Since the Jin Dynasty destroyed the Gong clan, the jin clan power was almost eliminated, and the Jin Wen Gong paid attention to cultivating the forces of different surnames, and the reuse of the Jin dynasty made the power of these Jin families with different surnames continue to grow, which were represented by the Fox, Zhao, Wei, Zhongxing, Xian, Xu and other families.
Among these clans with different surnames, there have been many virtuous and loyal people with both moral integrity and ability, bravery and scheming, as well as some traitors who have flattered and deceived the lord and misled the country and the people, and of course, some people have different historical roles in different historical periods, so they are people with mixed reputations.
1) A virtuous and loyal minister
The five sages who followed the heavy ear into exile must be the preferred figures of the loyal and righteous: Zhao Wan, Hu Yan, Jia Tuo, Xianxun and Wei Wuzi, the five of whom followed all the way, defying the difficult situation, and were actually loyal subjects, of which Zhao Wan and Hu Yan were particularly prominent.
Zhao Wanshijun was loyal and far-sighted, and as the head of the five wise men who accompanied Duke Wen of Jin, Zhao Wan, who followed Duke Wen of Jin and lived in exile for nineteen years, during which he was not only loyal and loyal, but also able to advise Duke Wen of Jin in time, pointing out the impropriety of his approach, and was a good courtier, but also a good partner of Duke Wen of Jin, and Duke Wen's return to China was indispensable to Zhao Wan.
Sima Qian pointed out in the "History of the Zhao Shijia": "The Duke of Wen was so anti-national and hegemonic, and there were many Strategies for the decline of Zhao. Here Sima Qian explained the role of Zhao Wan in the return of Duke Wen of Jin. Fox Yan is also, for the uncle of heavy ears, at the critical moment to remind heavy ears, heavy ears exile to Qi envoys, indulging in sound, unwilling to leave, when forcibly taken away from the country of Qi, to take Ge to beat fox Yan, at this time Fox Yan is not humble, said: "Kill the courtiers into sons, Yan's wish is also." ”
How loyal it was to put his own life aside in order to inspire his heavy ears to continue to move forward and achieve hegemony. Gu Donggao's evaluation of the courtiers during the exile of Duke Wen of Jin was very high, "YuGuan Jin Huyan, Zhao Wan, and Xu Chen, the three people, who died in 10,000 deaths, were fortunate to return to the country after nineteen years of their sons, even if their talents were mediocre, they should also be the first to do their best, and all three of them were talented in the world."
This is the virtue of wen gong, but also the luck of luck, born these three people as the uncle of Chang Jin. Although the five sages recorded in the Zuo Zhuan are different from those in the Records of History, it is not difficult for Mr. Guan Gu to see that the sages around The Duke Wen of Jin at that time were actually the humeral ministers of The Duke of Wen, helping Duke Wen to achieve hegemony.
Of course, there are still many talented people in the Jin Dynasty. Such as wisdom and benevolence, due diligence, the overall situation as the most important entourage. When Xun Lin's father asked for death due to defeat, suihui spoke for him, and advised Jing Gong and Xun Lin's father on the fact that the death of Ziyu after the Battle of Chengpu made Wengong happy, which showed the wisdom of suihui to learn from history.
Hao Zhi was even more loyal. Jin Ligong wanted to kill Sanhao, and Hao wanted to fight with the soldiers to the death, but was persuaded by Haozhi to stop: "Faith does not rebel against the king, wisdom does not harm the people, and courage does not cause trouble." Who is with me if you lose all three? I'm dead ears! The loyal and righteous should not rebel against the king, the wise should not endanger the people, the brave should not rise up a rebellion, and when they are dying, they still adhere to these three beliefs and resolutely go to death.
Such integrity is admirable.
There was also Wei Dai during the Jin Dynasty, who enforced the law strictly, and the Grand Duke was selfless, far-sighted, and proud of his achievements. When Yang, the younger brother of the Duke of Jin, interfered with the army camp, Wei Dai executed Yang Gan's coachman.
