Stepping through the brilliant long sky of history, looking at the dappled streamers of light in the starlight, the wind and frost of a thousand years, how many heroes and legends have been frozen, the long line of heaven and earth that runs through ancient and modern times, connecting the initial power of life, bringing surprise to people, bringing people memories, the vast picture of history, is the spiritual heaven that never grows old!
Li Liejun
The first shot of Yuan Yuan
In March 1913, the assassination of Song Jiaoren, acting chairman of the Kuomintang, caused great turmoil in the political situation in the early Minchu:
On the Kuomintang side, Huang Xing and others believed that the murderer had been caught and could start the National Assembly and impeach Zhao Bingjun, the interim prime minister behind the scenes; Sun Yat-sen believed that Zhao Bingjun was nothing more than a pawn of Yuan Shikai and it was better to use force to please Yuan. The two factions quarreled for a while.
Yuan Shikai was worried that the south would cause trouble, and on the one hand he co-opted the Hubei Communist Progressive Association and the Zhejiang Guangfu Association, and on the other hand, he put pressure on the Kuomintang-controlled provinces of Anhui, Jiangxi, and Guangdong.
When Sun Yat-sen resigned as interim president in February 1912, Li Lamentation lamented that "the country has been troubled from now on" and made a pact with his close friend Yang Gengsheng: "Once something happens, take Hukou in Guixian County as the base camp to resist Yuan Shikai." "Unfortunately.
Soon after Li Liejun became the governor of Jiangxi, he invited Sun Yat-sen to inspect Jiangxi, and Yuan Shikai sent someone to Gan to lobby: "If Li Dujun goes to Beijing to meet with the president, he should be rewarded with two million yuan and promoted to one. Li refused: "Yu Sijianxun is in the country, is it not tempting for the ugly class?" When Yuan Shikai saw that Li was not on the hook, he wanted to install his cronies as the civil governor of Jiangxi to contain him. On the grounds that "the provincial council resolutely opposes it," Li kicked back in the future, and Yuan became angry and ashamed, and regarded Li as a dissident.
After the assassination of Song Jiaoren, Yuan Shikai, fearing that Jiangxi would cause trouble, simply ordered Li Liejun to be relieved of his post as governor of Jiangxi in June 1913, and then dismissed Bai Wenwei of Anhui, Hu Hanmin of Guangdong, and Tan Yanmin of Hunan.
The Jiangxi Provincial Government Council asked Li Liejun to revolt, but Li disagreed, saying: "The central authorities have dismissed me from my post, I am an uprising, it is an anti-uprising, it is not a righteous act, if Yuan Shikai breaks the law, re-attacks the imperial system, and fights it with the will of the people, I will obey the orders." "It was decided to go to Shanghai first, visit Sun Yat-sen and then make plans."
At that time, the Kuomintang had fallen into passivity, and Sun Yat-sen and Huang Xing finally reached an agreement to understand that "the Yuan clan will allocate the ashes of the death of the autocracy and bear the trust of the Republic of China" and must rise up a second revolution. Important members of the Kuomintang held a meeting in Shanghai to discuss Yuan's affairs, but they were very different, and because of the dispersion of forces, it was difficult to make trouble for a while.
Li Liejun saw that everyone was inconsistent, and expressed his willingness to return to Jiangxi to first make trouble: "Han thieves are not two sides, wu and Yuan thief cannot coexist, there is Yuan without me, there is me without Yuan, please Yuan Yiju, and never give up." Sun Yat-sen was deeply moved and said, "Those who know me, Xiehe (Li Liejun character) also." ”
Long before going to Shanghai for a meeting, Li Liejun sent The Cadre Yang Gengsheng back to Hukou to prepare for yuan. As soon as the meeting was over, Li rushed back to the lake.
On July 12, 1913, Li Liejun was inaugurated as the "Commander-in-Chief of Jiangxi Yuan" at Hukou, Jiangxi, and issued a telegram to the whole country: "Taking advantage of the time to steal the handle, the imperial system is self-sufficient, with the intention of undermining the republic and being the public enemy of the whole country." In addition, there are three major documents, "Jiangxi Discussion on Yuan Jun's Commander-in-Chief's Letters", "Jiangxi Discussion on Yuan Jun's External Telegram", and "Jiangxi Discussion on Yuan Jun's Announcement of the Party and The Group", which show China and foreign countries and three chapters of the law with the people: 1. Oath to the people's thief Yuan Shikai, 2. Consolidate the republican form of government, and 3. Protect the property of the Chinese and foreign people.
Yuan Shikai immediately sent Li Chunbu of the Beiyang Sixth Division to defend Hubei, and Ouyang Wu, the new governor of Jiangxi, fearing that the war would affect the people, asked Li Yuanhong, the governor and vice president of Hubei, to transfer the army back to Hubei. Li Yuanhong ordered Li Chun to withdraw his troops, but Li Chun ignored them and pushed forward, and the defense of Li Liejun's rebel army was only a few miles away, and the war was about to break out.
Ouyang Wu also constantly advised Li Liejun: "There is no main battle here, please return to Shanghai quickly." Otherwise, I will join forces with the Northern Army to attack the mouth of the lake. He promised that as long as Li Liejun left the country, he expressed his willingness to pay 30,000 yuan as a foreign expedition. Li Liejun said in awe, "Liejun also knows that Brother Ouyang is peaceful, but Liejun has arrived here, and there is absolutely no reason to return to Shanghai." Please speak for Ouyang, if it is good, you will see you later, otherwise you will see it in the next life. ”
Ouyang Wu attempted to mobilize two regiments of troops to attack Hukou, but most of the Jiangxi army was Li Liejun's old troops, and he could not command it, so he had to announce his resignation, declaring: "Now that there is no ability to dispatch troops, Wu Heyan is in this important position." ”
At that time, there were two divisions of the army and 1 mixed brigade stationed in Jiangxi, a total of 10 regiments, but due to Yuan Shikai's bribery and division, the commander of the 1st Division fell to Yuan Shikai; the commander of the 2nd Division was shaken. Only Lin Hu's 1st Brigade (two regiments) of the 1st Division, Fang Shengtao's new brigade, Li Mingyang's 10th Regiment, Zhou Bijie's 9th Regiment, and a machine gun brigade were completely subordinated to Li Liejun.
