Three Kingdoms Little People Zhi 0011: The Radical Eastern Wu Quanchen - Zhuge Ke
The author of this article is the depths of dusk, and the editor-in-chief is Sasha, if reprinted, please be sure to indicate
Zhuge Liang has been revered as a model figure of "Zhisheng" for thousands of years in Chinese history. Even aside from the exaggerated description of "demonization" in the novel "Romance of the Three Kingdoms", he can definitely be regarded as an outstanding politician, military man, writer, inventor...
It was precisely because of his existence that Liu Bei later rose in adversity, established the Shu Han Empire, and dominated one side... Later, he was also entrusted by Liu Bei in the White Emperor City and became an auxiliary chancellor, continuing the qi number of the "Great Han" signboard for decades...
However, many people do not know that in the Three Kingdoms period at the end of the Han Dynasty, there was also a figure of the Zhuge family, whose talent was not inferior to Zhuge Liang. Moreover, it was also a prominent merit, and it was highly valued in the DPRK, and even to some extent, like Zhuge Liang, he became a "minister of entrusting the orphan and assisting the government".
However, although the talent is outstanding and reused, the ending of this "great talent" is not good, and it can even be said that the end is very miserable. He was Zhuge Liang's nephew, the eldest son of Zhuge Jin, another great sage of the Zhuge family, and a major minister of the middle and late Eastern Wu Dynasty, Zhuge Ke.
Yes, when it comes to the character of Zhuge Ke, most people will feel a little strange. Because in luo Guanzhong's novel "Romance of the Three Kingdoms", his role is too small. Only in the late ninety-eighth appearance, when Sun Quan became emperor, he became his "Prince Zuofu", and thus mentioned a clever story before Zhuge Ke: skillfully using the pen to break the siege for his father; quoting the scriptures, persuading Zhang Zhao to drink and other deeds...
However, in the records of the Romance of the Three Kingdoms, Zhuge Ke's biography is more than 6,000 words long, almost the longest in the Eastern Wu camp, and its length is even higher than that of heavyweights such as Zhou Yu, Lu Su, and Lü Meng... Just imagine, to get the ink like Gold like Chen Shou, the pen is so thick and colorful, enough to prove the true deeds of Zhuge Ke, it is impossible to be as simple as in the novel...
Let's still start from the real historical records to find out the character of Zhuge Ke. Look at his real experience in history, and judge whether his talents and merits can really match his famous uncle, Zhuge Liang.
As mentioned earlier, Zhuge Ke was Zhuge Jin's son. According to the ranking of ancient family relations, he can be regarded as the "eldest grandson" of the Zhuge family (Zhuge Jin is the eldest son of Zhuge Jue, and Zhuge Ke is the eldest son of Zhuge Jin). Moreover, he also inherited the intelligent bloodline of the Zhuge family very well, and showed a talent for being quick and active from an early age.
According to historical records, when Zhuge Ke was a teenager, at an informal gathering, the lord Sun Quan suddenly became very upset and wanted to take Zhuge Jin to death. So he ordered someone to bring a donkey, and hung a long label on the donkey's face, writing "Zhuge Ziyu" four big characters...
Ziyu is Zhuge Jin's epithet, because he was born with a donkey face, a narrow face and a beard, which was originally somewhat similar to a donkey. Now Sun Quan is obstructing other people's physical defects, although it is a joke, but it also makes Zhuge Jin very embarrassed, and he can't get off the stage on the side, which makes the other people present can't help but be funny...
At this time, I saw that the young Zhuge Ke was not in a hurry, knelt down to ask Sun Quan for a pen, and then went straight to the door of the donkey brain and added two words under the label, "Donkey". At this moment, the meaning of the note has completely changed, and the nature of the whole thing has also changed from Sun Quan's original playfulness to rewarding the minister with money...
There is no doubt that Zhuge Ke's clever actions made everyone present laugh loudly, and the atmosphere that was originally ridiculed and joking was not affected, but also achieved a better humorous effect. Even the lord Sun Quan was very appreciative of this, and at the moment he really gave this donkey to Zhuge Jin and Zhuge Ke's father and son according to what was written on the note.
