"A banner of the Qiongya people" General Feng Baiju
In order to keep abreast of the enemy's situation, cooperate with the actions of the field army, and reduce the difficulties and casualties of crossing the sea and landing, the Qiongya District Party Committee established the Qiongya District Party Committee Counter-Insurgency Work Committee in accordance with the spirit of the instructions of the 15th Corps on February 3, 1950, "Decision on the Work of Counter-rebellion against the Enemy Forces on Hainan Island", with Feng Baiju as the director. The Qiongya District Party Committee's Counterinsurgency Work Committee has stepped up its work of secretly plotting rebellions and intelligence behind enemy lines against the Kuomintang troops in the Fuhai area and Qiongshan, Wenchang, Chengmai, and Lingao counties. In addition to actively carrying out united front work, the Fuhai Special District CPC Committee also dispatched enemy workers Wang Hai and He Wenzhuang to carry out clandestine counter-insurgency work. They took advantage of all possible social relations, such as the families, relatives, friends, colleagues, and classmates of Kuomintang officers, and through more reliable clues, purposefully sent people in, face-to-face to educate the targets of the plot and explain the POLICIES of the CPC, and patiently and meticulously persuaded and won. As a result, within two or three months, the Fuhai Special District Cpc Committee won over a number of important Kuomintang officials, including Li Xiangwu, director of the General Affairs Department of the Kuomintang Army Infantry School, He Sufan, director of the Major General Department of the Personnel Administration Department, Xie Ruilin, head of the First Regiment of Instructors, and Li Yunyuan, director of the Daying Mountain Fort.
Comrade Zhu Jufen, an old predecessor of the Qiongya Revolution
Group photo of the elders of the Qiongya Revolution
Tiger Hero
Wang Jun
Longtan lurks in detail,
The tiger's den attacked the enemy's throat.
Where to find the underground sharp soldiers (1)
The name will always be passed down.
[(1) Underground sharp soldiers, the bold heroes who inserted the enemy's "heart" to persist in the underground struggle of the Qiongya Revolution. ］
During the period of the War of Liberation, the vast number of our underground workers closely centered on the central task of the Qiongya Party in "finally seizing the city," relied on the broad masses of the revolution, united all the forces that could be united, fought in the heart of the enemy, effectively harassed and contained the enemy in Fuhai, created conditions for our army to go out to the outside line to launch a strategic counteroffensive, and also made necessary preparations for our liberation army to cross the Qiongzhou Strait south to liberate Hainan.
They went deep into the enemy's interior and waged deadly struggles against the enemy in all sorts of ways, and although they did not see the shadow of the sword and the shadow of the sword, and did not hear the bombardment of the cannon, they were arduous and complicated, and they were very thrilling.
They shed their blood for the revolutionary cause and for the liberation of the masses of the people, and their heroic deeds of fighting wits and courage against the enemy will forever be recorded in the history of our Republic.
Comrade Chen, an old predecessor of the Qiongya Revolution
Comrade Xu Qingzhou, an old predecessor of the Qiongya Revolution
Underground Struggle in the Fuhai Area during the Liberation War (Part 1)
Xu Qingzhou
At the beginning of 1946, the second Haikou negotiations between the Kuomintang and the Communist Party of Qiongya broke down, the Kuomintang Forty-sixth Army launched an all-out attack on our liberated areas, and the Qiongya Civil War broke out. In order to achieve the goal of destroying our party and our army as soon as possible, in addition to launching an all-out military offensive against our liberated areas, the enemy has also tightened its control over the Haikou area, the center of its rule. In July 1946, the Qiongya Kuomintang authorities destroyed our party's haikou underground intelligence liaison station. In order to carry out the instructions of the CPC Central Committee on "strengthening our party's work in the cities under the jurisdiction of Chiang Kai-shek," the Qiongya Special Committee attached importance to the work in the Haikou area and demanded that the Qiongshan County appoint competent cadres to carry out work in the downtown area of Haikou. In March 1947, Chen Shuo, secretary of the Qiongshan County Party Committee, sent Xu Qingzhou to Haikou to carry out work as a commissioner. Since the downtown area of Haikou was the center of Kuomintang rule, the enemy never relaxed his control over this area in order to prevent fire in the backyard. In this way, we have certain difficulties in recruiting party members in the city, so the organization allows us to develop party members in the suburban countryside and wait until the conditions are ripe before sending people to the urban areas to establish party organizations and carry out urban work. Thanks to our efforts, wanghai, Wenjun, Fuchuang and other branches were soon established in the suburban countryside, and a number of party members were developed, many of whom made a living doing small business in Haikou. In May of the same year, we set up the Haikou District Working Committee, with Xu Qingzhou as the secretary, Wu Bixing as the director of the organization, Zhou Shaoshi as the propaganda director, and Fu Chuan as the propaganda officer. After the establishment of the district working committee, it immediately began to carry out the work in Haikou urban area. Since May 1947, through party members and progressive masses around party branches, we have established and developed party organizations and people's association organizations (peripheral organizations of the party) in Haikou City. At the same time, we will establish a number of underground communication, liaison, and intelligence stations of our party. These underground traffic stations and transportation points are divided into three types: urban transportation points, suburban transportation points and coastal transportation points.
