In the history of the Northern Song Dynasty, there were two deposed empresses, one was Empress Guo of Emperor Renzong of Song, and the other was Empress Meng of Zhao Xu (formerly known as Zhao Maid) of Emperor Zhezong of Song.
Empress Guo was deposed 2 years after her dethronation. Empress Meng, in the Biography of The Later Concubines of Song, said that because she was deposed of the empress title, she was lucky not to be abducted by the Jin people in the "Jing kang change". After the establishment of the Southern Song Dynasty, Emperor Gaozong of Song honored Empress Meng as "Empress Longyou".
At that time, those who had the title of the sixth house all moved north, and then they were abolished and survived alone.
- "History of the Song Dynasty, Vol. 243, Liechuan II"
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Empress Meng was a native of Puzhou, Hebei. On the seventh day of April in the seventh year of the Yuan Dynasty (1092), Meng shi was elected empress of Song Zhezong. This is what Zhezong's grandmother, Empress Gao, meant.
Xia April, he was created empress dowager.
- "History of the Song Dynasty, Volume XVII, 17th Book of the Book"
According to the Biography of The Later Concubines of the Song Dynasty, Empress Meng was the granddaughter of Meng Yuan, "the defensive envoy of Meizhou, the majun du Yuhou, and the gift of taiwei". Therefore, many people now believe that Meng Yuan is the grandfather of Empress Meng. However, an edict included in the "Continuation of the Zizhi TongjianChang" records that Meng Yuan was Empress Meng's great-grandfather. Meng Sui was Empress Meng's grandfather. Empress Meng's father was named Meng Zai.
Empress Great-grandfather gave Taishi Meng Yuan the title of Duke of Wen, and great-grandmother gave Shu Guotai's wife Fan Shi the cai kingdom. Zu gave the inspection school Taifu and Anhua military festival envoy Meng Sui, changed the Huai Kang army festival envoy, Kaifu Yi Tongsan Division, and grandmother gave Tan Guo's wife Zhang Shi to change the country, and gave The Sui Guo's wife Liu Shi to change the country. Father Rongzhou Thorn History, Lifting The Taiyi Palace and JiXiguan Gong Meng Zai, Jia QingChe Du Wei, Five Hundred Households, Mother Rongguo Lady Wang Clan Posthumously Honored Lady Qingguo.
—— "Continuation of the Zhizhi TongjianChang, Vol. 479"
Empress Meng was 3 years older than Emperor Zhezong of Song. Jeongjong was born on December 7, 1076, in the ninth year of Xi Ning. If calculated in this way, Empress Meng should have been born in the sixth year of Xi Ning (1073).
In February, the empress dowager began to announce yun: Recently selected nine families and ten daughters, but the Meng family is the most capable, but three years older, but the age is not enough.
——" The Chronicle of the Emperor Song Dynasty, Vol. 113
Emperor Zhezong of Song was the 6th son of Emperor Shenzong of Song (xū), and his biological mother was Princess Zhu of the De dynasty. On the fifth day of March in the eighth year of Yuanfeng (1085), Emperor Shenzong of Song died at the age of 38 (virtual), and on that day, Zhao Xu, who was only 10 years old (virtual), succeeded to the throne, that is, Song Zhezong. Because Emperor Zhezong was still young, his grandmother, Gao Taotao, who was revered as the empress dowager, bowed to the government.
Gengzi, Empress Dowager Emperor, Empress Dowager, Empress Dowager, Anderson Zhu. He appointed wang Jue as an envoy to the mountain. Jia Yin, with the help of his courtiers, began to listen to the government with the empress dowager.
On the third day of september in the eighth year of the Yuan Dynasty (1093), the 62-year-old Empress Gao died of illness, and the 18-year-old Song Zhezong was able to take the government personally.
In September, the empress dowager collapsed.
After Emperor Zhezong of Song came to power, he vigorously suppressed the conservative "Yuanyou Party members" who were reused by Empress Gao, and revived the "Yuanfeng Party members" who supported Wang Anshi's change of law.
