Mr. Ma Suren (1885–1970)
Ma Sulun, also known as Yi Chu, Shi Weng and Han Xiang, once used the name Zou Huasun, and the late stone house old man. A native of Hangzhou, Zhejiang. After the Yoshiku school was converted into a middle school, he was hired as a trustee. He graduated from Hangzhou Fu Middle School. Later, he served as the editor of the Journal of National Essence and other newspapers, and taught in Hangzhou, Jiangshan, Zhuji, Guangzhou and other places. In the summer of 1911, he went to Japan and was introduced by Zhang Taiyan to participate in the League. After returning to China, he became the editor-in-chief of the Grand Republic Daily. From 1913 onwards, he taught at the Beijing Medical College and the College of Literature of Peking University. In 1919, when the "May Fourth" Movement broke out, teachers of Peking University established the "Faculty And Staff Association" and initiated the organization of the Beijing Federation of Teachers and Staff of Secondary Schools and Above, which served as the secretary and chairman of the two sessions to support student activities. On June 3, 1921, teachers of universities, middle schools, and primary schools in Beijing held a petition to demand salaries from the authorities and demand for education independence, but they were suppressed by the Beiyang warlord government, and they were seriously injured and returned to Hangzhou to recuperate. In the same year, he was appointed as the principal of the First Normal School of Zhejiang Province. In 1922, he was recommended by Cai Yuanpei and Li Dazhao to be the director of the Zhejiang Education Department, and in September of the same year he was appointed vice minister of education of the Beijing government, and in November 1924, he was appointed as the deputy minister. Later, he returned to teach at Peking University.
In October 1928, the Ministry of Education set up one administrative and one permanent vice minister. He served as parliamentary secretary until November 1929, when Liu Dabai succeeded him. Later, he returned to Teach at Peking University again. In 1935, together with Bai Pengfei, dean of the Peking Law Business School, he initiated the organization of the Anti-Japanese Salvation Congress in the cultural circles of Beiping, and was elected as the chairman. After the victory of the War of Resistance Against Japan, he actively participated in the patriotic democracy movement, and in 1945, he initiated the organization of the China Association for the Promotion of Democracy in Shanghai and issued a declaration advocating the cessation of the civil war and the implementation of democracy. On June 23, 1946, he participated in the anti-civil war demonstration held by workers, students and people from all walks of life in Shanghai, and was elected as a representative to petition the National Government in Nanjing. In November 1947, he wrote a letter to Zhang Qun, the chief executive of the Nationalist government, protesting the Kuomintang government's policy of adhering to the civil war, and went to Hong Kong at the end of the year and then to the Liberated Areas.
After the founding of New China, he successively served as a member of the Central People's Government Committee, vice chairman of the Cultural and Educational Committee of the State Council, the first minister of education, the minister of higher education, a member of the Faculty of Philosophy and Social Sciences of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, the director of the Chinese Character Reform Research Committee, the vice chairman of the National Committee of the Chinese People's Political Consultative Conference, the chairman of the Central Committee of the China Association for the Promotion of Democracy, and the vice chairman of the Central Committee of the China Democratic League.
His works include "Ishiya Yupan", "Ishiya Continued Pan", "Shuowen Jiezi Six Books Neglect Evidence" and so on.
Zhi Zhai studied
In 1898, at the age of thirteen, Ma Sulun entered the Zongwen Yishu School and studied under Mr. Hu Shuqing in the "Zhi Zhai". At that time, the students in the first fast could do a full range of articles, and Ma Sulun was relatively low at that time, just reciting the lessons, but he privately made five words to the students who could do poetry to do five words "trial poems" (test poems are used for examinations).
Note: Zongwen Yishu originally had the five fasts of "Ren", "Righteousness", "Rites", "Wisdom", and "Faith", and in 1871 the "Waiyi" Zhai was added, and in 1875 the "Waixin" Zhai was added, and the students were promoted according to the degree, the XinZhai was the lowest degree, and the Ren zhai was the highest.
Former site of Shōbun-yoshi-juku (1818-1860)
Xinhai uprising
Mr. Zhong Yulong (who was the principal of the private Zongwen Middle School in Hangzhou) wrote in the article "The History of Zongwen Middle School": In the Xinhai Revolution, there were four participants in zongwen yishu school: one was Gu Naibin... One for Wang Manfeng... One for Zhong Fengyu... One is Ma Suren. ”
Mr. Ma Xulun wrote in his self-report: "In this year, it was the first year of the Xuanun reunification of Puyi, the last emperor of the Qing Dynasty, and the supervision of the dialect school was my teacher, Mr. Chen Dichen, who was elected as the chairman of the Zhejiang Consultative Bureau, and asked me to go back to Hangzhou to help him, and the Hangzhou Two-Level Normal School also looked for me as a teacher, so I returned to Hangzhou. At that time, there was a secret organization in Hangzhou, and my friends participated in many of them, often meeting in secret meetings in temples or citangs (such as the Baiyun Nunnery in the West Lake, and the Peng Gong Ancestral Hall in the Three Pools of the Moon), and I sometimes participated. I had a classmate of Zongwen Yishu, Yang Tingdong, who later changed his name to Gu Naibin, graduated from the Wubei Academy, became a battalion commander, and he and I often met at the small tea shop at the railway station to talk, fortunately, there were no spies at that time. ”
During the Xinhai Revolution, Zongwen Yishu's students Ma Xulun, Gu Naibin, Zhong Fengyu, and others participated in the attack on Zhejiang Governor Yamen
School Trustee for many years
In 1919, Ma Sulun was hired by Zhu Bingyan, the principal of the private Zongwen Middle School in Hangzhou, as a school trustee. Since then, the school has been renamed Hangzhou Private Zongwen Junior High School and Hangzhou Private Zongwen Middle School in Zhejiang Province, and Mr. Ma Xulun has been the trustee of the school for more than 30 years.
