Wen Cai Yulin
A painting can affect the emotions of a nation and symbolize the unity of a country, which is almost unique in ancient and modern China and abroad. This magical painting is the masterpiece of the great yuan dynasty painter Huang Gongwang,"Fuchun Mountain Jutu".
The origin of "Fuchun Mountain Residence Map"
Huang Gongwang, born in the last year of the Southern Song Dynasty (1269), a Changshu person, whose real name was Lu Jian, was inherited from the Huang clan as a son. Because of "Huang Gong Wangzi Jiuyi", the name Gong Wang, the word Zi Jiu.
When Huang Gongwang was young, he had great ambitions and wanted to fly Huang Tengda. However, his career was bumpy, the high officials did not succeed, and he was implicated and imprisoned. In 1294, the 26-year-old Huang Gongwang joined the Zhejiang Western Officialdom, and then lived in Hangzhou for 15 years, running for his career and having the opportunity to worship Zhao Mengfu as a teacher.
In 1311, the old boss Zhang Lu went to Hangzhou to take up a post, and he promoted his old acquaintance Huang Gongwang to serve as a scribe, and a year later accompanied Zhang Lu to Beijing as a scribe, and later imprisoned with Zhang Lu for some reason. After his release from prison, Huang Gongwang saw through the red dust, converted to the Quanzhen Sect wholeheartedly, had close contacts with Zhang Sanfeng and other Daoist friends, served as an abbot, and once made a living selling fortunes in Jiangsu and Zhejiang. He sent love to the landscape and the water, traveled in all directions, pursued the life of the idle clouds and wild cranes, and appreciated the love charm of the mountains and rivers and wilderness. For a period of time, he was obsessed with the mountains and rivers of nature all day long, often sitting alone in the mountains, thinking about it, writing luck, and being intoxicated.
Huang Gongwang befriended many Zen masters in his lifetime, the most important of which was Zheng Fan (useless Zen master). In 1347, Huang Gongwang Jielu lived in seclusion in Fuyang, Zhejiang, and went with useless Zen masters. The Fuchun River is clean of wind and smoke, the Heavenly Mountains are of common color, the strange mountains and rivers are unique, and the world is unique, which makes Huang Gongwang linger. One day, the useless Zen master asked his brother to paint a long scroll with the Landscape of Fuchun as the scenery, and Huang Gongwang gladly agreed. Therefore, whenever Huang Gongwang had time to spare, he conceived and wrote in the studio. Although Huang Gongwang returned to the hidden mountains, he often wandered outside, and three or four years had passed, and by the time Huang Gongwang inscribed in 1350, the painting had not yet been completed. Nowadays, people use 1350 as the time of painting. Shortly after the completion of the scroll, Huang Gongwang died at the age of 86 and was buried in the western foothills of Yushan.
"Fuchun Mountain Residence Map" depicts the beautiful scenery of the smoke and waves on both sides of the Fuchun River with pure fire and ink techniques, which is the pinnacle of ancient Chinese ink landscape painting, and is known as one of the "Top Ten Famous Paintings in China" and "The Orchid Pavilion in Painting". Huang Gongwang was revered by posterity as the crown of the "Four Families of the Yuan" and the leader of "Literati Painting", and was a milestone figure in the history of the development of Chinese landscape painting.
Huang Gongwang's "Fuchun Mountain Residence Map" was exhibited in Taipei
The circulation of "Fuchun Mountain Residence Map"
"Fuchun Mountain Residence Map" has been handed down for more than 600 years, and the way of circulation can be described as turbulent and moving.
The useless Zen master is the first collector of the "Fuchun Mountain Jutu". It was collected by Shen Zhou at the beginning of the Ming Dynasty, but was sold when it was reframed, and the buyer was Fan Shunju, an official in Suzhou. During the Longqing period, it was hidden by Tan Zhiyi. During the Wanli Dynasty, Dong Qichang purchased this painting, and in his later years he staked the scroll on Wu Dake, the father of Wu Xing Wu Zhizhi, and the scroll was passed down in Wumen for three generations, and during the Reign of Qing Shunzhi, Wu Zhizhi passed this painting to his son Wu Hongyu (Wu Wenqing).
Wu Hongyu treasured the "Fuchun Mountain Residence Map" for 40 years, and he regarded the painting as his life, almost crazy. In 1650, before his death, Wu Hongyu wanted to burn the painting for martyrdom, but fortunately his nephew "took chestnuts from the fire" and survived, but it was burned into two pieces. Later generations called the first paragraph of the volume "Leftover Mountain Map", and the remaining volume was "Useless Master Volume".
In 1652, the "Useless Master Scroll" was transferred from Danyang Zhang Fan to Taixing Ji Yuyong, and later purchased by Qianlong for a large amount of money. Qianlong obtained two copies of the "Fuchun Mountain Residence Map" before and after, and mistakenly made the fakes the authentic works, and it was not until the Jiaqing period that the real products were justified. The "Fuchun Mountain Residence Map" was hidden in the Forbidden City for nearly 200 years, and was moved to Taiwan by the Kuomintang in 1949. The "Remaining Mountain Map" has been popular until 1938, when it was recognized by the calligrapher Wu Hufan and exchanged for a national treasure bronze heavy weapon. Later, under the mediation of Sha Menghai, it was purchased by the Zhejiang Provincial Museum in 1956 and became the "treasure of the town museum".
The rounding of "Fuchun Mountain Residence Map"
As early as 1993, the Taiwan Affairs Office of the State Council motioned to the Taiwan side to display the "Fuchun Mountain Residence Map" in a coordinated manner, but for some reason it was stranded. In 1999, calligraphers and painters from both sides of the Taiwan Strait held a rounding activity of "Fuchun Mountain Residence Map" in Fuyang, which received widespread attention from both sides of the Strait. In 2009, Taiwan's Forbidden City prepared to hold a "Special Exhibition of Huang Gongwang and "Fuchun Mountain Residence Map", hoping to use the "Leftover Mountain Map" to exhibit together, and Zhejiang Province immediately gave a positive reply.
In March 2010, at the national "two sessions" press conference, Premier Wen Jiabao said emotionally, "For hundreds of years, this painting has been lost, and I hope that when the two paintings can be combined into one painting." Painting is like this, how can people be ashamed? On the 20th of the same month, in order to commemorate the 660th anniversary of the painting of "Fuchun Mountain Residence Map", the State Post Bureau issued special stamps and held launch ceremonies in Changshu and Fuyang. On June 1, 2011, a famous painting of the Yuan Dynasty with a history of 661 years, divided into two for 361 years, and 61 years of separation between the two sides of the strait, under the common expectation of compatriots on both sides of the strait, finally "broke the mirror and reunited" in Taipei. On June 1 this year, the 10th anniversary of the "Fuchun Mountain Residence Map" was held in Hangzhou, and more than 350 guests from both sides of the Taiwan Straits attended the grand event.
The combination of "Fuchun Mountain Residence Map" is the opportunity of history and the trend of the times, and its significance has long exceeded the scope of art, it condenses the feelings of the nation, carries the dream of the nation, and has become the spiritual sustenance of the Chinese nation looking forward to the reunification of the motherland. We sincerely hope that the "Fuchun Mountain Residence Map" will be permanently reunited and the motherland will realize peaceful reunification at an early date!
Edited by Sun Leyi