Next to a steaming teapot, two Nationalist generals gathered around a table. He expressed different views on Chiang Kai-shek's handwritten warrant: "We must take the initiative to seek fighters, fight out, and give Lin Biao enough pressure?" ...... What kind of crazy order is President Jiang?
Now let us, the hungry soldiers, to draw Lin Biao's attention, he really is..."
"You're right, we're outcasts, but we're soldiers after all... You must work with the New Seventh Army to a certain extent to break through, and in addition, you must pay more attention to the internal situation of the Sixty Army..."
This is the CCTV hit TV series "Armageddon", Zeng Zesheng, commander of the Sixty Army, and Zheng Dongguo, deputy commander-in-chief of the Northeast Suppression Campaign, are disheartened and cold. Although at that time, when Zheng Dongguo arranged the task of breaking through, Commander Zeng Zesheng only said, "The morale of the troops is low, and there is no hope for our Sixty Army to break through", Zheng Dongguo did not expect that Zeng Zesheng had already made up his mind and sent people out of the city to secretly contact the People's Liberation Army and prepare for an uprising.
The TV series "Armageddon" eventually zeng Zesheng successfully revolted, but any real history is never smooth. So, why is Zeng Ze's spring uprising full of thrills?
(General Zeng Zesheng)
The cause of the matter still has to start from the fact that Liu Haofen wrote a letter of illness and asked for help from the head of the Northeast Field Army, Commander Lin Biao sent an urgent telegram, and Chairman Mao, who received the report, personally drafted a reply telegram.
(Chairman Mao)
1. Chairman Mao Yan'an will
Liu Hao, formerly known as Liu Jian, pseudonym Liu Ruojian, a native of Yunnan, was the son-in-law of Lu Guofan, commander of the Yunnan Provincial Gendarmerie In the 1940s. An underground worker of our party born in Yunnan.
Liu Hao is also the prototype of Minister Jiang in the 1960s of the last century, filmed by Changchun Film Studio, reflecting the peaceful liberation of Changchun, the film "Soldiers Under the City".
(Stills from the movie "Soldiers In the City")
On April 26, 1946, Liu Jian and his wife, receiving a notice from the central organization, led by Commander-in-Chief Zhu De, met with Chairman Mao Zedong and accepted a new task. Chairman Mao said in a serious tone: "Plotting against the Dian Army is the most arduous task, and you must do a good job."
Under the arrangement of the superior leaders, Liu Jian changed his name to Liu Hao, and a week later, he set off from Yan'an, boated and cared, and came to Hebei, where I was in the Liaoning Border Region. Under the arrangement of the local underground party organization, Liu Hao disguised himself as a deaf-mute son of a peasant who had entered the city and took the opportunity to deliver military food to the Kuomintang army and blended into the enemy-occupied areas.
He got in touch with Zhang Shiming, deputy commander of the provisional Eighteenth Division and an underground party member of our party, and a special person sent Liu Hao to garrison the headquarters of Zeng Zesheng's Sixtieth Army in Fushun City, Liaoning Province.
At this time, when the party organization at a higher level lost contact, Yang Zhong (real name Yang Bin), an underground worker of our party, the deputy officer of the Sixtieth Army, and the director of the colonel's department, was worried that the new party members could not develop, the information could not be transmitted, and when the frown was not displayed, suddenly one day, a mysterious person entered his office.
"Yang Zhong, who do you see me"? Yang Zhong looked up and recognized at a glance that the person who came was no one else, it was Liu Ruojian, an old friend who had been reunited for a long time in Luopanqiao, Yunnan. Ecstatic, he stood up, and the two embraced each other tightly.
After taking over the relationship, Liu Hao not only conveyed the instructions of the head of the central government in a timely manner, but also under the arrangement of Yang Zhong, under the pseudonym Zhao Zhenhua, carried out underground work as a quartermaster of the Sixty Army, and with Ye Jianying's approval, began to plot rebellion against the Sixty Army.
In October 1946, Zeng Zesheng's 60th Army, under the orders of Liang Huasheng, the commander of the Kuomintang Northeast Security Commander and Deputy Commander, went to Jilin City to deploy. Zeng Zesheng's military commander painstakingly managed and ordered Yang to re-engage in the jilin city defense plan map, and under his eyes, the gods did not know it, and the ghost did not realize it, and it reached Liu Hao's hands. Through the secret traffic officers sent by Liu Hao, this map of the jilin city defense plan was presented to the Liberated Areas and sent to the desk of Lin Biao, the commander of the Northeast Field Army.