The traffic points in the city are: the Long Causeway traffic point is located near the Fuchengping Hotel in Haikou Long Causeway, the person in charge, Zhou Qiongying (that is, the East Gate Sister), the staff includes Zheng Shanju, He Mingdao and so on. The Dongmen Silver Shop Traffic Point is located in the East Gate Silver Shop in Haikou City, and Fu Huilan directly contacts Chen You, Wu Chengren and Cai Shouhong. Xiuying Bookstore traffic point, set in Xiuying Bookstore, the person in charge of Wu Fada, the working contact is Chen You and so on.
In the suburbs, the Haikou District Working Committee established two traffic stations on the west bank of the Nandu River. One is located in Yuxian West Village, station manager Zhou Tianhui; one is located in Boyin Village, station manager Wang Dexiang. At the same time, because Cai Jin's military department focused on "clearing and suppressing" the Qiongwen base area, secret service organizations were set up everywhere and "three youth leagues" (actually secret service organizations) were established in various schools. The Qiongshan County Party Committee instructed us to occupy the school position, install our people to secretly monitor the enemy's activities, and collect and transmit intelligence to smash the enemy's "liquidation." Therefore, we mainly used rural primary schools on the outskirts of the city to establish underground transportation points as a link to carry out urban work. The suburban traffic points established during this period were: Shadougang (Dongying) Primary School Traffic Point, responsible person Zhang Zuzhi; Beijia Primary School Traffic Point (called Inner Point), responsible person Wang Hai, Fu Chuan, Zhang Zuzhi have all been responsible persons for this point, this traffic point once received Comrades Li Qijiao, Deng Hefa, Cai Minsheng, Lin Zilan and other comrades; Qunshang Primary School Traffic Point, responsible person Zhang Xianhuan, Xu Qingzhou, Chen Shuo, Feng Erxun and other leading comrades have stayed here; Yaoshan Primary School traffic point, responsible persons Zhang Xianhuan, He Jianshan, etc., After He Jianshan was transferred to Haikou to investigate the transfer of Kuomintang officials, Zeng Shulan presided over the work of this traffic point; Zhang Guangchun, the person in charge of the Traffic Point of Wenjun Primary School, was taken over by Zhang Xianzu half a year later, and this point was also the activity point of the Haikou District Working Committee, where Xu Qingzhou and Wu Bixing, Fu Chuan, and the Armed Workers Team of the Qiongshan County CPC Committee often stayed. In addition, Yanwei Primary School (responsible person Zhang Guangchun and Chen Juquan), Fuchuang Primary School (person in charge Yang Xuguang), WanYi Primary School (person in charge of Wei Ruyu), Gaoshan Primary School (in charge of Lin Shihao and Lin Shudai), Hegang Primary School (in charge of Li Shimin), Jiucun Primary School (in charge of He Qimei), and Qishan Primary School (in charge of Zheng Tingyuan) have all established traffic points. In addition to being responsible for general traffic liaison, the traffic point of Qishan Primary School is also a key place for the activities and transportation of the three district committees of Qiongshan County.
