In the summer of 1956, the weather was unusually hot, the phone of Zhou Enlai's family rang jingling, Mrs. Deng Yingchao was reading a book on the table next to her, when she heard the phone ring, she put down the book and picked up the phone, and a man's loud voice came from the handset:
"Hey, is it Enlai?" I'm Chen Geng, you don't have it at home, I'm going to take someone to your house as a guest. ”
Hearing that it was Chen Geng, Deng Yingchao smiled and replied, "I am Deng Yingchao, Enlai will not be here, who are you going to bring?" ”
"It's Xiao Chao." Others called Deng Yingchao and called Sister Deng, and Chen Geng did not follow Zhou Enlai to call her Xiaochao: "Don't ask first, you will prepare the meal, and when we come you will know." ”
Deng Yingchao was very curious about Chen Geng's mysterious secret, but he still smiled and promised, "Good, I will come back in a moment, and we will wait for you at home." ”
Deng Yingchao (February 4, 1904 – July 11, 1992) was a revolutionary, politician, and prominent social activist, and a pioneer of the Chinese women's movement
Not long after, Chen Geng came to Zhou Enlai's house with a strange young man, and before he could sit down, Chen Geng said to the couple who got up to greet him: "Come quickly, and see who this young man looks like?" ”
As soon as the two heard this, they brushed their eyes to the young man next to them, and the young man was stared at a little uncomfortably, so he had to smile at them.
Before Zhou Enlai and his wife could speak, Chen Geng couldn't help but say, "Do you look like Peng Ganchen?" ”
Originally, the two felt that he was very familiar, after Chen Geng's reminder, Deng Yingchao quickly grabbed the young man's hand and said, "Oh, you are Peng Weiguang, it is really similar to your father, and it is really good to finally see you." ”
After Zhou Enlai looked at Peng Weiguang, he also said happily: "Yes, you are exactly the same as your father." ”
"Son, your dad is a hero, you're his child, and you're our child." Deng Yingchao lovingly dragged him to the dining room, and everyone happily ate a home-cooked meal together.
So, who is Peng Ganchen? Why was his son so received by Premier Zhou and his wife?
Peng Weiguang—— Former Deputy General Manager of Shanghai Jin Jiang Group. (Son of martyr Peng Ganchen, the early leader of our army) - Peng Weiguang and Deng Yingchao photographed in the West Flower Hall in Zhongnanhai
1. Peng Ganchen, a progressive student
In 1899, in Yingshan County, which was still part of Anhui Province at the time, a little boy fell to the ground, and this new life that brought joy to his family was Peng Ganchen.
As a teenager, Peng Ganchen showed great interest in learning, he liked to read, and sometimes even taught children in the same village to write.
With this love of learning, in 1919, he was admitted to the Anhui Provincial First Normal College, where he joined the Communist Party of China.
Peng Ganchen
In 1919, in order to oppose the government's signing of unequal treaties, young students in Beijing led the masses and citizens to launch a demonstration, which was launched on May 4, known as the "May Fourth Movement".
Anqing was also deeply influenced by the progressive ideas of the May Fourth Movement, where Marxist-Leninist thought was disseminated, and students in the school were the most receptive to new ideas, and they often launched patriotic movements, such as boycotts of Japanese goods, which Peng Ganchen also joined.
Peng Ganchen got to know a lot of avant-garde students, plus he liked to read, so whenever he saw some progressive publications, such as "New Anhui" and "Anqing Commentary", he would seize the time to read and absorb.
The May Fourth Movement
In the context of progress, Peng Ganchen was worried about China, which was in the situation of internal and external troubles at that time, and in order to be able to contribute his own strength, he and his classmates founded the Anqing Socialist Youth League.
After the establishment of the Youth League, Peng Ganchen played an outstanding organizational and leadership skill, in addition to the student movement, in order to better convey Marxist ideas, the cadres in the league also founded a library to circulate Marxist-Leninist books.
In June 1921, Peng Ganchen led the students of the Youth League to launch the "June 2" school tide, aiming to drive out the warlords and ask the provincial council to increase education funds.
However, this group of students paid a heavy price, and the provincial council personnel not only refused to increase the fee again, but also arranged for the personnel to forcibly expel the students, and the student representative Dai Xiuwen was beaten to the ground and covered in blood.
Seeing this, the delegates were even more furious, and they returned to the school to contact nearly a thousand students, wrapped up the building of the provincial conference, and asked to negotiate with the deputies in person.
However, the other side not only refused to communicate, but also once again sent the warlord Ma Lianjia, who led a group of military police to come and beat these unarmed white-faced students to death.