(Commander Long Yao)
2 Refusal to accept
In 1948, on September 26 and 28, Zeng Zesheng, commander of the Sixty Army, who had been trapped for several months, secretly met with Long Yao, commander of the provisional 21st Division, and Bai Zhaoxue, commander of the 182nd Division, and others, and decided to hold an uprising. Zhang Bingchang and Li Zheng, who had been released from our army who had been captured, were dispatched, and with a joint letter handwritten by Bai Zhaoxue and signed by Zeng, Long, and Bai, they came out of the checkpoint and found the People's Liberation Army.
According to the liaison method arranged in advance, the joint letter was handed over to the Political Liaison Department of the First Corps of the Northeast Field Army and minister Liu Hao.
Therefore, Liu Hao found Tang Tianji, deputy political commissar and director of the Political Department of the Northeast Field Army, and found Pan Suduan, the former commander of the 184th Division of the Haicheng Uprising Unit of the Sixty Army, and pan Suduan, current deputy chief of staff of the First Corps, to study the situation together.
In the end, Liu Pan and the two men concluded: "The time is ripe for the sixty army to revolt, and it is logical that someone should be sent to contact them immediately." Liu Hao was even more confident and said, "If necessary, he can go to Changchun for a walk."
(Lieutenant General Tang Tianji)
Deputy Political Commissar Tang Tianji also nodded his head in agreement and decided to call the Corps Headquarters to report the situation and then determine the next action plan.
However, unexpectedly, after the phone call, Tang Tianji came to the Corps Headquarters, a surprising news.
Tang Tianji told Liu Hao that Pan Suoduan, the corps headquarters believed, "The uprising of the Sixty Army is deceitful, and the breakthrough is true." Deliberately play sloppy and confuse our army"!
Liu Hao, Pan Suoduan suddenly froze.
Tang Tianji also added, "According to the information just obtained by the corps headquarters, the Zhengdongguo defenders in Changchun have received orders from Chiang Kai-shek to take advantage of the opportunity of our army's southward march to the Beining line and attack Jinzhou to make a large-scale breakthrough toward Shenyang and Yingkou."
In a joint letter signed by Zeng Zesheng and others, it was proposed that after the success of the Uprising of the Sixty Army, the area where the troops would be concentrated was exactly the area east of the periphery of Changchun, and our army would mainly block and block the positions. In addition, a few days ago, the Sixty Army also participated in a breakout operation of the enemy in Changchun, and although the number of troops dispatched was small, the artillery fire was very fierce."
Seeing that the fruits of nearly two years of hard work were about to be lost, Liu Hao was anxious. At the suggestion of Deputy Political Commissar Tang, in his capacity as the Director of the Political Department and the Forward Office of the Northeast Military Region, he wrote directly to the Northeast Bureau and the Northeast Military Region, directly reporting that "the Corps Headquarters and the Corps Political Department have different views and huge differences on this matter when the Sixty Army demands an uprising."
Liu Hao sent people to take a train that day, and after going to Harbin to deliver the letter, he and Pan Suduan rode non-stop and drove straight to the Northeast Field Army and the headquarters of the First Corps.
It is reasonable to say that the sixty army's request for an uprising was a very good thing for the troops of the Northeast Field Army that besieged Changchun. However, why, the commander of the battle-hardened First Corps of Dongye, think that "the Sixty Army is deceitful, and the breakthrough is true?" ”
The historical details that few people mention prove that this "misjudgment" is inseparably related to the comparison of troops in the siege of Changchun in Dongye and the troops trapped in Changchun Zhengdongguo. What's going on?
To put it simply, at that time, inside and outside changchun, the ratio of troops between the enemy and us was almost equal.
Originally, before our army went south to the Beining Line, it sent the twelfth column plus twelve independent divisions to besiege Changchun, but according to the telegram instruction issued by the Central Military Commission to "ignore the two enemies of Chang (Chun) and Shen (Yang)," all the main forces of our Northeast Field Army were transferred to Jinzhou.
(Image of the Liaoshen Campaign)
Only the twelfth column and the strength of six independent divisions remained to encircle the enemy in Changchun.
After the Battle of Jinzhou began, in order to speed up the course of the operation, the Twelfth Column was ordered to fight south, and our army besieged Changchun, which at one time had only six independent divisions.