And to help the Duke of Jin mourn to appease the Rong people, Gu Dong was higher than this: "The most successful person of Wei Dai is in the strategy of Dinghe Rong, and in the strategy of concentrating on the middle of the summer, building up the people's plot, so that the national strength is inexhaustible, then it is obtained from the foundation of the country." Not only that, Wei Dai was not greedy for fame, and in the eleventh year of the Jin Dynasty (562 BC), because Wei Dai appeased Rong Di and assisted the Jin Dynasty Jiuhe princes with meritorious service, the Duke of Jin decided to reward Wei Dai's band, and Wei Dai resigned three times before accepting it." Jean, lord of the rites also. ”
Such a virtuous courtier, not only has wisdom and strategy, but also teaches etiquette, which not only makes a great contribution to the restoration of the Jin Dynasty, but also sets an example for future generations of sages.
In addition, in addition to Zhao Wan, Zhao Su was the Duke of Jin, and Zhao Dun repeatedly addressed the Duke of Jin, etc., and also showed his loyalty to the State of Jin, no wonder Sima Qian said to the "Zhao Shijia" yun in the "Taishi Gong Self-Prologue": "Wei Ji'er, is Zhang's father." Zhao Suo's dedication, decay and continued to fade.
King Zowen was honored as King, and died as Jinfu. Xiangzi is trapped and humiliated, but the bird Zhibo. The Lord Father was bound and starved to death. If the king moves to fornication, the good will be rebuked. Jia Martingale discussed the chaos of Zhou and wrote the thirteenth "Zhao Shijia". Here, Sima Qian gave a high evaluation to the ancestors of the Zhao clan, of whom Zhao Su and Zhao Wan were all heroes of the Jin Dynasty.
(2) A traitorous courtier
During the Reign of Duke Hui of Jin, he was a great courtier. In the fourth year of the Jin Dynasty (647 BC), the Jin State suffered a famine and turned to the Qin State for help, and although the Duke of Qin Miao was dissatisfied with the untrustworthy villainous behavior of the Jin Huigong, he believed that the people were innocent and should not be implicated, so he generously donated to the Jin State and solved the problem of famine in the Jin State.
A year later, when the State of Qin suffered a famine and asked the State of Jin for assistance, Yu Yu did not think of the favor of the State of Qin, but instead fell into the well, advising the Duke of Jin hui to take the opportunity to attack the State of Qin, and also said that this was Providence. Such those who are ungrateful, who do not live in harmony with their neighbors, and who do not cherish the people are really misleading the country and the people. No wonder the "Commentary on the History of History" quotes Wang Weizhen as saying: "The Pi Yu shooter is enough to defeat Jin'er." ”
During the Jin Jinggong period, the defeat of the Jin dynasty and the defeat of the Jin state in the battle of the Jin Chu Dynasty were all due to the belligerence of the first hub, not only that, when the first hub caused a big mistake, the first hub did not think of repentance, absconded in fear of the crime, and colluded with the State of Zhai to attack the State of Jin, so the act of collaborating with the enemy and treason was abhorrent. Mao Kun commented on xianyi: "The first hub shamed the wrong Jin, so he ran to Zhai and rebelled, and his clan should be yiyi." ”
He judged the act of extermination and believed that his extermination was self-inflicted. Mao Kun of the "Commentary on The History of Lin" criticized the Jin Dynasty's favored minister Xu Tong, who used the public for personal gain and framed the loyal subjects, which can be described as a bad deed. For the sake of personal grievances, after the defeat of the Chu state in the Battle of Yanling in Jin and Chu, he actually disregarded the great interests of the country and the dignity of the country and secretly sent people to apologize to the king of Chu, who had no national interests in his eyes, only personal grievances, and his narrow-mindedness and the inches of his eyes were really disgusting. Not only that, Xu Tong also exterminated the Jin ministers, and after killing Sanhao, he still did not give up, instigating Jin Ligong to eliminate Luan Shu and Zhongxing Yan.