Faced with the pressure of the Beiyang army, Li Liejun's troops fought in three ways, he himself commanded the middle road, Fang Shengtao was the commander of the right wing army, and Lin Hu was the commander of the left wing army. After several days of fierce fighting, Li Chun could not resist retreating, and the Yuan army won successive victories.
Yuan Shikai saw that the situation was not good, and also mobilized Wang Zhanyuan's Second Division stationed in Xiaogan to cooperate with Li Chun; at the same time, he appointed Duan Zhigui as the commander of the 1st Army and the "Envoy of Jiangxi Xuanfu" to unify the command of the front-line combat troops; and Tang Qianming, deputy commander of the navy, also accompanied the fleet to cooperate with the Beiyang Army's attack.
The Beiyang Army came in a big way, and the Yuan army was suddenly overwhelmed and retreated to Nanchang.
Ouyang Wu, who had already "resigned and lived in seclusion," saw Li Liejun return, so he fled to Qingyuan Mountain in Ji'an and cut off his head, calling himself a "monk of Zhige" and advising both sides to give up. Of course, the Beiyang Army did not do anything, and soon approached Nanchang City, and Li Liejun was alone and difficult to support. The Governor of Xiang, Tan Yanmin, called to persuade him to go to Hunan, and his subordinates also advised him to retreat first, but in desperation, Li had to go to Changsha.
The rebel armies in Anhui, Shanghai, and Fujian also failed quickly, and Tan Yanmin feared that the Beiyang Army would take the opportunity to reach Hunan and electrify the abolition of independence. When Li Liejun arrived in Changsha on 2 September, Tan Yanmin was not able to receive him in public, so he specially arranged for a large car to carry Li to the Japanese consulate in Changsha, where he would meet with Him. Under Tan's arrangement, Li Liejun went to Japan via Shanghai under the cover of the Japanese consulate. The Jiangxi rebels, on the other hand, asked Yuan Shikai to agree to collect the firearms from Hunan and dismiss them at the expense of "retiring from the army."
In September of that year, the last anti-Yuan rebel army in Sichuan was suppressed, and the second revolution failed. Yuan Shikai ordered the arrest of war criminals, headed by Huang Xing, Chen Qimei, Niu Yongjian, He Haiming, and Cen Chunxuan, and Sun Yat-sen, Li Liejun, Bai Wenwei, and Chen Jiongming were also wanted.
The Second Revolution was the first Civil War after the founding of the Republic of China, but the consequences were very bad:
The Beiyang Army entered the southern provinces, except for the four provinces of Guangxi, Guizhou, Yunnan, and Sichuan, all of which became the conquest of the Beiyang Army;
On the Kuomintang side, Sun Yat-sen decided to rebuild the "Chinese Revolutionary Party" and stipulated that all members of the Party should cover their fingers, make an oath, and absolutely obey the premier. Huang Xing, Li Liejun, and many other revolutionary elders thought that this move was too absurd and refused to participate; Huang Xing later went to the United States, while Li Liejun went to Europe to investigate the political conditions of various countries, and the Kuomintang was obviously divided.
The governor of Jiangxi, not Li
Born in February 1881 in Wuning, Jiangxi Province, Li Liejun was an all-rounder of Sun Yat-sen's Nengwen Nengwu, who once praised Yun: "Mr. Xiehe is a contemporary Confucian general who can go up to Ma Nengwu and get off Ma Nengwen. Yang Gengsheng, who was once secretary general of Sun Yat-sen, recalled: "The premier's party members in every language, Mr. Talk, are often called Mr. Xiehe, mr. Gurudwara, the prime minister will rise up and greet him, it is known that the premier attaches great importance to Mr. Xiehe." ”
When it comes to Li's lineage, we must first talk about the Taiping Heavenly Kingdom, because his father Li Junxing was once a subordinate of Li Xiucheng, the King of Zhong. After the failure of the uprising, Li Junxing returned to his hometown, and his anti-Qing ambitions were unswerving, and the four words "Taiping Heavenly Kingdom" were tattooed on his arm. Influenced by his father's generation since childhood, Li Liejun took anti-Qing as his life creed, and once recalled in his autobiography: "The four Xianyan brothers abandoned Confucianism and joined the army during the Taiping Heavenly Kingdom, and returned to their hometown after defeat... A little longer, I saw that Xianyan and Uncle Zhu had needles on their faces or arms with the words 'Taiping Heavenly Kingdom', and when they asked why, their hearts fluttered. In the twelfth year, when he heard his father's account of the Sino-Japanese War, the nationalist army was defeated, and although Yu was young, he had some understanding, and Si Xuesi was ashamed, and he began to throw his pen from Rong Zhizhi. ”
In 1902, Li Liejun was admitted to the Jiangxi Wubei Academy, and two years later he was sent by the Qing court to the Japanese Non-Commissioned Officer School to learn artillery. At that time, Sun Yat-sen was propagating the revolution in Japan, and Li Liejun was full of admiration, joined the League, and has been campaigning for the democratic revolution for decades.
After returning to Japan after completing his studies, Li Liejun entered the Jiangxi New Army as a pipe belt and was responsible for training the new army. He preached revolution in the Forces nouvelles, popular with the lower classes and jealous of his superiors. Later, the governor of Yunnan, Li Jingxi, rehired promising young people, and Li Liejun was hired as an instructor in the Yunnan DaowuTang and the general office (principal) of the Army Primary School to assist the Yunnan branch of the League in publicizing anti-Qing activities in the school and the army.
In the autumn of 1911, Li Liejun was ordered to go north to visit the Qing government's autumn exercise held in Tianjin Horse Factory, and during this time, an uprising broke out in Hubei. He quickly turned back to Jiangxi to contact the old, intending to respond with an army.
Jiang Qun, a Jiujiang man who was working in the Yunnan New Army at the right time, also rushed to Jiangxi, and Jiang and Ma Yubao, the 53rd Biaobiao Commander (RegimentAlty) of the New Army stationed in Jiujiang, were old friends, and they were old friends with Xu Gongdu, the commander-in-chief of the Jiujiang Battery. On October 23, Jiujiang declared independence, and Ma Yubao, Jiang Qun, Xu Gongdu, and others convened a meeting at Daotai Yamen to elect Ma Yubao as the governor of the "Jiujiang Military Government," Jiang Qun as deputy military affairs and chief of staff, Xu Gongdu as commander-in-chief of the fort, Wu Tiecheng as the general counselor, and so on.