After discovering that Changchun was defending the enemy and showing signs of preparing to break through, he hurriedly dispatched the Sixth Column to Changchun, planning to rely on the Smoke Tube Mountain and the area along the Siping Line to prepare to defend the enemy in Changchun who was trying to break through, and adopt the tactics of fortifying at all levels and encircling and blocking, and destroying them in one fell swoop.
That is why the commanders of the First Corps of the Northeast Field Army mostly believe that "the breakthrough of the Sixty Army is true", the key reason.
(In 1947, Xiao Jinguang took a photo when he was the commander of the Liaodong Military Region))
3 Please ask Chairman Mao
As soon as the military meeting on the breakthrough operations of the Changchun defenders was over, Liu Hao and Pan Suduan, who had been waiting for a long time, handed over a joint letter from Zeng Zesheng and others to the commander of the First Corps, and it was expected that something would happen.
A commander of our army, after reading the letter, threw it on the ground in anger and shouted loudly, "Liar, there is not even a chapter." What does it mean not to say a word about the attitude of the New Seventh Army? The line from Xinglong Mountain to Shibeiling Is the main blocking position of our army. Let the Sixty Army not have to shoot a bullet, drive to wherever it is, and then break through"?
Liu Hao stood up, picked up the joint letter again, handed it to Commander Xiao Jinguang, and looked at Commander Xiao with eager eyes.
According to the "Chronicle of the Northeast Liberation War" and "Memoirs of Xiao Jinguang," as early as the Red Army period, Commander Xiao Jinguang, who had rich political work experience, waved his hand to the commanders under his command, so that everyone could take it seriously and listen to Liu Hao's meticulous report.
After Liu Hao made a detailed report, Pan Suoduan, who was standing on the side, supplemented it, pointing out that the Kuomintang army's handwritten documents were usually common sense that they were not stamped. And judging the authenticity of the Uprising of the Sixty Army, he volunteered and was willing to venture into the city to negotiate.
After listening to the report, Commander Xiao Jinguang immediately expressed his position, "I agree with the opinions of comrades Liu Hao and Pan Suoduan. Judging from the situation on the battlefield, the Sixty Army wanted to survive, and there was no other way but to revolt. If the Sixtieth Army really revolts, it will not only be of decisive significance for the liberation of Changchun, but will also accelerate the process of war for the liberation of Northeast China. Taking a step back, even if they slip their heads and really break through, it's no big deal, at most a few more battles. Jinzhou has been taken by our army, and the initiative has already fallen into the hands of our army."
In this way, Commander Xiao Jinguang's insightful and to the point of his analysis was quickly unanimously agreed by the commanders present. Therefore, Xiao Jinguang immediately dispatched Xie Fang, chief of staff of the First Corps, to send contacts with Zeng Zesheng to discuss the specific matters of the uprising, and asked the Sixty Army to cooperate with our army in eliminating the New Seventh Army; at the same time, Zeng Zesheng was contacted with the uprising and the opinions on the disposition of the corps, and reported them to the Northeast Bureau and the Northeast Field Army Headquarters.
(Lin Biao)
According to historical records, at this critical moment, Lin Biao, commander of the Northeast Field Army, who received Liu Hao and sent a report, immediately called back to the headquarters of the First Corps, "We should believe that the 60th Army is a real uprising."
Lin Biao, who has always been very bold in handling things on the battlefield, also sent a telegram to the Central Military Commission asking for instructions. This 100,000-hot telegram soon flew to the small mountain village of Xibaipo in Pingshan County, Hebei Province, in the hands of Chairman Mao Zedong...
The subsequent course of history shows that Commander Lin Biao's telegram of instructions and the judgment that the Sixty Army is a true uprising are correct.
(Chairman Mao)
4 Chairman Mao's urgent telegram
Just as the chief of staff for liberation was discussing with Zhang Bingchang and Li Zheng, who had been sent by Zeng Zesheng, to determine a preliminary policy, and Zhang and Li had not yet returned to the city, a situation suddenly appeared in Zeng Zesheng's military commander.
It turned out that Zheng Dongguo summoned Zeng Zesheng to a meeting at the Corps Headquarters to convey Chiang Kai-shek's order to break through. Although it was a thrill, it still made people sweat in a cold sweat.
A week before Zeng Zesheng led the uprising, Chiang Kai-shek sent inspector Li Keting from Nanjing, zhang Enming, the former head of the Changchun district of the Central Bureau of Statistics, Xiang Naiguang, director of the Military Command Bureau, and a number of other leaders of Kuomintang secret agents, to inspect the work of the 50th to 60th Army at intervals of three to five to sixty. On the grounds of the so-called consultation on the judgment of the military situation and the understanding of the morale of officers and men, he secretly observed the every move of the Sixty Army.