Exhibition Hall of Hainan Provincial History Museum
The Haikou District Working Committee has also established traffic points along the coast. These traffic points are: Dongying Port Traffic Point, which is directly responsible for Xu Qingzhou. Under the cover of being the owner of the fish merchant, Xu Qingzhou allocated 1,000 yuan from Guangyang by the Qiongshan County Party Committee as a capital to invest in a joint stock in Dongying Port to operate the marine fishing industry. First of all, we did the ideological work of Chen Yuming and Ke Shengfu, the old fishermen of Dongying Port, and with their help, managed to communicate the sea communication line between Xuwen and Haikou, and controlled the 56 fishing boats in Dongying and the 6 salt cutting boats in Fuchuang Port into our hands. At the same time, relying on the local gonggong and boatman, we successfully conducted a detailed survey of the coast from Dongying to Puqian and grasped the terrain of the coast, the depth of the sea, the rise and fall of the tide, and so on. In this way, it provided the liberation of ships and the basis for the liberation of Hainan by the People's Liberation Army across the Qiongzhou Strait in the south. Fuchuang Port traffic point, the person in charge of Lin Keshen, Cai Shouhong, this point is the haibei, Xuwen and Haikou underground traffic officers back and forth to transmit information and contact traffic points. Alpine traffic point, the person in charge Lin Shihao, this point is the traffic point from Haikou to Xuwen. Wu Bixing Liaison Station, the person in charge of Wu Bixing, the station is an important traffic station for haikou district working committees to contact the north district prefectural party committee and qiongshan county party committee, and it is also a traffic station from Haikou to Xuwen, located near Qishan Mountain. The traffic point in Shanxia Village, Tashi, the person in charge, Chen ×× (Lin Keshen's brother-in-law), is the traffic point between The New Fish Corner in Tashi Andi and the North Car Port in Xuwen. The establishment of these traffic stations and transportation points has made immortal contributions in contacting underground workers of our Party, transmitting intelligence and information, purchasing and transferring arms, contacting the masses, and propagating the Party's political stand. Among them, in terms of purchasing and transporting arms, our underground workers penetrated into the enemy's interior, engaged in maneuvering with the enemy, and composed a heroic battle song of fighting wits and courage with the enemy.
The military and civilians of Qiongya have been fighting on isolated islands for a long time, and weapons and ammunition are very scarce. On the one hand, the party committee of Qiongya District set up its own military factory and produced a batch of weapons and ammunition; on the other hand, it managed to penetrate into the enemy's interior through the underground workers in our province and buy arms from the enemy. After the Fuhai underground party organization accepted the task of purchasing arms, it gradually carried out this work through various relations. From January 1948, Haikou District commissioned Wang Shan and Chen You to set up a fixed arms collection transfer station and contact point in Haikou Area: Dongpai Xijie Residence, at No. 8 Jurenfang (now No. 58 Xinhua Road) in Haikou City, under the responsibility of Zhou Qiongying and Wu Duoxiang. The arms collected at this point were transferred to the western front, that is, from Haikou and Xiuying to Fengying and Macun. Wang Bingnan Residence, at No. 2 Jurenfang (now No. 2 Boai South Road) in Haikou City, is under the responsibility of Wang Bingnan. The mission was to transport arms to the Eastern and Western Fronts. Zheng Ling's residence, upstairs at No. 76 Xinmin West Road (Ximen Fangji), was headed by Zheng Ling and Lu Zaoyang, and the task was to transfer the purchased arms to Wu Fada at Xiuying Bookstore, and then wu Fada to the western route. Huang Yichen Residence, in Haikou City, "Nine Eight Lines", is responsible for Zheng Ling, Wang Shan and Zhou Qiongying. The mission was to collect, pack and escort arms to the Eastern Front. Xiuying Bookstore Station, which is the main transfer station for direct transfer of military fire to Fengying, Macun, Yangshan and Beihai. Wu Fada was in charge, and Zeng Qiugui, Ke Qicun, Wu Xianglong, Zheng Shanju and others did the contact work.
In order to transfer arms, the Qiongshan County CPC Committee and the Chengmai County CPC Committee respectively opened two arms transport lines in the east and the west, and used two cars to transport arms and materials for our army. The western line from Fengying to Haikou via Xiuying, the station is located in front of the Haikou Minle Tea Shop, the drivers Hong Zongsi and Hong Zongzhi brothers; the eastern line from Qukou through Yanfeng to Haikou, the car owner Huang Yichen, the driver Yao Dianmao, Lin Daoxin, the station is also located near the Minle Tea Shop. The Haikou District Working Committee also sent Fu Chuan to the city to do arms transportation liaison work.