When the leading body of Jiujiang was basically determined, Li Liejun arrived, and then he was embarrassed -- Li had an "idol" status in the new army in Jiangxi, did not give him a name, and the army was not satisfied; when he was in Yunnan, Jiang Qun was able to carry out his activities smoothly with the assistance of Li Liejun, and now that his former friend had come, he was also very embarrassed, and with the idea that the chief of the general staff wanted to let him, Li Liejun resigned but reluctantly took office.
At that time, Nanchang had not yet been restored, Li Liejun deployed troops to occupy the Yangtze River fortress Jinjipo Fort and Madang Fort, cut off the Yangtze River defense line, the Qing court from Wuhan Shunshui east to Shanghai eleven warships and two torpedo boats traveled to Jiangxi did not dare to touch the mine pool, Li learned that there were old friends in the navy, so he sent people to lobby, and the Qing navy actually declared an uprising.
Li Liejun made a big splash in Jiujiang and was elected by the Jiangxi military circles as the "commander-in-chief of the navy and army", but Ma Yubao, the governor of the military government, was not taken seriously.
Speaking of Nanchang, after the restoration of Jiujiang, the new army in Nanchang was moved by the wind and launched an uprising on the night of October 30. The Inspector of Jiangxi fled, and Nanchang became independent. When electing the leaders of the military government, the army elected Wu Jiezhang, the 27th commander of the Mixed Association, as the governor. After Wu took office, he got a bunch of constitutionalists to organize a military government, and all walks of life in Jiangxi expressed their dissatisfaction one after another, and Wu felt that his ability was not enough, so he resigned by telegram and went to Shanghai. After Wu left, Nanchang quarreled, and several factions quarreled, so they had to send people to Jiujiang to welcome Ma Yubaolai as the governor of the provincial capital.
In Jiujiang, Li Liejun grabbed the limelight, Ma Yubao had to leave, and Xi Zizi went to Nanchang.
In fact, Li Liejun did not stay long in Jiujiang. In November 1911, the Anhui Anqing Revolutionary Party revolted, and li Liejun was urged to support him, and Li Personal led a large army to go. All walks of life in Anqing held a grand welcome meeting and elected Li Liejun as the governor of Anhui.
Soon after Li Liejun was appointed governor of Anhui, Feng Guozhang attacked Wuchang with heavy troops, and Li Yuanhong sent an urgent telegram to Li Liejun five times a day to ask for help. There were still many people in Anhui who were dissatisfied with Li Liejun of Jiangxi as the governor, and Li also knew that Anhui was not a place to use force, so he decided to aid Hubei, and after he handed over the Great Seal of the Governor of Anhui to his comrade-in-arms Hu Wantai, he immediately ordered the navy and army to assemble and lead the ships to the west. After arriving in Wuchang, Li deployed the navy and army to control the key areas of Wuchang, and Li Yuanhong appointed him as the commander-in-chief of the "Five Provinces Coalition Army".
When Sun Yat-sen returned to China, Yuan Shikai re-emerged from the mountains, and the north and south slowly had a trend of peace.
After the establishment of the Nanjing Provisional Government, the Provisional Senate of Jiangxi Province sent Sun Yat-sen to Ma Yubao, believing that Ma shi could not control the situation in Jiangxi and asking Li Liejun to serve as the governor of Jiangxi.
After several twists and turns, Li Liejun was appointed as the governor of Jiangxi on March 19, 1912.
During Li Liejun's reign, he vigorously carried out reforms: reorganizing the new army militarily, reducing the old army, and enhancing the combat effectiveness of the army; politically reorganizing the governor's office, reducing the number of personnel, and selecting the best and the brightest; and at the same time establishing military schools and training cadres.
No matter what you do, you need a lot of silver, Jiangxi has changed three governors in just three months, there are frequent changes in personnel in the military government, and many people take the opportunity to embezzle. When Li Liejun took office, the salt seal, the li seal, and the official silver money number had long been robbed. In addition, all parts of Jiangxi have cut off the money for themselves, resulting in extreme financial difficulties for the military government.
In order to get rid of the predicament, Li Liejun ordered the abolition of "branches" in other parts of Jiangxi, and then hired a capable person to grasp the economy: first he set up a bank to issue local paper money, then grasped the salt transportation tax, and also vigorously developed transportation, and borrowed money to reorganize the "Nanxun Railway Co., Ltd." Li Liejun believes that "this loan is established, in addition to the repayment of interest and old arrears, it is used to purchase and prepare materials, and the construction will begin on the day." After one year, the whole road will be passed, the business will be transported, and the business will be prosperous; after three or four years, the surplus that the company has accumulated will be saved, and the principal and interest will be repaid, and it will not be nothing, and the company will be under the supervision of the public, the drawbacks can be eliminated, the loans can be returned, and it is easier to do anything." -- I have to admire Li's strategic vision. In order to develop agriculture, Li Liejuncai also ordered funds to be allocated for the construction of water conservancy projects and the construction of polder embankments.
Under the administration of Li Liejun, Jiangxi's economy gradually improved.
At that time, public order in Jiangxi was very bad, and there were extensive "black social" forces. Among them, the Hongjianghui of the Hongmen branch was the most active, and during the anti-Qing Dynasty, the Hongjianghui participated in many uprisings, and some big men after the Xinhai Dynasty regarded themselves as heroes and opened a large number of churches to accept disciples. Li Liejun adopted the principle of dividing and dividing the government by "annihilating ququ kui and coercing obedience", capturing and shooting arrogant leaders and forcibly dissolving the associations -- but this move also greatly hurt the Hongmen brothers, and when the second revolution was against Yuan, the gang sided with Yuan Shikai, and how to coordinate the relations between the revolutionary party and the gang was a difficult issue in the early years of the Republic of China.
In order to build Jiangxi well, Li Liejun attached great importance to supporting young talents, and he selected outstanding young people from his own province and sent them to Japan, Europe and the United States to study at official expenses, so as to cultivate specialized talents. Among them, Chen Yinke, Cheng Xiaogang and others later became world-renowned scholars.