As soon as the stick went down, a student spewed blood from his mouth, staining the floor of the provincial conference building red.
They beat these students like enemies, and even one military policeman felt that the beating was not strong, and took out a saber and stabbed Jiang Gaoxin, a student of the First Division, 7 times.
The campaign caused 247 injuries, including 208 minor injuries and 39 serious injuries, and Jiang Gao, who was stabbed seven times, eventually died of ineffective medical treatment.
Malianjia
The behavior of the provincial conference caused strong discussion and criticism in the society, and on the second day of the movement, the provincial federation of students issued a notice of strike.
Peng Ganchen and other student representatives launched a campaign of strikes and strikes in society, and publicized the evil deeds of these warlords and bureaucrats through the printing and distribution of leaflets.
This joint battle of the people of Quan'anqing exploded public opinion to the point that the Anhui government could not sit idly by, and in the end, the Anhui government agreed to increase the education funding from the original 200,000 to 1.5 million, and set up a special department to manage it.
Although the ultimate goal was achieved, the price paid was tragic. After this incident, Peng Ganchen deeply realized that if he wanted to save the country from danger, he still had to continue to learn.
In Anqing, he heard that the Whampoa Military Academy had been established, so he wanted to go to the examination with his friends, and it just so happened that the Anqing Party organization of the CPC at that time wanted to send personnel to study at the Whampoa Military Academy, and Peng Ganchen took the initiative to sign up, and was indeed selected.
With excitement, Peng Ganchen and five other companions came to Guangzhou to take the entrance examination.
Whampoa Military Academy
Second, the broken finger is not a pity, and it is still revolutionary to leave the head behind
On the day of Zhang Bang, Peng Ganchen and his companions came to the school early, and this selection was divided into formal admission and preparation, with 350 and 120 people respectively.
Peng Ganchen looked down the line of the official admission list to find his name, and looked at it for a while before seeing Peng Ganchen's three words.
He excitedly asked his companions if they had been admitted, and three of them were on the list, including Xu Jishen, who later became a military man.
On May 5, 1924, Peng Ganchen and Xu Jishen, dressed up and came to the Whampoa Military Academy to report, they became the first batch of students of the Whampoa Military Academy, and the two were assigned to the second team after registration.
Xu Jishen (1901-1931), Han Chinese, a native of Lu'an City, Anhui Province, was an outstanding general and military figure in the early days of the Chinese Workers' and Peasants' Red Army
Here Peng Ganchen met Zhou Enlai, who was the director of the political department, and Zhou Enlai, who had just returned from studying abroad, established the Organization Department of the Communist Party of China, also known as the Huangpu Branch of the Communist Party, as soon as he came to the Whampoa Military Academy.
When Peng Ganchen learned that Zhou Enlai had established the Huangpu branch of the CPC, he took the initiative to find Zhou Enlai, saying that he was a member of the Communist Party and had come to join the organization.
Zhou Enlai looked at the young man in front of him who could speak the Tao, and he smiled, and the two began to chat in the north and south, but they did not expect that the more they talked, the more speculative they became, which can be said to be the same at first sight.
Zhou Enlai, one of the main leaders of the party and the state, one of the main founders of the Chinese People's Liberation Army, and the founding father of the People's Republic of China
Peng Ganchen, who studied in the school, had more opportunities to contact advanced ideas, and there were more than a dozen courses in the school at that time, because of his diligence and studiousness, when it came to the evaluation, he was excellent in every subject, so he was retained by the school.
Peng Ganchen, who remained at the school, was assigned to teach a company regiment, where he met Chen Geng when he was the company commander and he was a party representative.
At that time, China was still a situation of warlord division, the National Government in Guangzhou was not long after its establishment, and the foundation at that time was not stable, on the contrary, the Beiyang warlord government was powerful here.
But even so, the two governments were still in a state of confrontation with each other, but what Sun Yat-sen did not expect was that Chen Jiongming, the former commander-in-chief of the Cantonese Army, actually betrayed the Nationalist government with his troops.
At this time, Chen Jiongming was bribed by the warlord government, and the two colluded to overthrow the guangdong revolutionary government.
Chen Geng (1903-1961) Was a Chinese proletarian revolutionary and military strategist, a general in the Chinese People's Liberation Army, and an outstanding leader of the national and Chinese People's Liberation Army
On January 7, 1925, Chen Jiongming gathered his army to launch an attack on Guangzhou, and the revolutionary government of Guangzhou was forced to fight, and on January 15, they officially launched the Eastern Expedition to attack Chen Jiongming.