At the same time, the situation in the harem is also changing.
Less than one year after Empress Gao's death, in April of the first year of Shaosheng (1094), Emperor Zhezong of Song made Liu the Prince of Pyeongchang. In May of the second year of Shaosheng (1095), Emperor Zhezong of Song promoted Liu Shi to a beauty, and in October of the same year, he also named her a concubine. The speed of this promotion is quite fast.
Empress Dowager Zhaohuai of the Liu clan was given to Taishi and the daughter of Wang Ancheng of Dongping Commandery. When he first entered the palace, he was a royal attendant. In April of the first year of Shao Sheng, he was enfeoffed as the Junjun of Pyeongchang, and in May of the second year, he entered the beauty and in October he entered the concubine.
- "Song Hui Wants to Compile a Manuscript of Hou Concubine I"
Empress Meng and Liu Jieyu did not get along particularly well. The "Supplement to the Compilation of the Commander of the Continuing Zizhi Tongjian" contains a past recorded in the "Zengbu Rilu".
It is said that once after the pilgrimage to the Jingling Palace, Empress Meng sat down, and the other concubines all respectfully stood on the empress's left and right to serve, only Liu Jieyu, with her back to Empress Meng, stood under the curtain with her own care. A maid named Chen Ying'er, who was beside Empress Meng, rebuked Liu Jieyu loudly, but Liu Jieyu did not take it seriously at all.
At the beginning, after the pilgrimage to the Jingling Palace, when the concubines sat down, the concubines all stood up as attendants, and Liu Jieyu stood alone under the curtain, and all the concubines were angry. Chen Ying'er, a person in the hougu, drank: "Kai Kai! "The back of the concubine stands as usual. Greeting the child retreating, there are uneven words, and thus all the people in the bowl are angry.
—— "Continuation of the Zizhi Tongjian Commander Compilation and Supplement, Volume XIII"
Chen Ying'er, who reprimanded Liu Jieyu, later ordered someone to beat her on the back and drive her out of the palace. The reason is that Emperor Zhezong believes that Chen Ying'er's constant manipulation of right and wrong has made Empress Meng hate Liu Jieyu.
First, the Emperor said, "The one who began with Chen Ying'er, who was created as a language, provoked the Middle Palace." Everybody knows, "Yes." Shang: "The rod ridge has been swept away." ”
Liu Jieyu also overtook the system and used the empress seat.
It is said that one year on the winter solstice, Empress Meng and others went to see Empress Dowager Xiang, the mother-in-law of Emperor Zhezong, and in the process of waiting, Empress Meng sat on a special chair for the empress decorated with red lacquer and gold paint. And Liu Jieyu also asked someone to move a chair of the same style to sit on. Some people were not accustomed to Liu Jieyu's behavior, deliberately shouted "The emperor is too late", took advantage of the opportunity of everyone to get up, and sucked away Liu Jieyu's over-regulated chair. When Liu Jieyu sat down again, she directly fell to the ground. To this end, Liu Jieyu specially ran to cry to Song Zhezong. The internal servant Hao Sui advised her: As long as the crown prince is born as soon as possible, won't the empress's seat be in hand?
On the winter solstice, it will be seen in the Longyou Palace. The queen sits on the gold ornaments of the vermilion, the system of the palace, but the queen is obtained. Liu Jieyu sat in him, the image was quite intimidating, and his practitioners were easy to sit, and the system was waiting for him. Everyone looked sideways, and there were those who could not be even, so it was said that "the empress dowager is out!" "After standing up, The Concubine also stood up, looking for each other's places, or having sat down on the ground. Jie Yu was afraid to return to the dynasty, and wept away, and complained to the above. When the waiter Hao was in use, he said, "Don't be related to this." May I have children for everyone as soon as possible, and this sitting should eventually be for the concubine to have ears. ”
The above story, according to the record, is that on the seventh day of the eighth month of Shaoxing (1138), when a certain revisionist met with Emperor Gaozong of Song, Emperor Gaozong said that he had listened to Empress Meng's own words.