Protector of the Three Masters
Li Liejun originally wanted to govern Jiangxi well, but the assassination of Song Jiaoren caused political turmoil, and then the second revolution failed, and the Kuomintang cadres fled to Japan. Sun Yat-sen believed that the failure of the revolution was due to the fact that some members of the Kuomintang did not listen to the orders and wanted to establish the absolute authority of the party leader. Li Liejun believed that "swearing allegiance" violated the original intention of democracy and refused to join the party, so he left Japan to go to Europe to investigate constitutionalism.
After Yuan Shikai suppressed the Kuomintang by force, he was triumphantly "elected" by the National Assembly as the official president, and immediately dissolved the Kuomintang, kicked out the National Assembly, and dreamed of becoming emperor. At the beginning of 1915, Yuan Shikai announced the restoration of the imperial system, and on May 9, he openly accepted the "Twenty-One Articles" proposed by Japan, arousing the opposition of the people of the whole country.
Sun Yat-sen knew that Li Liejun had a deep foundation in Yunnan, and that Yunnan military and political figures Tang Jiyao, Li Gengen, Luo Peijin, and Huang Yucheng were all his colleagues, so he entrusted him to go to Yunnan to plot against Tang Jiyao, the governor of Yunnan.
At the end of December, Li Liejun used Vietnam to persuade Tang Jiyao to raise the banner of uprising. Tang Jiyao was very hesitant: "Oppose Yuan, and worry about the Beiyang army coming; no, Li Liejun's call, Yunnan will definitely be in chaos!" Li Liejun waited for many days without any movement, and sent a telegram to Tang saying: "This is for the country and for the brother, and now he has been in Vietnam for many days, and within three days he will break into the prison and enter Yunnan, although the brother will shoot Yu and send Yuan yuan to repay the merits, he does not dare to count it." ”
Tang Jiyao knew very well that Li Liejun would do what he said, and if he did not use electricity to oppose Yuan, Li would certainly embarrass himself when he returned to Yunnan; on the other hand, the revolutionary party also constantly urged Tang to weigh the gains and losses, determined to oppose Yuan, and sent his brother Tang Jiyu to welcome Li Liejun to Kunming; Cai Yi, the former governor of Yunnan, escaped Yuan Shikai's surveillance with the help of the chivalrous prostitute Xiao Fengxian and left Beijing to return to Yunnan.
Tang Jiyao's position as the governor of Yunnan was originally recommended by Cai Yi, and when Cai returned, Tang's will against Yuan was even firmer. Therefore, Tang Jiyao, Li Liejun and Cai Yi formed an alliance of blood and established the "Protectorate Military Government" and declared the independence of Yunnan, and the three were also known as the "Three Masters of the Protectorate".
The three signed a letter issued by the defending military government to yuan, counting Yuan Shikai's 20 crimes, calling on the people of the whole country: "Repair my spear and sword, and endow me with the same vendetta ... Gongfu Sheji. Oath to live and die with the Republic of China, vow to live and die with forty million compatriots, support the republic, oppose the imperial system, long live the Republic of China. ”
After the establishment of the "Nationalist Military Government" in Yunnan, everyone decided to imitate the wuchang military government at the time of the Xinhai Revolution, and elected a governor and a commander-in-chief (at that time, Li Yuanhong was the governor and Huang Xing was the commander-in-chief). Cai and Tang pushed each other forward, and in the end, because of Cai Yi's insistence, Tang Jiyao was made the governor, and the "commander-in-chief" chose three: The First Army was headed by Cai Yi as the commander-in-chief and sent to Sichuan; the Second Army was headed by Li Liejun as commander-in-chief and marched toward Liangguang; and the Third Army was headed by Tang Jiyao as commander-in-chief and sitting in Yunnan.
The protectorate army chose a day to go north, Cai Yi's first army won successive battles, and Sichuan and Guizhou became independent.
Li Liejun led the Second Army to the border of Yunnan and Guangxi, first defeating the Beiyang Army at Baise in Guangxi and entering Guangxi. Then through Nanning along the river straight down to Zhaoqing, Guangdong, and then along the Guangdong River north to attack Shaoguan, the other side heard the sound of artillery and fled, there was a beautiful talk in the army about "Li Liejun three cannons to fix Shaoguan". At that time, Chen Jiongming's "Republican Army" also occupied several counties in Guangzhou, and Xu Qin's "Guangdong Protectorate Army", Lin Hu's anti-Yuan troops, Li Fulin's people's army and other anti-Yuan forces spread all over Guangdong, and long Jiguang, the governor of Guangdong, was forced to declare independence.
Then Hunan, Hubei, Shaanxi, Shanxi, and Zhejiang became independent, and Yuan Shikai completely lost the hearts of the people, and even the Beiyang army could not be commanded, and soon died of fear.
After Yuan Shikai's death, Vice President Li Yuanhong succeeded him, and Duan Qirui became the prime minister of the cabinet. Li Yuanhong had no military power, so he thought that in order to win over powerful figures in various places, the most worthy of enlistment was Li Liejun -- when Wuchang Shouyi was besieged by Beiyang, Li had taken his sons and disciples from Jiangxi to assist in the defense of Wuchang, and Li was the elder of Xinhai and had a high status in the military circles. Li Yuanhong sent people to award Li Fengguan a medal and award him a "Great Medal of Jiahe."Li did not have much affection for the Beiyang government, did not appreciate it at all, and hung the great medal on the neck of a dog he had raised.
Someone asked Li Liejun, who has the greatest merit in protecting the country? Li just smiled: "I am a revolutionary, and I have no merit." If we have to evaluate it, Tang Jiyao played the greatest role in the uprising to protect the country, and Tang held the great military and political power in Yunnan, and without him, the uprising for the protection of the country could not be launched. After Yuan Shikai's death, Li Liejun resigned from all walks of life and returned the military power to Tang Jiyao. Friends advised him to keep a little soldier, but he didn't care at all, saying, "I don't want territory, I don't want an army, I only want peace in the world." If anyone tramples on the republic again, I will oppose him like Li Liejun! ”
After Li Yuanhong became president, he disagreed with Duan Qirui, the prime minister of the cabinet, and the two invited Zhang Xun, the braided marshal who was entrenched in Xuzhou, to come to Beijing to mediate, and as a result, Zhang Xun invited Puyi out to "restore" -- after playing with the braid commander for 12 days, he was beaten to the point of blue nose and swollen and slippery. Duan Qirui returned to Beijing to drive out Li Yuanhong, invited Feng Guozhang, the eldest brother of Beiyang, to become the "acting president", and at the same time bypassed the National Assembly and directly arranged for people and horses to form the central government.