During this crusade, the students of the Whampoa Military Academy not only participated in the war, but also served as the vanguard of the pre-war, and company commander Chen Geng and party representative Peng Ganchen led the soldiers of the troops to participate in the battle.
Under the leadership of Zhou Enlai, the troops poured into Wuhua County, and in the course of the battle, Peng Ganchen took the lead and fought bravely with the enemy.
Chen Jiongming (1878-1933) was a Cantonese military general and one of the military and political representatives of the Republic of China period
At this moment, the enemy's bayonet cut off his little finger, and Peng Ganchen completely ignored the bloody fingers, took up the weapon and led the warriors to pounce on the enemy.
After the victory of the battle, more than 2,000 enemy people were captured, and at this time, Peng Ganchen remembered the broken finger and casually picked up a piece of cloth to wrap his still bleeding hand.
Zhou Enlai saw Peng Ganchen, who had wrapped his hands up, and asked with concern, "Are you injured?" ”
Peng Ganchen said with a big grin, "It's all right, it's just a broken finger." ”
Seeing Peng Ganchen's unconcerned look, although Zhou Enlai was distressed by him, he still quipped: "Looking so handsome, missing a finger, it will be a little troublesome to find a daughter-in-law in the future." ”
"The revolution is not easy, and it is not easy to break the finger. If you keep your head in it, you can serve the party. Peng Ganchen made a poem on the spot to express his revolutionary determination, which attracted the praise of the people present.
Third, return from school and plunge into the revolution
In order to train outstanding revolutionary cadres, the Central Committee of the Communist Party of China realized that it was still necessary to send people to Moscow, the center of Marxism-Leninism, to learn from the scriptures.
When Zhou Enlai received the above instructions, he began to select outstanding graduates from the Whampoa Military Academy, and finally after discussion, Peng Ganchen was also on the list.
Peng Ganchen cherished this opportunity to study very much, and he was ready to go, just to return from his studies and dedicate himself to the cause of China's revolution.
Coming to Moscow, Peng Ganchen entered the Eastern University, where he met Zhu De, Liu Ding and other classmates sent from other places.
In terms of study, Peng Ganchen worked harder than he did at the Whampoa Military Academy, and coupled with his own talent, he was often praised by his local classmates in Moscow, and even rated him as the "Brusinov" of China, a famous Russian general.
Liu Ding (CCP underground intelligence officer)
In 1926, Peng Ganchen received an edict from the Central Committee of the Communist Party of China, requiring all Communists, including him, to return to China to support the Northern Expedition and overthrow the rule of the Beiyang warlords.
After returning to China, Peng Ganchen was assigned to work in Ye Ting's independent regiment, and their combat mission was to go to Wuhan to fight against the warlord Wu Peifu.
On September 5, the troops had already marched to Wuchang City, but if they wanted to take Wuchang City, they must first open the gates of Wuchang City, and climbing the city was the only way at the moment.
Peng Ganchen took the initiative to stand up and ask to join the "Valiant Team", which at that time was equivalent to sending him to death, but Peng Ganchen did not retreat, and the soldiers who joined later did not retreat.
Wu Peifu (1874-1939) was the leader of the warlords directly under the Republic of China, a first-class general of the Chinese National Revolutionary Army, and the commander-in-chief of the Fourteen Provinces Thief Coalition Army
On October 10, after writing a suicide note, Peng Ganchen and his teammates of the "Valiant Team" came to the city wall, climbed the ladder, and braved the enemy's gunfire to build a ladder of hope with their lives.
In the process of fighting the enemy, Peng Ganchen's waist was greatly damaged, but he still insisted on climbing the city wall, making a great contribution to the capture of Wuchang City by the troops.
Peng Ganchen combined the army management and combat knowledge he learned in Moscow with reality and applied it to the management of our army, and he cooperated seamlessly with Ye Ting in the battle.
Therefore, when Ye Ting went to fight Xia Douyin, he handed over Wuchang to Peng Ganchen and made him the acting commander of the Wuchang garrison.
Xia Douyin (1886-1951), zi lingbing, a native of Macheng, Hubei Province
At that time, Zhou Enlai greatly appreciated Peng Ganchen's talents, and during the preparations for the Shanghai uprising, he transferred him to Shanghai to assist Wang Ruofei, secretary general of the Central Committee, in completing the uprising work.
Peng Ganchen, who came to Shanghai, threw himself into his work, used his previous experience to combine the plan of the uprising with the people to prepare intensively, and on March 21, 1927, together with Sun Jinchuan, led the Shanghai workers to victory in the third armed uprising.
