intersection of various cultural attractions in various cities will greatly enrich the connotation of Xuzhou's urban cultural circle.
■ Coordinated development strategy
Xuhuai region is in a critical period of leapfrog development, transformation and development, and the comprehensive construction of a well-off society, and its cultural construction should also be included in the Yangtze River Delta cultural development zone. Xuzhou also has the advantage of being a latecomer in learning from the experience of its predecessors and accelerating cultural construction.
The cultural innovation and development of the Yangtze River Delta, especially the construction of Jiangsu's culturally strong province, must be coordinated development in the Ningzhenyang, Suxichang and Xuhuai regions, and the three major metropolitan cultural circles should start at the same time, echoing the north and the south, joining hands with the strong and the weak, helping the weak to become stronger, and the strong to become stronger.
The construction of the Xuzhou Metropolitan Cultural Circle must proceed from reality, develop cultural undertakings and cultural industries, improve the cultural environment and investment environment according to the cultural resources and comparative advantages of the region, and take the Grand Canal Cultural Belt and the Yangtze River Cultural Belt as the link to communicate and cooperate with the Nanjing Metropolitan Cultural Circle and the Suxi chang metropolitan cultural circle, accelerate the joint development of cultural resources, and make the three major metropolitan cultural circles go hand in hand, develop in a coordinated manner, and jointly constitute a strong culture of the Soviet faction.
■ Key support strategies
The construction of the cultural circle depends on the excavation of internal potential and the promotion of external forces. Among the latter, the guidance and support of higher levels of government are very important. The province should increase its efforts to support the construction of the Xuzhou Metropolitan Cultural Circle, tilt in policies and funds, and help the Xuhuai area build a distinctive Xuzhou Metropolitan Cultural Circle that integrates Chu and Han culture and modern civilization in the early part of this century, and climb to a new level in cultural competitiveness.
In the spirit of courage and openness, we must not only absorb the essence of Western culture useful to Han culture and Chinese national culture, but also carry forward the fine traditions of Han culture and Chinese national culture, so that Han culture and Chinese national culture can gain new development opportunities in the integration with foreign cultures, strive to smoothly realize the modernization of Han culture, Yangtze River Delta culture, and Chinese national culture in the early part of this century, build a world-class Han culture inheritance and innovation base, and build another highland for cultural inheritance and innovation in the Yangtze River Delta. With strong spiritual motivation and strong intellectual support, we will promote the practice of "two firsts" and write a new chapter in the Xuzhou metropolitan cultural circle of the "Chinese Dream".