Duan Qirui used the military to replace the government and borrowed a large amount of foreign debt to prepare to unify the country by force, which caused great uneasiness among the warlords in the southwest. Lu Rongting of Guangxi and Tang Jiyao of Yunnan invited Sun Yat-sen to the south to "protect the law" and summoned members of the National Assembly to go south to establish a "legal central government" to confront Beiyang. Sun Yat-sen, Wang Jingwei, Hu Hanmin, and others rushed to Guangzhou, and at the same time invited all walks of life by telegram, and Li Liejun set off on another journey.
Wu'an State, Wen Zhiguo
On September 1, 1917, the members of the National Assembly who went south held an "extraordinary meeting," and Sun Yat-sen was elected with 84 votes as the grand marshal of the "Military Government for Defending france," with Tang Jiyao and Lu Rongting as marshals, and the ministers were, in order: Wu Tingfang, Tang Shaoyi, Zhang Kairu, Cheng Biguang, Of the Army, Sun Hongyi, and Hu Hanmin of the Ministry of Communications; on the side of the military government, Zhang Taiyan, secretary general of the military government, Li Liejun, chief of the general staff, Chen Jiongming, commander-in-chief of the First Army of the military government, and Wu Jinglian, "senior adviser."
Li Liejun stood with Sun Yat-sen again and followed him from then on until Sun Yat-sen's death.
The warlords in the southwest had no intention of using force against Beiyang at all, and Sun Yat-sen, seeing that the north and south were one hill, left Guangzhou for Shanghai, and the first Dharma protection movement failed.
In August 1918, the army controlled by the Kuomintang Chen Jiongming drove out the Gui warlords, and then asked Sun Yat-sen to go south to reorganize the military government and continue the struggle to protect the law.
After Sun Yat-sen arrived in Guangzhou, he felt that to solve China's fundamental problems, it was not enough to rely only on the banner of "protecting the Law." With the support of members of Parliament, he decided to form another "Government of the Republic of China". However, Chen Jiongming only wanted Guangdong to protect himself and did not support it, and there were many contradictions in the military government that supported both the Sun faction and the Chen faction. Li Liejun had been on the front line, leading the assembled Dian army to fight with Lu Rongting's Gui army, and Li was good at using troops, and two years later he actually broke the troops into Guilin, Guangxi, and the two Guangdong were joined together.
Li Liejun's military success laid the political foundation for Sun Yat-sen. Sun proposed the activation of the National Assembly and the election of a formal government, noting that "the foreigners refused to pay customs duties to the junta, and Xu Shichang in the north borrowed money from the outside in the name of the president." Therefore, Guangdong should quickly set up a formal government and elect a president to seek confrontation. If Congress does not agree, I will leave Guangzhou. Although Chen Jiongming was unwilling, he did not dare to go against the will of the people, and the Dian Army in Li Liejun's hands, the Second Army controlled by Xu Chongzhi, and The Nationalist Army under Li Fulin could all pose a threat to him.
On April 7, 1921, the "Extraordinary Congress" was presided over by the president of the Senate, Lin Sen, and the joint meeting of the two chambers was presided over, and the meeting adopted the "Outline of the Organization of the Government of the Republic of China", followed by the election of the president, with 222 members attending the meeting, and Sun Yat-sen was elected with 218 votes.
On 5 May, Sun Yat-sen was sworn in as "very great president of the Republic of China," issued an internal and external declaration, and subsequently appointed li liejun as chief of staff, Hu Hanmin as secretary general, Ma Junwu as secretary general of the General Office, Chen Jiongming as chief of internal affairs and chief of the army, Tang Tingguang as chief of the navy, Tang Shaoyi as chief of finance, Xu Shaozhen as chief of staff of the Presidential Office, and Xu Qian as president of the Dali Yuan.
After the establishment of the southern regime, Sun Yat-sen raised the banner of "protecting the law" in the name of the "president", which was later called the "second protection of the law movement".
Chen Jiongming was not reconciled and secretly contacted Beiyang to overthrow Sun. In May 1922, Li Liejun led the Northern Expedition forwards to overthrow Ji'an, Jiangxi, and were about to capture Nanchang. However, Chen Jiongming besieged the presidential palace in Guangzhou, and Sun Yat-sen took refuge on the "Yongfeng" ship, causing Li Liejun to quickly return to his division to quell the rebellion. Unfortunately, by the time Li Liejun arrived at the Border of Guangdong, Sun Yat-sen had already gone to Shanghai, and the Second Dharma Protection Movement failed.
After Sun Yat-sen left, the situation in Guangdong was more complicated. Chen Jiongming could not control the situation and was quickly driven to the Chaoshan area. Li Liejun sent a telegram to Sun Yat-sen to guangzhou, and Sun sent a telegram to Shanghai: Before he returned to Guangzhou, Li would act on his behalf.
At this time, Duan Qirui, who had stepped down after the Zhiwan War, tried to make a comeback, and when he saw Li Liejun gaining momentum in Guangdong, he sent someone to give Li 1 million yuan with the ocean, in an attempt to win him over. Li Liejun accepted it in full, put it in an office of the headquarters, and named the house "Gold Storage Room", one as a revolutionary fund, and the other to help old friends in economic difficulties.
Whenever a friend visits, Li Liejun takes them to the "gold storage room" to visit, and introduces them with a smile: "This is a gift sent by Duan Qirui, and the person who sees it has a share, and you can take it at any time." "There is an old alliance member in Hunan, Qin Zhen, who is a friend of Li Liejun and the poorest friend of Li. Qin came to see Li, and Li Liejun took him to the "gold room" and asked him to use it at will. Qin Zhen wrapped 1,000 pieces of ocean in a package, but when he walked to the door, he couldn't move, and finally Li Liejun sent someone to get the hotel for him. Some people laughed at Li for being too stupid, if you put this money into your own pocket, you don't have to worry about the rest of your life. Li Liejun smiled after hearing this: "Money is something outside the body, life does not bring death and does not bring it, why should it be so important to see it!" Sun Yat-sen also laughed when he learned: "Li is cute." ”
In February 1923, Sun Yat-sen returned to Guangzhou. Cao Kun and Wu Peifu, who controlled Beiyang at that time, raised the banner of "restoring legal unity and restoring the National Assembly," and led by Wu Jinglian, speaker of the House of Representatives, attracted many members of the National Assembly to go north. In order to make sense of "jurisprudence," Sun Yat-sen formed the "Grand Marshal's Office" in Guangzhou and appointed himself the "Grand Marshal," Hu Hanmin as the general counselor of the base camp, Liao Zhongkai as minister of finance, Tan Yanmin as minister of internal affairs, Wu Zhaoshu as foreign minister, and Zhu Peide as chief of military service.
