Emperor Gongren Kang Dingjing of Daming - Zhu Qiyu, second son of Emperor Xuanzong Of Ming, half-brother of Emperor Ming Yingzong Zhu Qizhen, seventh monarch of the Ming Dynasty, era name Jingtai, temple name Ming Dynasty Emperor, reigned for eight years.
Jingtai Nian is a period of great confusion in the hearts of daming people. Beginning with the "change of civil engineering" and ending with the "change of seizing the door", it seems that Zhu Qiyu's imperial career has fluctuated with the "abdication" and restoration of his brother Zhu Qizhen. A "generation" in the temple number seems to have set a gray tone for his life.
Zhu Qiyu like
At the time of the Ming Dynasty's crisis, he replaced his brother to succeed to the throne, and cooperated with Yu Qian and other courtiers to create a brilliant victory in the "Defense of Beijing"; when his power was stable, he let his son replace his nephew's position as crown prince, but a year later he sent the white-haired man to the black-haired man.
Zhu Qiyu, a prince who had never coveted the throne; Emperor Jingtai, a monarch who coveted power and did not want to let go.
< h1 class="pgc-h-arrow-right" > emperor, he didn't think about it</h1>
Zhu Qiyu was born in Xuande three years ago, only one year younger than his older brother Zhu Qizhen. But interestingly, the elder brother was made crown prince after four months of birth, while Zhu Qiyu was only crowned as the Crown Prince after his brother ascended the throne.
Although the innate advantages of the eldest son were unbreakable, and the king's favor for the concubines was also different, Zhu Qiyu was not crowned prince until his brother ascended the throne, which did not look like normal operation.
The Book of Sin gives us a plausible explanation.
Zhu Zhanji like
Zhu Qiyu's birth mother, Wu Shi, was originally the maid of Zhu Gaoxu, the King of Han. After Emperor Xuanzong Of Ming put down Zhu Gaoxu's rebellion, many of the palace people in the Han Dynasty were filled into Zhu Zhanji's harem. It was also at that time that Ming Xuanzong and Wu Shi had such a dewy love affair.
Later, Wu became pregnant and gave birth to a child, because he was originally a person in the residence of the sinner, he was not allowed to stay in the palace, so Wu was fostered by Emperor Xuanzong in a eunuch's house. The son born was Zhu Qiyu, and to put it bluntly, Zhu Qiyu was the illegitimate son of Emperor Xuanzong of Ming outside the palace.
Ten years after Xuande, Ming Xuanzong was seriously ill, and before he died, he called the mother and son who had suffered a bitter fate into the palace, recognized the son in front of the old empress, and asked the mother to take good care of the mother and son. After emperor Xuanzong's death, the old empress dowager fulfilled her promise, and also made Zhu Qiyu the king of Qi, opened a mansion, and ensured that the mother and son had no worries about food and clothing.
Empress Zhang is like
The credibility of this historical document is high.
First, during the Xuande period, the account of Zhu Qiyu in the Ming Shilu was lackluster;
Second, Zhu Qiyu was indeed made the King of Xuande in February of the tenth year of Xuande, and clearly stipulated that he was "the capital of Fengfan";
Third, Emperor Xuanzong of Ming was the son of the Merry Son, but only Empress Sun's son survived in the palace. Considering the bloody cruelty of the concubines in the palace, many of Emperor Xuanzong's heirs were either stillborn or died early, and Zhu Qiyu was able to survive in the end, most likely because he was raised outside the palace.
A view of the Forbidden City
Therefore, it is advisable to give a bold inference: Zhu Qiyu did not live in The Great Interior before the age of 7, and the outside world did not know the existence of such a prince. As a prince with an awkward identity, Zhu Qiyu was never included in the consideration of the selection of the crown prince, and the mother and son did not have their own conditions to affect the situation.
At the age of 7, he was crowned prince, and he could only honestly lead feng lu in the capital. The brother has successfully ascended the throne with the blessing of his grandmother, and began to learn to govern the country under the escort of "Sanyang" and others, which is not a big gap between the brothers. Over time, this gap will only grow.
Therefore, Zhu Qiyu understood that he had never received an education as the heir of the empire, and he should only be an idle prince in this life.
Zhu Qizhen like
When the elder brother decided to personally march on the Northern Expedition, the elder brother asked Zhu Qiyu to supervise the state as an agent of the imperial government, and at the same time took away a large number of important courtiers, which showed that the brother was assured of Zhu Qiyu. This also shows that before the "civil change", Zhu Qiyu never had the ambition to become an emperor.
But God wants to hand over a huge winning "lottery ticket" to his hands.