Comrade Feng Erxun, an old predecessor of the Qiongya Revolution
In April 1949, the Haikou District Working Committee was abolished, and the area under its jurisdiction was assigned to the Haite District Committee of the Communist Party of China. At this time, our People's Liberation Army entered the stage of strategic counteroffensive, and the enemies on the mainland were gradually defeated and retreated, and they fled to Hainan one after another. More than 100,000 Remnants of the Kuomintang who fled from the mainland to Hainan Island will be defeated. For a time, haikou was lined with enemy political organs and many military constitutions. After these reactionary troops arrived in Hainan, they carried out barbaric attacks on the revolutionary base areas in Hainan, and we fought bloody battles Chinese the Qiongya Column of the People's Liberation Army, heroically resisting the enemy's attack, and the weapons and ammunition were even more scarce. In order to solve the problem of weapons and ammunition, the Qiongya District Party Committee still pinned its hopes on the underground party organization in Fuhai, hoping that the underground party organization would buy more arms from the enemy to supplement the lack of equipment of our army. Therefore, the special district assigned Wu Chengren and Cai Shouhong, Fu Kaifu, Wang Shan, and Chen You to take charge of this work together. Soon, Huang Zhi, Huang Chun, and Wu Quan of the Wang Qing Branch all participated in this work. Later, Wang Shan and Chen You developed Zheng Ling, Lai Quanzhou, Zheng Xinji, Zheng Wenhuan (a member of the pseudo-Qiongshan County Police Station), and Wu Fada, members of the People's Association, entrusting them with help in purchasing weapons and ammunition.
Wang Shan, Chen You, Zheng Ling, and Zheng Xinji appeared as agents. Although Chen You was short, he was shrewd and capable, and he was bold. Dressed in a suit and leather shoes on his feet, he ran tea houses, went to taverns, crowded the theater, and specialized in dealing with Kuomintang military and political officials. He seized on the characteristics of the Kuomintang officers and men who were tired of war and greedy for money, talked with them about business, played mahjong, and "made friends." Through contacts, Chen You got to know many military and political leaders of the Kuomintang, clarified their economic situation, and engaged in arms trading from them. In this way, Chen You bought a batch of guns and bullets from Zheng Guang, head of the Haikou Military and Police Supervision Office; a batch of detonators from Chen Tao, head of the Haikou Office of the Enemy Central Command; a Canadian pistol and a batch of 79 rifle bullets from Xu Dade, commander of the Kuomintang Qiongshan County Self-Defense Brigade; 2,000 kilograms of explosives, hundreds of grenades, and a batch of bullets and detonators from Cao Sheng, a second lieutenant platoon leader of the Haikou Airport Mechanical Repair Division; and two telephones and a mortar from Yang Yongnian, commander of the air force station at the enemy's Haikou airport. Thousands of meters of wires, a batch of bullets and detonators, thousands of detonators and a batch of guns and ammunition were bought from the deputy commander of the enemy's Thirty-second Army. Wang Shan and Zheng Ling also bought tens of thousands of rounds of ammunition, 300 kilograms of explosives, 40,000 detonators, and a batch of other weapons and military supplies from the enemy.
In 1949, the Fuhai Special District Committee twice sent Liaison Officer Wu Chengren to Haikou to find Huang Zhi, an underground party member, and once asked him to quickly solve the urgent needs of our army for military supplies. At that time, it was very difficult to buy vacuum tubes and other parts for radio transceivers, and our army was very short of them, so we waited for them to be used in a hurry. Huang Zhi finally completed the task after many efforts. Another time was to ask Huang Zhi to get a batch of telephone lines in a short period of time; under the condition of tight time and urgent tasks, Huang Zhi disregarded his personal safety and risked his danger to rush to the upper floor of the Kuomintang Qiongshan County Telephone Office on Zhongjie Road in Fucheng to extract a marijuana bag of telephone lines, and then rushed to our army for application. In the same year, Chen Dequan broke into the ammunition depot of the Ninth District Administrative Commissioner's Office as a management soldier, and successively bought 80,000 rounds of ammunition, explosives, detonators, and military wires from the enemy. With the assistance of Huang Chun, Cai Shouhong repeatedly bought a large number of bombs from the enemy's Haikou airport. Because the airport was an enemy's key place and was heavily fortified, Cai Shouhong became acquainted with the small and young concubines of Hongkanpo, and with their help, he dismantled the bomb many times, wrapped the explosives in a straw mat, pretended to be dead bodies in coffins, mixed with the inspection of the enemy's sentry, and smoothly transported them out of the airport. Wu Fada opened a small food shop in Xiuying Market as a cover, and bought a batch of bullets, detonators and explosives from the Kuomintang Xiuying Fortress Headquarters.
[Excerpted from "History of hainan of the Communist Party of China" (volume 1), "History of Haikou of the Communist Party of China" (volume 1), comrade Xu Qingzhou's "Underground Struggle in the Fuhai Area during the Liberation War"]