Li Liejun was elected as the "Border Defense Inspector of Fujian and Gansu", and garrisoned Shantou to deal with the remnants of Chen Jiongming. Li won the victory at the Shantou Banner and called Sun Yat-sen: "The situation here has made great progress over the past... Now it is planned that the full force will leave Chao Mei, and the murderer will carry out details and confirm the renewal of the report."
While the Northern Expedition of the Thief Army in Guangzhou showed success, Cao Kun was bribed in Beijing and was "officially" elected as the grand president; Sun Yat-sen lamented that the founding of the Republic of China only had a national name, not the reality of the Republic of China, and that "the failure of the revolution lies in the lack of revolutionary force." Li Liejun also felt that in order to eradicate the warlord division, it was necessary to build a revolutionary armed force, so he proposed to Sun Yat-sen to establish a military academy, and he said in his autobiography: "Yu suggested to the premier that in order to improve the party, it is urgent to train party and army cadres. Liao Zhongkai was financially long, but asked him to fully raise funds in the hope of quick results. On the first day of the school year, Yu and Tan Yanmin accompanied the Prime Minister to the school and attended the ceremony. Yu was ordered by the premier to explain the purpose of his party's building and army. "The Whampoa Military Academy was born.
On January 24, 1924, Sun Yat-sen, as Grand Marshal, appointed Chiang Kai-shek as the "Chairman of the Preparatory Committee" of the Whampoa Military Academy, and chose Huangpu Island, 40 miles from Guangzhou, as the site of the school.
Sun Yat-sen also saw that there were many shortcomings in the Kuomintang and decided to adopt the "three major policies of uniting with the Soviet Union, uniting with the Communist Party, and supporting peasants and workers" and uniting with the Communists in the Northern Expedition. Soon, the first national congress of the Kuomintang was held in Guangzhou, and Li Liejun was elected as a member of the Central Committee.
On the Beiyang side, Zhang Zuolin entered the pass to crush his immediate family of Cao Kun and Wu Peifu, and together with Feng Yuxiang controlled the Beijing regime, and the two elected Duan Qirui and Sun Yat-sen to jointly unify the north and south. In October 1924, Sun Yat-sen was invited north by Duan Qirui. Li Liejun accompanied him as the chief of staff of the Grand Marshal's Office, accompanied by Sun Ke, Dai Jitao, Wang Jingwei and others.
The proposed itinerary was to take Japan, then to Tianjin, and then to Beijing, Sun Yat-sen was already seriously ill at the time, and on the way Sun's liver disease recurred, Li Liejun suggested staying in Japan for treatment, Sun said: "The state affairs are at the head, there is no time to take care of this, and we will discuss it after we arrive in Tianjin." After arriving in Tianjin, Sun Yat-sen paid a special visit to Zhang Zuolin and said to Zhang: "In this battle of Fengzhi, the strength of Lai Gui's army to break Wu Peifu can really be a congratulations to Fengjun. Zhang replied, "If your family beats your own family, he is congratulated." "A look of indifference, arrogant and rude.
Li Liejun immediately stood up when he saw this: "Don't say this, if you don't eliminate the obstacles of the state, such as Cao Kun and Wu Peifu, then it is hopeless to seek the progress of the country and the happiness of the people." The congratulations of Prime Minister Sun Gong are really valuable, that is, you Master Zhang can deserve it. ”
Zhang Zuolin laughed after hearing this: "Chief of Staff Li can anbang, Wen can rule the country, Zhang Mou is not talented, and the premier has praised it falsely." Li Liejun said, "Zhang Dashuai responded to the republic, and Li admired it tightly." "The atmosphere was relaxed.
Sun Yat-sen went on to say: "The words of concord are also, since the founding of the Republic of China, those who have received my congratulatory message have only been heard by my brother. Zhang Zuolin was born in the grass and looked down on Wang Jingwei, Hu Hanmin and other literati, but he was quite impressed with Li Liejun, who was born in the military: "Premier Sun has such a capable person as General Li, and it seems that we can only choose to cooperate, and I do not want to make an enemy of General Li." ”
Shame on being in the company of Chiang Kai-shek
Unfortunately, sun Yat-sen's illness became more serious after he arrived in Beijing, and Feng Yuxiang was also squeezed out to the northwest, and the peace talks between the north and the south were once again stranded. At 9:00 a.m. on March 12, 1925, Sun Yat-sen died of illness, shocking the whole country and mourning the people. Song Qingling, Wang Jingwei, and others jointly asked Li Liejun to preside over the funeral.
The people thought that it was most appropriate to stop the prime minister and hold a funeral ceremony at the altar of sheji, so they informed the provisional ruling Duan Qirui. Duan sent a representative to contact Wang Jingwei and said with a high spirit: "We can only make public sacrifices at the Biyun Temple in Xishan, but we cannot treat funerals at the Altar of Sheji." Wang was overwhelmed and rushed to Li Liejun. Li Boran was furious, and the futureers taught Dun a harsh lesson: "Premier Sun is highly respected and has worked hard, and this time he went north with an illness and unfortunately died of illness, so he should hold a state funeral at the Sheji Altar, which is owned by the state and is not Duan Qirui's private property, so what reason does he have to disagree..."