< h1 class="pgc-h-arrow-right" > emperor, he is very entangled</h1>
On August 15, 1449, emperor Zhu Qizhen of the Ming Dynasty personally led a large army in the Northern Expedition, and on the way back he was attacked by the Mongol Wallachians at Tumu Fort, hundreds of thousands of Ming troops were trapped, more than fifty courtiers died in the rebellion, and Zhu Qizhen himself was taken captive and tied up as a "meat ticket".
The news reached Kyoshi, and the government and the opposition shook.
Worried about her son's safety, Empress Sun sent someone to send the palace treasures to the chief of the Wallachians, Ye Xian, in order to redeem the town of Zhu Qi. He also thought that Zhu Qi town was "strange goods to live in", repeatedly defaulted on the contract, and continued to ask for property with a large opening of the lion. At the same time, everyone recognized a situation in grief and indignation: Emperor Zhu Qizhen could not come back in a short time.
Ming Dynasty official
Zhu Qiyu, who had only experienced the addiction of the country, suddenly had no idea.
A month ago, the Imperial Brother also held a ceremony in front of the Taihe Hall, and the vigorous heroism in the eyes of the Imperial Brother at that time really made him envious. In just one month, things are not human. One by one, the courtiers eagerly gathered outside their palaces, wanting to enter the palace to listen to the news; the empress dowager seemed to be consciously or unconsciously alienating herself, and several times she wanted to enter the palace to ask for peace, but the empress dowager refused.
Zhu Qiyu thought of the recent gossip in the palace, and suddenly turned back to God, is Daming really going to change the sky?
Empress Sun finally stopped the behavior of "throwing money and floating in the water" and began to calm down.
Empress Sun is like
On August 18, Empress Sun issued a decree: Zhu Qiyu, the King of Qi, immediately assumed the place of overseer. Two days later, on August 22, Empress Sun issued another edict: zhu Jianshen (i.e., Emperor Mingxianzong), the eldest son of the emperor, was made crown prince. This year, Zhu Jianshen was less than three years old.
On August 23, Zhu Qiyu presided over the first great pilgrimage meeting since the "Civil Change" to discuss countermeasures. But on August 23, the famous "Noon gate blood case" occurred in history.
When the court meeting turned into a scene of mass beatings, when a large group of dozens of years old ministers rolled up their sleeves, blushed, and burst blood in their eyes to punch and kick Ma Shun, Mao Gui, Wang Chang, and others of Wang Zhen's party, and beat the three people to death alive, Zhu Qiyu's worldview collapsed.
Noon Gate
He knew that no one really took his own prison state seriously, but he didn't expect that this group of civilian officials would dare to do such an extreme thing in the great hall! He wanted to run, but was stopped several times by the courtiers, who demanded in an almost threatening and unreasonable tone that he ordered the withdrawal of Wang Zhenyu's party. If in the end it wasn't for Yu Qian still having a clear mind and playing a round field for everyone, Zhu Qiyu might really scare away Half-Life and even call the guards to come in and "maintain order" when he lost his mind.
On this day, Zhu Qiyu understood a truth: without the suppression of strong imperial power, civilian officials could do anything.
On August 27, Empress Sun's third edict came down again: to crown the official Shangshu Wang Zhi, and to make Libu Shangshu Hu The Crown Prince Taibao and Crown Prince Taifu. Empress Sun was trying to make as much insurance as possible for her grandson's position as crown prince.
And things are gradually beginning to clear. First he made a crown prince, then Zhu Qiyu, the prince of Hao, supervised the country, and then the empress dowager recruited several important ministers to be the honorary teachers of the crown prince, and then it was necessary to determine the new emperor.
Sure enough, on August 29, the group of ministers jointly signed the table and asked the empress dowager to appoint a new monarch. The empress dowager's reply was that Zhu Qiyu, the Prince of Qi, succeeded to the throne.
When Qunchen told Zhu Qiyu about the empress dowager's reply at that time, Zhu Qiyu's reaction was very intriguing. The "Ming Shilu" records Zhu Qiyu's original words at that time: Why did Qing And others have this discussion? What talent and virtue do I have to dare to do this? ...... The crown prince is here, and the secretary of state dares to mess with the law and evil?
Zhu Qiyu Stills
What is Zhu Qiyu's mentality toward ascending the throne? Did he really not want to be emperor? Of course not, when the emperor's throne is within reach, how many people in the world can not be moved? But Zhu Qiyu does have many concerns.