From the "winter solstice day" to "the final should be a concubine with ears" has been on, the department of cultivation of the minister, Shaoxing eight autumn August 7, his majesty heard, the current emperor of the holy edict and Zhaoci Holy Sacrifice empress slander very well known, such as easy to sit on the matter, are Zhaoci personally said.
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In September of the third year of Shaosheng (1096), Empress Meng's only daughter, Princess Fuqing, died prematurely. On September 30, Emperor Zhezong of Song issued an edict saying that Empress Meng was "confused and evil, and conspired to seduce", and after investigation, the testimony was credible, and after review, there was no mistake, so Empress Meng was deposed and lived in Yaohua Palace.
Bing Chen, Yu Yan and Dian, see the consul of Zai Chen, the edict said: "Empress MengShi, who is confused by evil words, who is conspiratorial and flattering, who is obedient to the investigation, who is very clear, who is imprisoned, who is not happy to overturn the case." The night is mournful, the sleep is quiet, and it is difficult to be selfish and bend to righteousness. Bowing to the two palaces of cixun, Gong yuyin, lost De Ruosi, in the future, how to be the mother of all nations, the temple of The Chengzong? Can be on the Empress Treasure Book, abolished yaohua palace, given the title of Huayang Sect Master, Yuqing Miao Jing Immortal Master, given purple, the name of the law Chong Zhen. Their residence, accounting, taking, giving, and so on, should be generous. The meaning of the treatment is always treated. ”
The cause of Empress Meng's depose was her adoptive mother, Yan Shi, who, together with Nefaduan and the worship official Wang Jian, did the ritual of asking for the blessing of Empress Meng, and as a result, she was told to Zhezong that they were practicing "witchcraft", and Zhezong sent someone to arrest these 3 people for interrogation. The result of the interrogation was that Fa Duan and Wang Jian not only prayed for the blessing of Empress Meng, but also asked Wang Jian to find a charm medicine and "want" Empress Meng to wear it to serve Zhezong; Empress Meng's adoptive mother, Yan Shi, also put the rune paper ash into Zhezong's tea, but Zhezong did not drink it at that time; Yan Shi also sprinkled water on the imperial road that Zhezong walked, which is said to allow Zhezong to come to the empress palace more; Yan asked Wang Jian to draw a portrait of Liu Jieyu and nail a large nail; and also "desire" Put the ashes of the palace people who died of lung disease in mid-May in Liu Jieyu's palace, so that Liu Jieyu will die of lung disease, and so on.
Firmly sit in the family treasure thunder formula to show the Fa end, and then with the obtained southern maple wood, the same Fa duan, that is, the GuangjiaoYuan style as a post-prayer temple, there are words such as "those who are disgusted, those who ask" and so on, the formula is completed, afraid of the door a few times, with raw dates to cover it. Dharma-duan sits with Jian Tongzuo, and also tries to make Jianqiu Lu Alley, the so-called donkey colt (jū) charm, snake fog, kowtow worm, want to enter the post, so that Pei waiters go to the sleeping hall. Yan Shi sat up and burned the ashes, and put it in the tea to enter, and did not want the tea to stop, and then used water to sprinkle the royal path, and counted it; and ordered Jian to paint the image of Liu Jieyu and nail his heart with a big nail; he also wanted to take the secret ash burned by the people of the dead palace in the middle of May (zhài), put Liu Jieyu in bed, and died of several diseases; and took seven needles and placed one burning symbol in Liu Jiao, all of which were bored.
At that time, most of the officials in charge of sentencing believed that Yan and others would not die for their crimes, because there were several so-called "witchcraft" that were not carried out, but at ZengBu's insistence, Yan, Faduan, and Wang Jian were all sentenced to death.