(The Chronicle of the Three Kingdoms - Book of Wu - Zhuge Ke Biography records that Father Ke's face looks like a donkey.) Sun Quan assembled a group of courtiers, let people lead a donkey in, examined its face for a long time, and inscribed Zhuge Ziyu. "Please ask Zhu Yi for two words." Because of listening with pen. "Donkey." "Raise up the seat and laugh, but give it to the donkey)
Later, at another large-scale banquet, Zhuge Ke, under the orders of Sun Quan, served as the "wine pouring messenger" at the feast. Only to see him fall generously, with appropriate movements and etiquette, respectfully poured wine into everyone's wine glass. However, when it came to the elderly minister Zhang Zhao, the latter refused to pour his wine on the grounds of "lack of respect"...
Logically, this is not a big deal either. However, Zhuge Ke's identity at this time was that of a wine-pouring envoy appointed by the lord's son, Who, in the past, there were old ministers who relied on the old and sold the old, and then there was the order of the lord, if he could not find a reasonable explanation to round the past, then everyone would not be able to step down.
Seeing that Zhuge Ke was still not in a hurry, he cited the case of the ancient martial saint Jiang Taigong to refute Zhang Zhao's self-proclaimed "old age". And told him that today is a banquet presided over by the emperor, and the wine is also given by the emperor, is it not enough respect? As soon as this remark came out, Zhang Zhao naturally had nothing to say, so he had to obediently take the wine and drink it...
(The Chronicle of the Three Kingdoms - Book of Wu - Zhuge Ke Biography records: Another day, the feast of bureaucrats, Sun Quan ordered Ke to take the lamp.) Patrolling to Zhang Zhao's face, Zhao did not drink, and said: "This is not a gift for the elderly." Quan said, "Ru Neng Qiangzi Bu Shu Hu? "To take the order is to say zhao yue: "Xi Jiang Shang's father is ninety years old, and he has not tasted old age." On this day, mr. is behind; on the day of drinking, sir is in front: what is not to retire? "Zhao had no words to answer, so he had to drink strongly)
Although it was only two small things in his youth, he could also see the flexibility of Zhuge Ke's brain and the proper way he spoke and did things. And considering all aspects of the problem, can take into account all aspects of the factor... So clever and clever, it is almost a wizard, and it is no wonder that he was able to soar to the top of the court and make many achievements after that...
In terms of employing people themselves, there is quite a set of masters and descendants, and naturally they quickly noticed Zhuge Ke's talent. I feel that although he is of a low generation and his age is not large, he has quite a capable style and is a talent worth cultivating.
As a result, Sun Quan soon promoted Zhuge Ke to enter the career path, and his first job was "Acting Du Zhi", that is, the overall work of controlling grain and grass and supplying the army. As a result, it turned out that although Zhuge Ke did not do a bad job, he did not like such a cumbersome work and hoped to be transferred to another post...
What does this mean? This can only show that although Zhuge Ke is brilliant and talented, in his personality, he has an impatient and impatient side. As the saying goes, small things see the pattern, and this matter is undoubtedly exposed, and Zhuge Ke is deficient in some aspects. This also laid a far-reaching foreshadowing for the end he encountered afterwards...
It should be mentioned here that Zhuge Liang, the Han chancellor who was far away in Shu, that is, Zhuge Ke's uncle, was also vaguely aware of this.
Out of affection for the eldest brother Zhuge Jin, but also out of concern for the important ally of Eastern Wu. Zhuge Liang also wrote a special letter and sent it to Lu Xun, the governor of Eastern Wu at that time. Tell him that Zhuge Ke is not rigorous enough in his personality and has omissions. Responsible for grain and grass, which are related to the supply of the army, I am afraid that there will be chaos...
(The Chronicle of the Three Kingdoms - Book of Wu - Zhuge Ke Biography records: The power is very different, and he wants to try things and make him keep the festival.) Temperance is in charge of the army's grain and grain, and the documents are obscene, which is not good. ）
(The "Biography of Jiang Biao" records: Quan was the King of Wu, the first jiedu official, and the canon was in charge of military food, and the non-Han system was also.) The first use of the general Xu Xiang, who died in detail, will use Ke. Zhuge Liang heard the details of the book and Lu Xun said: "The brother is old, and the scrupulous nature is sparse, and now the pawn is the grain grain, the grain grain army is the most important, although the servants are far away, the theft is uneasy." The foot is specially for the supreme turn of the enlightenment. "Inferior to white power, that is, to turn to the collar." ）
It can be seen that Zhuge Liang's generation of great sages also has a completely accurate vision of people. He vaguely pointed out between the lines that Zhuge Ke was not calm and generous enough in his heart under the appearance of outstanding talent. That is to say, he told the people in Jiangdong that people like him can be used, but they cannot take on big responsibilities and be alone. Otherwise, it may lead to a terrible ending in the future...