As soon as they find that the officers and men are shaken, they will take action immediately, and the consequences will be unimaginable.
After Zeng Zesheng listened to the reports of Zhang Bingchang and Li Zheng, he resolutely sent Li Zuo as the commander of the two deputy divisions of Emperor Xiaozong as the official negotiators of the Sixty Army. The two men took the warrants from Zheng Dongguo, Chiang Kai-shek's warrants, and Wei Lihuang's instruction letters, personally handed them over to Ren Tang Tianji, deputy political commissar of the First Corps, and relayed the three opinions of Commander Zeng Zesheng:
"After the success of an uprising, I hope not to scatter the troops,
After the Second Uprising, the Sixty Army was to go or stay, and the request was clear,
The main force of Wei Lihuang in san Shenyang had been basically brought out by Liao Yaoxiang to reinforce Jinzhou, and suggested that the People's Liberation Army march south and take Shenyang directly."
(Sixty Army)
According to historical records, after a long night, the Sixty Army finally waited for Chairman Mao Zedong, who had transferred from the Northeast Military Region, to write a 100,000-strong and urgent reply letter in his own handwriting.
In this telegram, Chairman Mao wrote: "The Northeast Bureau, Lin Luoliu, you two milling electricity, and transferring a corps to delete the telegram, you know that your policy of winning the uprising of the Sixty Army is correct, and the analysis and disposition of the Sixty Army by the First Corps is also correct, but the Sixty Army must show a little attitude toward the New Seventh Army, and do not exceed the limits of what they can do... As long as the Sixty Army can be dragged out of Changchun, driven into the area designated by us, willing to join the PLA sequence, and issue a telegram expressing its opposition to US imperialism and the Kuomintang reactionaries... Supporting the Communist Party of China and supporting the Chinese People's Liberation Army is enough"...
Chairman Mao Zedong was originally with the Sixty Army, but from this unique letter, commander Zeng Zesheng, studied such a thorough telegram, it is not difficult to see that a generation of great people has no details and has a far-sighted strategic vision, which is beyond the reach of the dust!
In this way, the uprising of Commander Zeng Zesheng and the Sixty Army was approved and supported by Chairman Mao Zedong.
General Xiao Jinguang, the founding general of new China, wrote in his memoir "Liberation of Changchun" that "the peaceful liberation of Changchun is due to the wise deployment of the Party Central Committee and Chairman Mao." General Zeng Zesheng understood the great righteousness and resolutely revolted to contribute to the Changchun Uprising. General Zheng Dongguo led his troops to surrender, which was also welcomed by the people. Those who have done good deeds for the cause of the people's liberation will not be forgotten by the people."
5 Zeng Zesheng led the Sixty Army to a thrilling success in the uprising
Speaking of this, everyone should understand why Zeng Ze's Spring Uprising was full of twists and turns. More thrilling, however, is yet to come.
According to the most authoritative historical data, "The New Seventh Army Surrenders", published in October 1988, the "Changchun Literature and History Materials" records that just after Zeng Zesheng, commander of the Sixtieth Army, ordered the seizure of Chiang Kai-shek's concubines, Li Song, commander of the provisional Fifty-second Division, and detained Xu Shumin, chief of staff of the Sixtieth Army, an unexpected thing happened.
Ouyang Wu, the deputy commander of the provisional Fifty-second Division, pretended to agree to obey the command and approve of the uprising, and after returning to the division headquarters from the residence of Li Song, he took the opportunity to make a phone call to Zheng Dongguo, the deputy commander-in-chief of the Northeast Suppression Army, and secretly informed the Sixty Army of the news of preparing for the uprising.
Why did Ouyang Wu report to Zheng Dongguo? It all starts with him, who likes to brag about.
Although he was born in the Whampoa Military Academy, Ouyang Wu, who was a concubine of Chiang Kai-shek, was an officer who was never reused. This is a far cry from Li Song, who participated in the War of Resistance Against Japanese Aggression and fought in the Battle of Nanjing, the Battle of Xuzhou, the Battle of Changsha, the Battle of Changde, and so on, and became the commander of the Provisional Fifty-second Division.
Li Song not only gained the full trust of Zheng Dongguo and was responsible for monitoring the movements of the Sixty Army, but Chiang Kai-shek also specially sent planes to drop medicines, American cans, and letters of condolence for him.