If the case is lowered to the three provinces and the Privy Council, (Chapter) will be in power, Li Qingchen, Zeng Bu, Xu Jiang, Cai Bian, and the criminal department official Xu Duo will be discussed, or the Lei formula has not been completed, so as to make it inferior to the law, and the tea has not been advanced, I am afraid that it will not be punished. Zeng Buyi: "Donkey charm, snake fog, is it not successful?" "Jué is unanimous. Boo still commands the judge, but keeps the law. The judge then enforced the death of all three men.
Empress Meng's version of telling her nephew Meng Zhonghou was that during that time, Princess Fuqing fell ill, and Empress Meng's sister brought the Taoist Fu Shui into the palace to treat the little princess. Song Zhezong also knew that there was such a thing, and only said a sentence, "This is also the common ear of human feelings", and did not cure Empress Meng's sin.
Princess Huifuqing fell ill, and after a sister, She, who was quite knowledgeable about medicine, tasted a critical illness and went in and out of the court for this reason. Throwing the princess medicine is effective, it is to take the Taoist healing spell water to enter the palace. After the 㜮 to show it, the post-discoloration asked, "Why did this come from here?" " 㜮對 Esoteric. Later, he said, "The sixth sister Ning does not know that the middle prohibition is tight, and the outer house is different from the yah? "The precepts remain, and the precepts are the same as the words." Having already seen the princess's illness, he specially reported it to him, saying: "This is also the common ear of human feelings." "After that, the symbol is taken from the front. The palace is forbidden to pass on, and the end of the disgust is done.
After Empress Meng was deposed, more than two years later, on the eighth day of the eighth month of the second year of Yuan Fu (1099), Liu Shi, who had become a concubine from Jie Yu, gave birth to the emperor's eldest son for Song Zhezong. On September 27 of the same year, Liu Zhi was made empress by Emperor Zhezong of Song.
On the 26th day of The 26th month of Liu's reign as empress, her son died prematurely. Emperor Zhezong of Song posthumously gave his son the name "Zhao Mao" (赵茂) and posthumously honored him as the King of Yue (越王), with the courtesy name "Chong Xian".
Crown Prince Xue quit the dynasty for three days, and did not care about things for three days. Posthumously bestowed on Mingmao, gave Taishi and Shang Shuling, posthumously awarded the title of King of Yue, and posthumously honored Him.
—— "Continuation of the Zhizhi TongjianChang, Vol. 516"
Two days later, on the 29th of September, Princess Yining, the fourth daughter of the Emperor born to Liu, also died prematurely, only 3 years old.
The fourth daughter of the emperor, Princess Yining, died at the age of three, and was posthumously awarded the title of Princess of the State of Wei, born to Empress Liu.
In this way, only one eldest daughter of the Liu clan, who was born on June 25, 1096, the third daughter of Emperor Zhezong, was still alive. The princess was not taken captive to the Jin Dynasty during the Jingkang Rebellion, and later fled to the south, where she lived until the second year of Longxing (1164), at the age of 69.
Song Zhezong, who had lost 1 son and 1 daughter in succession, also fell ill on the fourth day of the first lunar month in the third year of Yuan Fu (1100), so that he could not ascend to the court.
In the spring of the third year, the emperor was ill and did not look at the dynasty.
- "History of the Song Dynasty, Volume XVIII, Benji XVIII"
On the twelfth day of the first month, Song Zhezong died at the age of 25 (virtual).
Because Emperor Zhezong of Song had no sons, Emperor Zhezong's mother-in-law Made the Emperor's mother-in-law Empress Dowager Xiang and let Emperor Zhezong's half-brother Zhao Yi succeed to the throne, which was Emperor Huizong of Song. Although Emperor Huizong was already 19 years old at the time, Empress Xiang still handled the affairs of the military state.
He,D., Emperor Beng. The empress dowager decreed that the emperor and the empress dowager would be in front of the coffin, and the empress dowager would also be responsible for military and state affairs.
- "History of the Song Dynasty, Volume XIX, Benji Xix"
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In the third year of Yuan Fu (1100), on the tenth day of May, Empress Xiang restored empress Meng's title and made her "Empress Yuanyou", while Empress Liu of Zhezong was given the title of "Empress Yuanfu".