On November 21, 1950, Ma Sulun, then the first Minister of Education of New China, sent a letter to the Cultural and Educational Department of the Hangzhou Municipal Military Control Commission.
Establishment of the "MaMu Scholarship Fund"
Mr. Chung Yuk Lung has a personal experience of the difficulties of poor people in studying, and after becoming the principal, he was determined to inherit the purpose of running Shōbun Yishu and set up 50 free places. He himself spearheaded donations and mobilized donations from local gentry, faculty and alumni. In 1931, Ma Sulun lost his mother Ying Hang and donated 600 yuan to Zongwen. Zongwen named it the "Mamu Scholarship Fund" for free tuition (at that time, the tuition fee for one semester was eight yuan).
Self-study room, library corner (originally published in the 1933 Zongwen Student Self-Government Association Journal "South Park" No. 4)
South Park Alumni Association
In 1932, more than 20 members of Zongwen's "South Park Alumni Association" including Ma Sulun, Zhong Yinbin, Qian Moqing, and other members once again came to the school's Star Belt Pavilion to pay tribute to the sages, and determined that every year, Qingming and Zhongjiu 2, as a memorial day.
Note: The South Garden of Zhongpi City Lane, originally the private garden of the famous poet Wang Wenxuan in the late Qing Dynasty, is actually three halls, one garden and one pool, counting five acres and one centimeter. The three halls are Suhai Hall, Wei shan hall and Yunshan hall; one garden is the South Garden; and the other pool is the civilization pool. Civilization pond south to build a rockery, the rockery to build a star belt pavilion, the pavilion in front of the trees towering in the sky, the pavilion outside the hanging link "the sound of books to people quiet, the shade of the trees when the day is clear" "There are articles in the sea, such as carrying flowers and trees to wait for the spring wind." Its garden is on a par with the other two gardens in Hangcheng, Gao Garden and Yu Garden, and is one of the three famous gardens in Hangcheng.
The building on the rockery in the corner of South Park is the Star Belt Pavilion (originally published in the first issue of the Journal of the Zongwen Student Self-Government Association "South Park" in January 1931)
Three white soups
At the beginning of the 20th century, Ma Sulun often patronized Meixuan, the director of the Chuanqian Restaurant in Beijing, and their dishes tasted good, but the soup was not good, so Mr. Ma taught his original "Three White Soup" to the chef. In order to thank Mr. Ma for his gift of food, Changmeixuan specially renamed "Sanbai Soup" to "Mr. Ma Soup". What kind of dish is "Three White Soup"? The so-called "three whites" refers to cabbage, bamboo shoots and tofu. Because their colors are white, they are called "three whites".
Ma Sulun refused to accept the painting of the traitor's gift
Mr. Ma created his own "Three White Soup", in addition to personal preferences, there is another layer of meaning, that is, to be innocent, mighty and unyielding, poor and untouchable. In 1916, Yuan Shikai was proclaimed emperor, and Mr. Ma was very dissatisfied, angrily left his post, and won the reputation of "hanging crown professor". In the autumn of 1937, when Shanghai was occupied by the Japanese army, Mr. Ma was so sad and indignant that he grew a beard and changed his name to Zou Huasun, and has since been in seclusion. At the end of the same year, the Japanese army set up a puppet government in North China, and Tang Erhe, who served as the pseudo-education chief, sent lobbyists to invite Mr. Ma to serve as the president of Peking University, but he did not expect to be immediately rejected by Mr. Ma, not only that, Mr. Ma also advised Tang Erhe not to do things for the Japanese, but to keep the festival late. In 1940, Mr. Ma's life was in trouble, and after the traitor Chen Gongbo knew about it, he wanted to use this to win him over and send someone to send a lot of money and grain. Mr. Ma learned that he personally ran outside the door to prevent them from unloading the car, returned the rice and money in full, and sang Qu Yuan's famous sentence to encourage himself. It can be said that whether he is a man, an official, or a scholar, Mr. Ma is frank and innocent, and can be called an example of a generation of scholars.