First, the tragic scene of the "Noonday Gate Blood Case" made him vividly remember, and he knew that it was difficult to suppress these courtiers with his qualifications;
Second, Daming's society is in danger at this moment, the Beijing division is empty, and he may go south at any time, and he does not want to be a historical sinner;
Third, the empress dowager is obviously full of contradictions and entanglements about her ascension to the throne, but out of helplessness about the situation;
Fourth, Daming had never had such a precedent for succession before, and Zhu Qiyu's succession was not in line with the etiquette and the throne was unstable.
The first three points are easy for everyone to understand, but the fourth point is the key point. Zhu Yuanzhang's grandson Zhu Yunjiao, and Empress Zhang's support for the nine-year-old Zhu Qizhen to succeed to the throne, in fact, they all followed the provisions of the "Imperial MingXun" in the "Imperial Family Training" of the primogeniture system.
At this time, Zhu Qiyu first had his nephew made crown prince, then let himself supervise the country, and finally reluctantly ascended the throne, which was very changeable in etiquette. Although the prince is young and a mature monarch in this time of crisis is the best choice, how to listen to this is a temporary measure. In fact, Zhu Qiyu's later return to china of his brother Zhu Qizhen and his years under house arrest in the Nangong were all related to this mentality.
But we also said that under such circumstances, Zhu Qiyu's ascension to the throne was completely pushed by the general trend. The empress dowager's compromise, the courtier's recommendation, Zhu Qiyu was completely unqualified to say no. Perhaps he was the first emperor of Daming to sit on the dragon chair with a tangled mentality.
On the sixth day of September in the fourteenth year of orthodoxy, the twenty-two-year-old Zhu Qiyu officially ascended the throne as emperor and changed the year to Jingtai. Next, he will officially start to "wipe his ass" for the mess of the imperial brother.
<h1 class="pgc-h-arrow-right" > emperor, he is not bad</h1>
The first thing that the Jingtai Emperor Zhu Qiyu had to solve was to stabilize people's hearts.
The emperor's brother was captured, Wang Zhen was killed, and through the angry courtiers, he demanded that Wang Zhenyu's party be investigated. Zhu Qiyu knew that many people in Wang Zhen's faction were not wrong, but he had no choice. His own throne was pushed up by this group of people, and when the external troubles were in danger, they could only win over the hearts and minds of the internal people as soon as possible. As a result, Wang Zhen's henchmen who remained in the Beijing Division began to be politically purged.
Then, he had to be prepared to go south first. He really had no one to use, because the Imperial Brother Imperial Guard had taken away a group of backbones of the imperial court, and those who remained in the Beijing Division were either young in seniority, or they were very senior and too old, and many of them still relied on the old and sold the old at all.
Then use the new one, boldly.
Yu Qian, a military attendant who had only been recalled to Beijing for thirteen years, became his life-saving straw. Yu Qian attracted everyone's attention in the "Noon gate blood case" and his opposition to the relocation of the capital. Coupled with the death of the original military department Shangshu Kuang, now the imperial military department understands military affairs, and the level of people is enough, only he is left.
Yu Qian did not disappoint everyone. Zhu Qiyu turned on the green light all the way, and the courtiers also knowingly put away the ability to fight in the nest, allowing Yu Qian to let go of his hands and feet and do a big job. Yu Qian reorganized the Beijing army, ordered the local troops to enter the capital Qinwang, renovated the defense facilities of the Beijing Division, and coordinated the redeployment of grain and grass, and in just over a month, the people's hearts and minds of the Beijing Division began to settle down.
Yu Qian
In October of the fourteenth year of orthodoxy, the Wallachians appeared on the outskirts of Beijing, and the "Defense War of Beijing" officially began.
When the Ming army on the walls of Beijing began to fire at the Wallachian cavalry, Zhu Qiyu paced back and forth in the palace nervously. This was a war that determined the fate of the dynasty, and it was also the "debut" after Zhu Qiyu came to power. Although yu qian and others had personally watched Yu Qian and others strengthen the defense force of the Beijing Division little by little for more than a month, he had never experienced war, and his heart was still bottomless.
At the same time, he had some small expectations, an expectation that could not be known: his imperial brother was now in the position of the Ming army defending the city and the Wala army, and was within the range of the Ming army's artillery fire...
Ming Army Picture Scroll
This rather uplifting defensive battle ended with a great victory for the Ming army. When the news of the first retreat reached the city, the people of the whole city boiled over, and after congratulating themselves for witnessing the shameful feats of the Ming army, they began to look back in the direction of Miyagi. I don't know who was the first to kneel, more and more people knelt down towards the imperial city, and finally converged into a loud mountain cry, resounding over the city of Beijing.