Bing Zi, after the restoration of the Meng clan as Empress Yuanyou.
However, with empress dowager Xiang's death on the thirteenth day of the first month of the first year of the Jianzhong Jingguo (1101), Emperor Huizong of Song also began to reuse the "Yuanfeng party members" who supported Wang Anshi's change of law, and severely suppressed the "Yuanyou party members" who opposed the change. This in turn affected Empress Meng.
On October 23 of the first year of Chongning (1102), Emperor Huizong of Song deposed Empress Meng and sent her back to Yaohua Palace.
Jia Shu (甲戌), with the words of Yushi Qiansuo, Shi Yu, Zuo Fu, and his assistant ministers Cai Jing, Xu Jiang, Wen Yi, Zhao Tingzhi, and Zhang Shangying, deposed Empress Yuanyou and returned to Yaohua Palace.
Empress Liu of Zhezong was once honored by Emperor Huizong as "Empress Chong'en", but because Liu gradually wanted to meddle in political affairs, Emperor Huizong of Song consulted with his assistants to find a reason to depose her. However, in the ninth day of February in the third year of Zhenghe (1113), the 35-year-old Liu Clan "collapsed" and died because he was forced to commit suicide.
Emperor Zhezong, Qu Jia Enli, later thought that he was quite involved in foreign affairs, and he was not careful. The emperor and his vassals discussed that they would be abolished, and then they were forced by the left and right, that is, the curtain hook broke down by itself, and the Chinese New Year's Eve five.
Since everyone was already dead, Emperor Huizong of Song still gave her the treatment she deserved after her death, and she was given the title of "Empress Zhaohuai".
Fast forward to December of the first year of Jing Kang (1126), Empress Meng, who had lived in Yaohua Palace for 24 years, moved to Yanning Palace.
On the eighteenth day of December, the people of Zhaoyaohua Palace moved to Yanning Palace.
- "Jing Kang ZhiLu Volume 10"
On February 28, 1127, the second year of Jing Kang(1127), Yanning Palace caught fire. At that time, the Northern Song Dynasty had already perished, and no one cared about Empress Meng's life or death, and Empress Meng, who had escaped from the fire, had nowhere to go, so she quietly returned to the Meng family's private residence.
On February 28, when Baokang Men Liwazi was burning along the street West Yanning Palace, the empress dowager rushed to the south of the Tianhan Bridge to meet the Xiandian, and the door was hung to avoid it, and moved to the west of the Guanyin Temple.
- "Three Dynasties Northern League, Volume 90"
Those who knew that Empress Meng lived in Yanning Palace thought that she had been killed in the fire, and in addition, she was only the abolition of the former dynasty and did not attract the attention of the Jin people.
Jing Kanghou recorded: Empress Yuanyou lived in Yaohua Palace for nearly twenty years, and the Jin people broke the city and moved into the old city. Yanning Palace Fire, from the East Wazi through the fifth floor to return to the private. When the empress dowager escaped, people did not know that she was unharmed, so the Jin people left it alone.
On the seventh day of March in the second year of Jing Kang (1127), the Jin people established Zhang Bangchang as emperor, with the national name "Dachu".
In March, the Jin people made Zhang Bangchang emperor and called Dachu.
- "History of the Song Dynasty, Vol. XXIV, Benji XXIV"
In April of the second year of Jing Kang (1127), after the Jin people had retreated, Zhang Bangchang heard that Empress Meng was safe and sound, so he welcomed Empress Meng from the Private Residence of the Meng family into Yanfu Palace. Subsequently, Empress Meng was revered as "Empress Yuanyou" and was incorporated into the palace to listen to the government.
Zhang Bangchang was honored as Empress Dowager Song and was welcomed to Yanfu Palace and was subject to the Hundred Officials Dynasty. Hu Shunzhi and Ma Shen also said that political affairs should take the latter order. Bang Chang was reinstated as Empress Yuanyou, and was welcomed into the forbidden place, and listened to the government.