In order to stabilize his position in the Jin state, Xu Tong did not hesitate to kill the important ministers of the state, and his behavior undermined the stability and balance of the internal politics of the Jin state, and it was also because he suggested killing Luan and the Bank of China, although Li Gong did not accept it, but it also laid the foundation for the future Luan Shu and the Zhonghang Yan party to kill Jin Li Gong, which once again led to the internal strife in the Jin state, and it is not too much to say that this person will harm the country and the people.
Of course, the traitorous ministers are not only three people, Yu Shooter, Xian Hub and Xu Tong, but because of their bad behavior, they are the most typical, so they are listed here.
(3) A person with a dual personality of good and evil
Like the Jin Dynasty, there are also such people with mixed reputations among the Jin Guoqing doctors, Mr. Yang Shuzeng said: "Due to the variability and complexity of the social struggle, the characters involved in the social struggle are also in change, and the character image of the "History" also shows changeability and complexity, needless to say that the status and role of the characters in the social struggle often rise and fall, and even the same person may be a hero who promotes the development of history in this period, and may play an ugly role in hindering the progress of history in that period." ”
Indeed, historical figures are not one-sided, they have their complexity and variability, and they have their interlacing of good and evil, and the contrast between the good and bad poles of the characters in "History of the Jin Dynasty" is more obvious than the first.
Xianxun, after the second generation of the Jin Wengong and the Jin Xianggong, during the Jin Wengong for the Wengong to advise, the victory of the Battle of Chengpu was indispensable, but during the Jin Xianggong, because of its belligerence and greed, it was criticized by people. Xianxun first appeared in the "History of the Jin Dynasty" as one of the five people during the exile of Duke Wen of Jin, and appeared more frequently after the return of Duke Wen of Jin.
In the fourth year of the Jin Dynasty (633 BC), he advocated that the Jin Wen Gong repay the Song State for the gift of horses in order to determine hegemony; in the fifth year of the Jin Wen Gong (632 BC), when the Jin Wen Gong was difficult to choose between saving the Song and attacking Chu, he first offered a plan, killing two birds with one stone, and the Jin State did not spend a single soldier to relieve the Song Siege and push the Chu army; in the same year, during the Battle of Chengpu in Jinchu, Xianxun once again offered the strategy of delaying the army, laying the foundation for the victory of the Jin State in the Battle of Chengpu.
In this way, during the period of Jin Wengong, Xianxun made many speeches, offered advice in critical moments, and helped Wengong to seek hegemony. However, during the Jin Xianggong period, the belligerent and greedy deeds of the first generation were criticized by people. In the Battle of Qin and Jin, Xianxun insisted on attacking the Qin army, ignoring the initial death of Duke Wen of the Jin Dynasty, the initial establishment of the Xianggong, the unstable situation, and did not listen to Luan Zhi's words, and sent an army to meet the battle, although the Jin State won, but because of the young age of the XiangGong, he let the tiger return to the mountain, laying the foundation for the future of the Jin State.
A few years later, the State of Qin made a comeback, capturing the Jin king Yi and capturing the new city. In this regard, the "Commentary on the History of TheOry" quotes the "Saying Garden": "If you want to gain fame for merit, then because Qin does not falsely say the tao, please ask the master to ask for the kun, hit it, and the horse has only a wheel, and the person who has no wheel is angry with Qin." The country of the deceased has been a disaster for more than ten years, and it has plagued the ministers and worried about the future generations, so the warlike ministers must not fail to observe it. ”
This statement criticizes the behavior of the ancestors who covet fame and disregard the overall situation. Not only that, Ling Zhilong also expressed dissatisfaction with Xianxun's approach. "Qin and Jin are married, and they cannot be fought, but Qin and Jin are virtuous? Luan Zhi said that he did not repay his untouchables, and he was good at inheriting the ambitions of the previous king. Xianxun did not lead Xiang Gong to the path of succession, and caused fierce obedience to Rong, and Bo was also very poor. This remark criticized Xianxun's disregard for etiquette and lack of credibility, and also pointed out that he did not fulfill his duties as a subject and did not correctly guide Xiang Gong's shortcomings.