These news appeared in the news the next day, and Duan Qirui, under the pressure of public opinion, had no choice but to agree to Li Liejun's request, and also falsely said that he wanted to personally offer sacrifices, but on the day of the public sacrifice, Duan refused to go on the pretext of illness and sent the chief minister of internal affairs to make sacrifices on behalf of the people. Li Liejun was very angry at Duan Qirui's untrustworthy behavior: "Duan Qirui is faint and old, and he can preside over state affairs. ”
During the public sacrifice, Li Liejun personally planned to tie the knot: "Cai Yue Tang Wu, Gong Gai Huan Wen, Ninety Thousand Li Zhen Wei Name, Heaven Grant Rusi!" There are no ancients before, and there are no people who come after; out of the festival, into the praise of the machine, twenty years of common suffering, the mountain decadence and peace! The top is the mourning of the country, and the bottom is the private mourning. The concurrent speech satirized Duan Qirui: "... Judging from today's facts, the premier's will is easy to see, but the figure of Duan Da's ruling is difficult to see... Those faint and decadent scum are absolutely unable to shoulder the heavy responsibility of national rejuvenation, and they and imperialism secretly hate the prime minister and are afraid of seeing his husband's face; when the prime minister is alive, they are afraid, and they are still afraid after death..."
Duan Qirui could not help Li Liejun, and worried about letting the tiger return to the mountains, he hired Li as the government's "chief of staff," but Li refused to take up his post, and at that time the Guangzhou government was acting as grand marshal by Hu Hanmin. Feng Yuxiang, the "Northwest Border Defense Inspector," had already heard of Li Da's name and specially invited him to Zhangjiakou to serve as the director of the Northwest Army. The Northwest Army evolved from the Beiyang Army and did not belong to the kuomintang control, and Li Liejun felt that Feng Yuxiang could be infected, and he himself went to the northwest army to promote the ideological transformation of officers and men, and could also cultivate a military force for the kuomintang in the north, so he gladly went there.
Feng Yuxiang has always admired Li Liejun, praising him for "combining great benevolence, great wisdom, and great courage" and "being a genius of today." Li Liejun took advantage of the opportunity of cooperation and cooperation to actively instill Sun Yat-sen's ideas of democratic revolution in Feng Yuxiang and his officers and soldiers, and under the influence of Li Liejun, Positive changes took place in Feng and the contingent led by him. Soon after, Feng Yuxiang telephoned the Kuomintang Central Committee and declared that "all 200,000 soldiers in the army will join the Kuomintang."
Zhang Zuolin, who controlled the Beijing regime, obviously did not want a "Kuomintang army" to appear in the north, and soon mobilized a large army to press Feng Yuxiang, and in August 1926, Feng Yuxiang was defeated by Zhang Zuolin, Yan Xishan, and Wu Peifu, and Li Liejun had to return to his hometown.
In October, the Northern Expeditionary Army led by Chiang Kai-shek entered Jiangxi and, in the name of the "Commander-in-Chief of the Northern Expedition," asked Li Liejun to "act" as chairman of the Jiangxi Provincial Government. Li once again presided over the Ganzheng administration, and the people of Jiangxi beat gongs and drums to welcome the "return of the governor to his hometown."
In the management of local government affairs, Li Liejun enforced the law strictly, made a clear distinction between right and wrong, and deeply lived up to the expectations of the people. In Jiangxi, there are many stories circulating about Chairman Li Zhigan, saying that one day Li Liejun went out on an inspection tour and saw that the guards had arrested a "bandit" and were preparing to escort the government for questioning. When Li saw that the arrested person, Yu Xuan'ang, went forward to inquire, and learned that he was forced by life to take a risk, so he told him about his teachings, asked his men to let him go, and also sent some money and food. The next day the man returned with a dozen of his accomplices, saying that he thanked the Governor (in fact, he should have called the chairman) for his grace not to kill, and that he would like to follow him before and after the saddle, and the others suspected that there was deception and persuaded Li Liejun to be on guard. Li said: "I treat others with sincerity, never kill an innocent person in vain, and He Huaide is afraid of prestige. Li Liejun incorporated these nongovernmental forces into the Northern Expedition -- Sun Chuanfang ran Jiangxi for several years and co-opted many gangs to serve them, and if these scattered nongovernmental forces were to make trouble with the Northern Expeditionary Army, it would also cause quite a lot of trouble.
Mr. Yang Zhongzi, the righteous son of Li Liejun, wrote in the article "Remembering The Righteous Father Li Liejun": "Although the righteous father enforced the law strictly, he never killed an innocent person in vain, and he often said, 'All the people I kill are all people who know that they can be killed, such as the elimination of bandits during the early years of the Republic of China, and the correct law of long zhengwen and Chen Xi ghost, who harmed the people the most, is the most heinous crime, and not killing is not enough for the people to be indignant. Whoever can be killed or not killed, I will not kill. If he cannot live, neither the dead nor I will regret it. 'The heart of a benevolent man overflows with words. ”
In the spring of 1927, after Chiang Kai-shek captured Nanjing, he established a separate "National Government", pushed Hu Hanmin as chairman, and confronted the Wuhan National Government, which was called "Ninghan Split" in history. Wang Jingwei, chairman of the Wuhan government, sent people to Jiangxi to woo Li Liejun, but Li did not express his position, and Wang was very dissatisfied, appointing Zhu Peide as chairman of the Jiangxi provincial government, and at the same time instigating some people in Jiangxi to overthrow Li. Li Liejun was quite indignant: "If I am not afraid of chaos and chaos, I would have waved my army to beat it up." Subsequently, Li Liejun handed over the provincial administration to Zhu Peide, left Gansu and entered Zhejiang himself, and wrote a poem to show his heart: "I am incompetent and I will go to it, and leave my heart to be fair."
In order to win over Li Liejun in Nanjing, Chiang Kai-shek specially sent someone to Nanjing to serve as a "standing committee member of the National Government" and a "standing committee member of the Central Military Commission." Li Liejun was reluctant to take office, telling people that he was "ashamed to be in the company of Chiang Kai-shek and the like." Sure enough, Chiang Kai-shek was soon suppressed by the joint efforts of Li Zongren of the Gui clan and Wang Jingwei of Wuhan and was forced to go into the wilderness. The Wuhan government announced on August 19 that the capital would be moved to Nanjing, and Wang Jingwei also arrived in Nanjing in early September.
Just as the nanjing regime was handed over, Sun Chuanfang took the opportunity to counterattack. The various factions on the Nanjing side were not convinced, and it was difficult for the Gui, Yue, Dian, and Gan armies to cooperate sincerely, so Li Liejun quickly rushed to Nanjing, because of Li's respect for his status, all the generals united and defeated Sun Jun under his command, so that the Nanjing regime could stand firm.