On the first day of May in the second year of Jing Kang (1127), zhao zhao (the 9th son of Emperor Huizong of Song), who was not exiled to the Jin dynasty, followed empress Meng's wishes, that is, the emperor's throne, was for Emperor Gaozong of Song, and changed the yuan to Jianyan, establishing the Southern Song dynasty, and Empress Meng was also honored as "Empress Yuanyou" (later changed to "Empress Dowager Longyou"), and in this year, Empress Meng was 55 years old.
When the king went to Nanjing, (Meng) sent the emperor Shi Shi (niǎo) and the internal attendant Shao Chengzhang (邵成章), feng Guibao, Chengyu (增舆), and yuying, the king was the emperor, changed the yuan, (Meng) later withdrew the curtain on the day, and honored the empress dowager as empress dowager Yuan. Shang Shu Province said that the word "Yuan" violated the ancestral name of the empress, please take the name of the palace where you live, and then call it Empress Longyou.
Empress Meng finally died on April 14, 1131, the first year of Shaoxing , at the age of 59. In June, Emperor Gaozong of Song gave Empress Meng the title of "Zhaoci Xianlie" (later changed to "Zhaoci Shengxian") and temporarily buried her in Huiji County, Yuezhou.
Emperor Zhezong Zhaoci shengxian empress Meng shi, Shaoxing collapsed in April of the first year. Commandments to inherit the weight of the body, and to bear the weight. With a will, choose the right to the funeral, and return the soldiers to the cemetery mausoleum. Zi took the whole body, do not stick to the old system, thinking that he would be able to move to the place every day. In June, he was buried in Huiji Shangting Township.
- "Song Shi, Vol. 123, Zhi 76"
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According to Emperor Gaozong of Song's recollection in the eighth year of Shaoxing (1138), when Empress Meng was critically ill, Emperor Gaozong of Song asked her what her last wishes were. Empress Meng said that Emperor Zhezong's grandmother, Empress Gao, was a rare empress dowager in ancient and modern times, but Cai Bian (Wang Anshi's student and son-in-law) and others slandered Empress Gao in the history books. Empress Meng hoped that Emperor Gaozong of Song could find a historian to revise it and restore the honor of Empress Dowager Gao. To this end, Emperor Gaozong of Song ordered people to revise the Records of Emperor Zhezong and the Records of Emperor Shenzong.
(Shaoxing) eight years, (Gou Tao) in addition to the history of the revision, re-edited the "Records of Emperor Zhezong". The Emperor's Edict said: "Zhaoci Shengxian Empress was ill, and she asked what she wanted, and then she said: 'I arrested Empress Xuanren Shenglie, and saw that she was able to make a virtuous envoy, to make herself convenient, to worry about the ancestral community, and to alienate herself from her foreign home. Unfortunately, the treacherous and evil are reckless, and the historian Cai Bian is equal to the evil, creating a history to damage the holy virtue, who does not cut his teeth, the spirit in heaven or the introduction. He is a righteous subject with a pen, and it is urgent to cut it from it, and to believe in the afterlife. 'Remember the last precepts, and forget them for a day, but now they will be the ones who will be killed. ”
- "History of the Song Dynasty, Vol. 382, Liechuan No. 141"
Emperor Gaozong of Song ordered the revision of the Records of Emperor Zhezong with the aim of rehabilitating Empress Dowager Gao and Empress Meng, and then proved that Empress Meng was deposed, that Emperor Zhezong was deceived, and that it was not his intention.
The original historical materials about the Zhezong Dynasty, such as the Chronicle of Current Affairs and the Calendar, were burned by Cai Jingyi.
As for the deeds of the Zhezong Dynasty, those recorded in the "Chronicle of Current Politics" and "Calendar" were all burned and destroyed by Cai Jing.
—— "Records of the Year since Jianyan, Volume 76"
Whether Empress Meng used "witchcraft" to compete for favors and harm Liu Jieyu is difficult to verify.
(Note: This article is original by [Headline @ Love SlimMing Fish], plagiarism is prohibited, and violators will be investigated!) ）