Not only that, after Chiang Kai-shek's counter-revolutionary coup later, Peng Ganchen also protected Zhou Enlai's safety all the way to prevent him from falling into the hands of the enemy, and it was precisely because of Peng Ganchen and others' escort that Zhou Enlai left Shanghai safely and arrived in Wuhan.
Sun Jinchuan (1895-1928), also known as Fang Gan, used the names Sun Jingchuan and Sun Jisheng, a native of Shou County, Anhui
The Nanchang Uprising is of great significance in the history of the revolution, as it fired the first shot of armed resistance against the Kuomintang reactionaries and opened the prelude to the independent leadership of the Communist Party of China in the armed struggle and the creation of a revolutionary army.
At that time, the Kuomintang hunted down the Communists on a large scale, causing the contradictions between the Kuomintang and the Communists to enter a white-hot stage, and in order to resist the Kuomintang's policy of slaughter and save the Chinese revolution, our army launched an armed uprising in Nanchang through the decision of the Cpc Central Committee.
Zhou Enlai was appointed secretary of the Committee of Former Enemies and was responsible for the preparations for the uprising, and Peng Ganchen, who had returned to Yingshan at that time, was also organized and transferred to Nanchang to assist Zhou Enlai in completing the uprising.
As Zhou Enlai's right-hand man, on the day of the uprising, Peng Ganchen took up the post of nanchang city public security bureau chief in Nanchang, and when he went to the police station to take office, everyone was very surprised, because he was not only the director of the public security bureau, but also the commander of the Nanchang garrison headquarters.
The main leader of the August 1 Nanchang Uprising
The first thing Peng Ganchen did when he took office was to arrange for personnel to post a notice telling the citizens not to be afraid, the Communist Party is its own person, the uprising has no impact on everyone's life, it is time to go to class, it is time to do business.
In addition, Peng Ganchen also organized personnel to search and attack the remnants of the enemy's forces and strengthen the maintenance of social order.
After these urgent matters were arranged, Peng Ganchen began to reorganize the old police, and before leaving Nanchang, he properly reorganized the public security team to ensure the normal operation of the security system in Nanchang City.
Unfortunately, the general headquarters of the Nanchang Uprising was still occupied by the enemy army, and the Nanchang Uprising eventually failed.
The first shot of the Nanchang Uprising
Fourth, the mystery of death
There are several theories about Peng Ganchen's death.
One is that after the Nanchang Uprising, Peng Ganchen, after leading the troops to withdraw, was surrounded by the enemy on the way to the battle, and finally died in the struggle with the enemy.
Another theory is that in 1933, Peng Ganchen was organizationally transferred to the Peng Yang Military Academy in northeastern Jiangxi.
At that time, "left-leaning" doctrine led by Wang Ming was prevalent, and many Red Army intellectuals who adhered to communism were falsely accused of this group of adventurism, and even persecuted to death, and Peng Ganchen was killed at that time.
Later, after Zhou Enlai and others actively searched for the truth, the time of Peng Ganchen's sacrifice was finally determined.
Wang Ming (one of the early leaders of the Communist Party of China)
In November 1934, Peng Ganchen, who had been persecuted and imprisoned by the "left-leaning" forces, received an order to go to Fang Zhimin's troops to participate in the battle.
After joining forces with the large army, Peng Ganchen assisted Fang Zhimin in leading the anti-Japanese team all the way north, and won many battles, which was not too much to describe it as invincible at that time.
However, just when Peng Ganchen was full of hope for the prospects of the battle, Chiang Kai-shek did not distinguish between the main and secondary battles, and sent 200,000 troops to encircle and intercept the Red Army.
Fang Zhimin (August 21, 1899 – August 6, 1935) was a Chinese Communist Party revolutionary, politician, military figure, and outstanding leader of the peasant movement
At that time, the Red Tenth Army led by Fang Zhimin had suffered heavy casualties after repelling more than a dozen enemy attacks, and could only move to the Huaiyu Mountains in northeastern Gansu.
However, just as it was about to pass through the enemy's blockade line, a large number of enemy troops suddenly appeared to attack our army, and Peng Ganchen died in this struggle with the enemy.
Peng Ganchen died in January 1935, when he was only 36 years old, and his two children, the youngest, Peng Weiguang, were still in their infancy.
Finally, under the care of Zhou Enlai and other central leaders, Peng Ganchen, a hero who was lost in the torrent of history, was finally able to see the light of day.
His two children also thrived under everyone's care, his daughter Peng Weisheng became a glorious military doctor, and his son Peng Weiguang also grew into an excellent business manager.