Although Chiang Kai-shek went to the wilderness, he secretly caused trouble among his henchmen; Wang Jingwei, Li Zongren, and Sun Ke could not control the political situation; the three factions of Han, Shanghai, and Ning achieved reconciliation on the basis of "endorsing the Qing Party and opposing communism," organized the "Central Special Committee," and jointly issued a declaration supporting Chiang Kai-shek's reinstatement, informing all members of the Kuomintang Central Committee to hold a meeting in Shanghai, but Li Liejun refused to attend. After Chiang Kai-shek was reinstated, he wanted to ask Li Liejun to be the chief of staff, but Li despised his people and left Nanjing, thus bidding farewell to the center.
Committed to the War of Resistance
In 1931, the "September 18" incident broke out, and Little Japan invaded and occupied our three northeastern provinces in just a few months. Under the national crisis, the whole country set off a wave of resistance against Japan. Li Liejun repeatedly telephoned Chiang Kai-shek, demanding that "politics be reformed and freedom of speech respected in order to maintain the will of the people and unanimously insult the people," and he traveled north and south to call for unity and resistance against Japan. He first visited The reclusive Feng Yuxiang on Mount Taishan, advised him to "help the crisis at the same time", and gave a poem: "And help the crisis to be stretched, and it is also difficult to care for the heavens and the earth, Kuang Lu returns to Dongshan Yuan, and the five old peaks look at the deceased." He also expressed his nostalgia in a handwritten letter in Penglai Pavilion: "Attacking the wrong stone, with the same Dan heart, supporting the society; the country and mountains are picturesque, and they all rely on their bare hands to hold qiankun." He then went to Shanxi and persuaded Yan Xishan to resist the Japanese together.
However, none of the new Kuomintang warlords wanted to be weakened in strength, and Chiang Kai-shek even shouted out the slogan of "outside must be at home," and Li Liejun was filled with indignation, writing in "Evening View of passing through the Jinling Boat": "Sighing that there are many cranes in the old garden, lazy to see the dragon struggle from the sea." After all, what is the reason for the wall, the galaxy armor washer. "It is ironic that Chiang Kai-shek, at this time, still disregarded the great righteousness of the famous people and suppressed the Workers' and Peasants' Red Army, and did some things that the brothers were doing.
In 1933, Feng Yuxiang gathered the old department in Zhangjiakou to organize the Anti-Japanese Allied Army, and the responders gathered and drove all the Japanese puppet troops out of Chahar in less than a month. Chiang Kai-shek was worried that Feng Yuxiang would not be able to benefit himself after he sat down, and he neither recognized the legitimacy of the anti-Japanese allies nor gave material support. Li Liejun telephoned the Kuomintang Central Committee to say something for Feng Yuxiang, praising Feng for "acting boldly with righteousness and aiming to recover the lost land," and proposing to "grant great power and assume great responsibility." He also traveled to Andromeda, Nanjing, Shanghai, Zhangjiakou, Lushan, and other places many times, but he was never able to move Chiang Kai-shek, and when he was disappointed, he could only give poems to ridicule Chiang Kai-shek's foolishness and arrogance: "Looking back at the vast sky, the waves are rolling in, and the blind man is operating a huge ship. "Treating Chiang Kai-shek as a politically blind man and improperly governing the country, I don't know where to lead this huge ship of China?
After the outbreak of the Lugou Bridge War, Li Liejun was over fifty years old and seriously ill, so he sent all five of his sons to the army, two of whom were studying at the university, and mobilized them to interrupt their studies and go to the battlefield. In order to encourage his children to kill the enemy heroically, he wrote a poem to give: "I send my children out of the countryside, and kill all the Wokou Fang to return." Buried bones Why mulberry land, there are green mountains everywhere in the world. Later, Li's eldest son, Li Ganpeng, was killed in the Battle of Zhongtiao Mountain.
In December 1937, Li Liejun came to Wuhan with an illness to advise Chiang Kai-shek in person. At a certain meeting, Chiang Kai-shek saw this Elder of Xinhai, hurriedly got up to give way, and asked, "Does Sir have anything to say?" Lee said, "I came here to talk." But what I said, Mr. Jiang may not listen, or leave it alone..."
Chiang Kai-shek knew that Lee would satirize himself, but he was a Kuomintang elder, and because of the affection of the people, he had to invite him to the seat. So Li Liejun made a generous statement: "I have only four words to say to Mr. Chiang: First, unite against Japan and never waver; second, drive away the capitulators around you; third, go and ask the Soviet Union to help; fourth, always think of the common people..." Chiang Kai-shek listened very respectfully, nodded his head, and said: "This... This one...... Good...... Okay". Li Liejun finished speaking and left.
Zhou Enlai was serving as deputy director of the Political Department of the Military Commission in the National Government at that time, and Li Liejun had known him since he was at the Whampoa Military Academy. The indoor light in the room was very dark, and Zhou Lianlian apologized: "This house is too dark, I had to ask Mr. to sit at will, I am really sorry..." Li Liejun said humorously: "Mo relationship, Mo relationship, Mr. Zhou, we are all accustomed to talking about light in the dark, we are not afraid of the dark!" ”
After the victory of the War of Resistance Against Japanese Aggression, Li Liejun actively called for the early establishment of a coalition government, writing: "On July 7, 2006 of the Republic of China, the Lugou Bridge War broke out, the whole country unanimously resisted Japan, shed blood and sacrificed, the allies helped us, and finally won the victory, and all unequal treaties were abolished. However, the Three People's Principles created by the Prime Minister are allowed to be the foundation of the founding of the country, and he earnestly hopes that the whole country will be able to achieve good deeds and promote sincerity and hope that they will be realized at an early date. ”
Unfortunately, Chiang Kai-shek brazenly launched a civil war, and the disease-ridden Li Liejun could no longer run for state affairs.
On February 22, 1946, Li Liejun, the elder of Xinhai, died in Chongqing due to hypertensive myocardial infarction at the age of 64. In addition to sending condolence telegrams from the CPC Central Committee, Zhou Enlai and Dong Biwu also personally came to mourn, and the National Government explicitly ordered a state funeral to be buried in Wuning County, Jiangxi Province, the general's hometown.
Well, today's article ends here, friends who like history and real estate knowledge, you can pay attention to Xiao A, and every day will update the good article ^_^
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