(Qu Qiubai Martyr)
And Ouyang Wu, who no one cared about, in order to attract everyone's attention, usually played a trick of deception, what, Qu Qiubai, one of the main leaders of the early days of the Communist Party of China, was arrested by his division; Chairman Mao Zedong's third brother, comrade Mao Zeqin, a revolutionary martyr, was his Ouyang Wu when he was the battalion commander, in a battle to encircle and suppress the Red Army guerrillas, XXXX.
Although this is nothing more than a lie that Ouyang Wu said in the river, it cannot withstand the scrutiny of history at all, but what should he do when he put gold on his face like this, when he thinks that after the Sixty Army decided to revolt, his bragging past will be investigated in the future?
Therefore, in order to save his life, Ouyang Wu had to report to Zheng Dongguo. Fortunately, Zheng Dongguo habitually believed that the provisional Fifty-second Division had always been incompatible with the Sixty Army, and had neither accepted nor taken "any" action against the Sixtieth Army, until he received a letter of persuasion from Commander Zeng Zesheng and woke up like a dream and missed the time.
Seeing Zheng Dongguo, Ouyang Wu, who had not taken any action, had to order the troops to move with the military headquarters. After the uprising of the Sixty Army, Ouyang Wu was criticized and censored and transferred to the famous Fushun War Criminals Management Center.
In the 1960s, Ouyang Wu was granted amnesty as a war criminal. In the 1980s, the Supreme People's Court retried and decided to "revoke the previous amnesty decision and implement the policy according to the treatment of insurrection personnel."
The reason for the revocation of the decision was that Ouyang Wu's whistle-blowing behavior had not succeeded and caused serious consequences, and when it was found that the whistle-blowing had no effect, he still issued an order to the troops to revolt, and according to the principle of "leniency should not be strict", therefore, he was treated according to the conditions for participating in the revolution before the founding of New China, and enjoyed the treatment of retired veteran cadres.
(In 1948, during the Liaoshen Campaign, Xiao Jinguang (center) and Xiao Hua (left) met with Zeng Zesheng, commander of the Kuomintang 60th Army in Changchun, who led the uprising.
6 People will not forget
On October 17, 1948, more than half a century had passed since the Changchun Uprising, leaving a glorious page in the history of the Chinese Liberation War. Although the righteous deeds of the 60th Army of the Yunnan Dian Army of the Anti-Japanese Army have long been in history, the senior generals of our party and our army still gave Zeng Zesheng a very high evaluation of his feats.
(Changchun Liberation Photo)
General Xiao Jinguang, one of the founding generals of New China, wrote in his memoir " Liberation of Changchun " , " The peaceful liberation of Changchun is due to the wise deployment of the Party Central Committee and Chairman Mao. General Zeng Zesheng understood the great righteousness and resolutely revolted to contribute to the Changchun Uprising. General Zheng Dongguo led his troops to surrender, which was also welcomed by the people. Those who have done good deeds for the cause of the people's liberation will not be forgotten by the people."
In the preface to the memoir "Changchun Uprising" compiled by the founding general Xiao Hua, he even clearly pointed out: "The uprising of General Zeng Zesheng created a brilliant example of the uprising of the whole army in the war of liberation and the peaceful liberation of large cities. This is of extremely important historical significance for the comprehensive victory in the Liaoshen Campaign and thus for accelerating the process of the War of Liberation throughout the country."
(Chiang Kai-shek)
On the other hand, Chiang Kai-shek, who failed in defeat, did not understand until his death why the 1.88 million Kuomintang officers and men in the War of Liberation turned their guns and defeated him? He also lamented bitterly: "What particularly pains me is that "many high-ranking generals who have been ordered by my ears have been captured" and "they cannot be generous and benevolent." Many middle- and lower-ranking officers and men have been captured and incorporated into the People's Liberation Army to fight the Kuomintang army.
The 60th Army led by General Zeng Zesheng was reorganized into the 50th Army of the Chinese People's Liberation Army after nine reorganizations. It has become a fresh force in the liberation of the great southwest and a heroic unit on the south bank of the Han River in the Bloody War to Resist US Aggression and Aid Korea, which will forever be recorded in the annals of history.
Reference materials: "Documentary of the Northeast Liberation War", "Memoirs of Xiao Jinguang", "The Surrender of the New Seventh Army", "Changchun Literature and History Materials", "Liberation of Changchun", "Changchun Uprising"