On this day, Zhu Qiyu's personal prestige reached its peak. After all, a near lord who saved jiangshan and sheji, and a distant lord who did not listen to persuasion and threw away the main force of Daming, the near lord is so cute and so loved from the heart.
The victory in the defense of Beijing laid the most solid foundation for Zhu Qiyu to sit firmly on the throne. It was from this day that he finally had a feeling of "destiny" and began to have the courage to exercise this imperial power.
Speaking from the heart, this emperor, Zhu Qiyu, is still quite qualified. In his eight years in power, he still did some things.
He used a group of Qingliu officials like Yu Qian, the so-called Qingliu is an official with a relatively clean foundation, not too many involved in partisanship, and a personal focus that is biased towards doing things. This group of officials swept away the pickles of infighting in the imperial court in the orthodox years and enhanced the overall vitality of Daming.
Of course, in order to stabilize people's hearts, for some senior courtiers, Zhu Qiyu still focused on appeasement. It turns out that the effect of appeasement is good, and between the monarchs and courtiers, on the surface, there is still a relatively harmonious atmosphere. However, it was precisely the pacification of the old civilian-official clique that laid the unstable factor for the subsequent "change of seizing the door".
Militarily, Zhu Qiyu no longer ventured forward, especially after the "Defense of Beijing", he repeatedly rejected the offer of Yu Qian and other hawks to take the initiative to attack the north. Zhu Qiyu proved to be wise, and later there was serious infighting within the Mongols on the steppe, allowing Daming to regain the initiative in the Ming-Mongolian relationship.
Ming Dynasty city map
Zhu Qiyu reduced taxes in the disaster-stricken areas, stopped royal procurement, and vigorously developed the economy and people's livelihood; he sent Xu Youzhen to the localities to govern the river, and achieved remarkable results; he used Wang Ao, which dealt with the affairs of the ethnic groups in the southwest for a long time, suppressed and used them together, and restored regional stability; and there was also the "Huanyu Tongzhi", which can be called the general local history of the Ming Dynasty.
In the eight years of the Jingtai period, Zhu Qiyu could be regarded as diligent in government for the people in the early and middle periods, which basically allowed Daming to get out of the shadow of "civil change" and gave a shot of strengthening the people's national confidence. In this alone, he lived up to his imperial duties.
<h1 class="pgc-h-arrow-right" > emperor, he was not willing</h1>
Despite the many political achievements mentioned above, many of the attention paid by later generations to Zhu Qiyu still stayed on two labels - prisoner brother, Yi Chu.
The throne, the greatest gift zhu Qiyu received in his life; the throne, the nightmare that Zhu Qiyu could not escape in his life.
After the defense of Beijing, he also sent emissaries to Beijing with the intention of seeking peace, and the words had the meaning of releasing his brother Zhu Qizhen and returning to China. The courtiers showed great enthusiasm for welcoming Zhu Qizhen back to China, but this enthusiasm deeply stung Zhu Qiyu.
Zhu Qizhen Stills
In fact, Zhu Qiyu and the courtiers were not wrong.
Zhu Qiyu was very aggrieved, obviously I led Daming to achieve a major military victory, why did everyone become so excited when they mentioned that my brother was going to return to the dynasty? Immediately after that, Zhu Qiyu would issue a soul torture question: What is inferior to the Imperial Brother?
The courtiers' ideas were also simple. Daming had just experienced a "Jing Kang shame" similar to the Song Dynasty, and the emperor was taken captive. It is hard to win the battle, and do not save the emperor who was taken captive? Since childhood, education has told these literati to be loyal to the king and love the country, and Zhu Qizhen is also an emperor even if he is the "Emperor Taishang"; moreover, this kind of thing that has left his name in history cannot be encountered by others, and now it is difficult for the ancestral tomb to smoke and meet, and he has not tried his best to match it.
Finally, the courtiers also knew that emperor Taishang had come back to make Zhu Qiyu worry about his throne, but in the end, this was all a family affair of your old Zhu family, and in the end, Daming or Daming, we were still the officials of your Zhu family.
So Zhu Qiyu did not understand the courtiers, and the courtiers understood Zhu Qiyu but could not do it, and things began to change.
In the first year of Jingtai, Zhu Qizhen was released. Although the courtesy of receiving the driver was reduced and reduced, Zhu Qizhen was back after all. Following the changing route into the city, the brothers finally met at the Donghua Gate of the Imperial City.