Next, let's take a good look at Zhuge Ke's career experience after that.
According to historical records, after serving as an "acting duzhi" for a short period of time, Zhuge Ke was appointed by Sun Quan as a general in the army under the recommendation of Lu Xun. His first task after taking office was to quell the internal rebellion of the State of Wu and suppress the Shanyue people of the Danyang generation who had always disobeyed orders.
Speaking of This place in Danyang, it can also be regarded as a big name in the Three Kingdoms era. The local mountains are steep, the people's customs are bold and strong, the people make their own weapons, and advocate the practice of martial arts, which can be described as a tough place where "all the people are soldiers". I think that at the beginning, Tao Qian, who ruled the land of Xuzhou, relied on the place of "Danyang" to a large extent.
We know that Tao Qian was originally only a "history of thorns" appointed by the imperial court. The reason why he was able to stabilize the internal affairs of the prefecture capital in just a few years, and to become one of the most powerful princes in the world was because he was born in Danyang, had the support of family forces in the local area, and also had the convenience of recruiting soldiers.
Therefore, Tao Qian quickly used his advantages to gather a large number of "Danyang soldiers" under his command. This force was not only able to bear hardships and stand hard work, but also to fight good battles on the battlefield, becoming tao qian's daring to make enemies with Cao Cao in Yanzhou and trying to dominate the world.
Not only that, but later when Sun Ce broke away from Yuan Shu and marched into Jiangdong, he also recruited hundreds of troops in Jing County (present-day Jing County, Xuancheng City) deep in Danyang County. It was also by relying on this army that Sun Ce defeated Liu Sui, Lu Kang and others, and established the foundation of Sun Wu's hegemony... Although most of the credit here lies in Sun Ce's own military ability and military level. However, it is undeniable that Danyang soldiers are brave and good at war, and they are also one of the important chips for Sun Ce to win.
Therefore, danyang, such a brave place, no matter which king's command, will not be a piece of worry-free material. Because the people here are fierce, almost everyone is good at war. If I can find a way to control it for my own use, it must be a weapon of the battlefield. But if you can't control it, it's like a thorn in your back...
In fact, the Danyang Shanyue generation has always been a problem for Eastern Wu's confidants. The people here are too aggressive, and they often go out to the mountains for thieves, disturbing the surrounding areas. Many people who had committed crimes elsewhere, or who had escaped taxes from the imperial court, also fled here, using the deep mountains and forests to hide themselves... (Similar to Gu Long's "Valley of the Wicked").
Although Sun Quan also sent people many times, adopted various strategies, and rectified them by various means. But every time it is a palliative rather than a cure, at most you can reach the local county and town, but there is no way to do anything about the hinterland of the deep mountains and dense forests...
(The Chronicle of the Three Kingdoms - Book of Wu - The Biography of Zhuge Ke records that the people of the People's Assembly Xian used "the terrain of Danyang to be dangerous and obstructed, adjacent to the four counties of Wu County, Huiji, Xindu, and Poyang, circling thousands of miles, the valley is heavy, its secluded people, the city has not tasted people, and the chief officials are all soldiers and wild yi, and the white head is in Lin Mang.") Dead and evil, Xian Gong fled. The mountain produces copper and iron, and the self-cast armor soldiers. Good martial arts training, noble strength, its ascension to the mountain to danger, against the thorns. If the fish goes to the abyss, the hedgehog of Tengmu also. In the gap between the times, they went out as thieves, and every soldier marched to find his cave. Its war is bee, and its defeat is a bird's wandering, and since its previous life, it cannot be restrained." It's hard. ）
It was not until Zhuge Ke arrived in office that all this changed greatly. He not only summed up the lessons of previous failures, but also resolutely adopted the policy of "attaching equal importance to Enwei". On the one hand, with great force, the mountainous areas where the local rebels were stationed were besieged; on the other hand, they were politically appeased as much as possible. In addition, he ordered the governors of the counties and towns under their jurisdiction to strictly guard the borders, strictly enforce the law, and severely punish those who dared to violate the law...