Zhu Qiyu saw that his brother's much thinner figure slowly appeared in front of his eyes, and the original abdominal draft could not say a word. The wind and sand of the grassland made his brother's handsome face a little more rugged, and when he looked at his brother, there was a little evasion in the eyes of the other party. Zhu Qiyu, who had become a monarch, understood that in this dodge, there was shame, helplessness, and happiness, and even an emotion that only the two brothers understood and could not be understood by outsiders.
The history books record that the two held hands and shed tears, and at this moment, I believe that Zhu Qiyu's return of his brother is an outpouring of true feelings and is dominated by family affection. But only now and now.
Zhu Qiyu placed his brother in the Nangong, after which he was placed under house arrest for cutting off all external ties. Everyone said that Zhu Qiyu abused his brother, but he did not know that during the seven years of house arrest, his brother had several children, and the men were all knighted by Zhu Qiyu. In Jing Tai Nian, Zhu Qiyu himself did not have a son born.
Zhu Qiyu, who had not experienced court life, still had a good heart of folk in the end. Otherwise, at the time when the "chemical process" of the Ming Dynasty court was highly developed, it was completely possible to let my brother die "reasonably". Just like I have always suspected that Zhu Qiyu's final death was his brother's manipulation.
There is also easy storage.
From Zhu Qiyu's point of view, I have a son myself, and now that I hold real power, why should I pass the throne to my nephew in the future? Do you think there's anything wrong with this idea? No problem at all. To be emperor, it is you who want me to do it, I do it; I think I am not doing badly, why can I only live in the shadow of my brother forever, including my heirs!
Therefore, Zhu Qiyu wanted to change the prince. He deposed empress Dowager Yuan, sent "bribes" to the ministers of the DPRK and China, installed foreign relatives into the intelligence and military systems, and even cheekily borrowed a letter from a criminal minister to find a reason for himself to "open a regiment". Then everyone scolded him, scolded him for not knowing the favor, scolded him for coveting the throne, and called him stupid and ridiculous.
Zhu Jianshen is like
Alas, it seems that scolding Zhu Qiyu has become a fashion, a trend, but no one is willing to face his grievances and indignation.
In April of the third year of Jingtai, Zhu Qiyu officially put the replacement of the prince on the agenda. The courtiers agreed at that time, and they all signed the "petition", including Hu Qian, Wang Zhi, Yu Qian, Shang Luo, Li Xian, Wang Ao, Wang Ji and so on.
In May of the third year of Jingtai, the former crown prince Zhu Jianshen was deposed, and Zhu Qiyu's son Zhu Jianji was made crown prince. Isn't this a manifestation of Zhu Qiyu's superb political skill?
It is only ironic that in November of the fourth year of Jingtai, the crown prince Zhu Jianji, Xue.
Dragon chair
The young man was in a hurry, and the war in the southeast was not over. Who are the heroes of the world? Cao Liu! Having a son should be like Sun Zhongmou.
Zhu Qiyu may ask, what is the significance of doing this? That is, from that time on, Zhu Qiyu began to gradually live in simplicity, and a large group of singers and singers slowly gathered around him.
In the first month of the eighth year of Jingtai, Zhu Qiyu was seriously ill. In the same month, his brother Zhu Qizhen launched the "Change of Seizing the Door" and re-established the throne. On February 17, Zhu Qiyu died of unknown cause, at the age of more than 29.
< h1 class="pgc-h-arrow-right" > concluded</h1>
About Zhu Qiyu, all I want to say is here. The "Emperor Gongren Kangdingjing" at the beginning of the article is actually the title given to him later by Emperor Mingxianzong Zhu Jianshen, and his nephew Zhu Jianshen was finally willing to rehabilitate this uncle, which also shows that Zhu Jianshen was still taken care of by Zhu Qiyu when he was young.
The emperor of the feudal dynasty, the disadvantages of not having a son, you can see it, one of them is the name behind him, let others write, no one will help you take the initiative to say good things. In the same situation, there was another Daming, that is, the later Ming Wuzong Zhu Houzhao.
history
After Zhu Qiyu's death, his brother actually completely denied everything about Jing Tai Nian. Meritorious government affairs and the like will not be said, just talk about people. Zhu Qiyu's mother, Wu Shi, was also honored as empress dowager after Zhu Qiyu ascended the throne, but was demoted to the rank of "Concubine Xuanmiao" by her brother, and was sent to the Cold Palace with reduced political treatment; Zhu Qiyu's two empresses, empress Wang, who opposed Yi Chu, were later taken care of, while Empress Hang, Zhu Qiji's biological mother, although she had died, was still destroyed and her throne revoked.
People take tea cold, this is the truth.
Talk about the family, talk to relieve boredom.
Asahi Twilight, exclusive original.