As for the mountain people who had already surrendered, Zhuge Ke asked them to set up all the tuns to live in order to eliminate the phenomenon of "scattering in the mountains" before. Subsequently, he mobilized various generals, sent troops to guard the dangerous pass, built siege fortifications, and then ordered all the soldiers to go out to harvest rice and wheat in the local fields, so as to cut off the shanyue people's grain route... In this way, the Shanyue people, who were helplessly hungry because they had eaten their grain, had to go out of the mountains to surrender to Zhuge Ke and accepted his policy of "gathering".
(The Chronicle of the Three Kingdoms - Book of Wu - Zhuge Ke Biography records that when you arrive at the capital, the four parts of the Book of Migration belong to the city Changkong.) Order each to defend its boundaries, set up a subordinate army, and subordinate civilians, and order the tun to live. But the generals within the division, Luo Bing obstructed, but the fence, did not fight with the battle, waiting for their grain crops to ripen, and the soldiers were slaughtered, so that there was no seed left behind. The old valley was exhausted, the new fields were not harvested, and the commoners lived in the camp, and there was little entry, so the mountain people were hungry and poor, and gradually lowered their heads. Ke Naifu said: "When the mountain people go to evil and conform to the evil, they should be comforted, and they should move out of the county, and they must not be suspected, and they must be detained)
It can be seen that Zhuge Ke's level of military and political strategy is indeed outstanding. For the problem of the Yamakoshi rebellion that has been unable to be solved, the "bottom of the barrel" method he adopted can be said to have achieved miraculous results. Since then, the land of Danyang is no longer a worry that hinders the hinterland of Eastern Wu, but has become an excellent source of soldiers...
According to historical records, the number of Shanyue people that Zhuge Ke subdued reached more than 100,000. Among them, as many as 40,000 men are of the right age for conscription. The addition of this group of people and horses made the Eastern Wu army, which was not good at fighting after leaving the river, get a considerable increase in land combat strength. Even to some extent, he was no longer afraid of the elite infantry cavalry of Cao Wei, who was originally afraid of the tiger.
(The Chronicle of the Three Kingdoms - Book of Wu - Zhuge Ke Biography records: "The Danyang Mountains are dangerous, the people are fruitful, although they sent troops in advance, they only gained civilians from other counties.) The rest is far-reaching, and it is impossible to do everything, and repeatedly begs for officials to come out. In three years, you can get 40,000 soldiers. ）
There is no doubt that Zhuge Ke's outstanding performance in pacifying Shanyue was very satisfactory to the lord Sun Quan. Soon Zhuge Ke was made a general of Weibei and made a marquis of the capital... This year, he was only in his thirties, and he could be said to be young and promising, not only made great achievements, but also accomplished things that the elders and generals had not been able to do before. And he is also in such a high position, becoming a big red man in the eyes of the lord...
It can be imagined that Zhuge Ke at this time was really full of spirit and his career was booming. Soon after, he took the initiative to go to The Wankou of Lujiang on the wei-Wu border, and during the tuntian period, he sent troops to attack the territory of Cao Wei, capturing some civilian populations in Shu County and other places. Even later, he wanted to continue to lead the main force to attack and capture Cao Wei's important town of Shouchun.
However, due to the strategic thinking of the lord's descendants, it is mainly based on the guiding ideology of "defending the land". Therefore, zhuge Ke's request to attack was not agreed. Later, in the sixth year of Chiwu (243 AD), when Zhuge Ke was attacked by Sima Yi of Cao Wei, Sun Quan also used the "Theory of Fang Shi" as an excuse not to let Zhuge Ke lead an army to fight Sima Yi, but to let him retreat and move to Chaisang (present-day Jiujiang, Jiangxi)
(The Chronicle of the Three Kingdoms - Book of Wu - Zhuge Ke Biography records: Bai Kewei Northern General, Fengdu Xianghou.) Ke Beg led the people to the mouth of the Lujiang River, and returned because of the light army attacking Shu and hiding his people. FuYuan sent scouts, looked at each other differently, and wanted to try to save the spring, but he thought it was impossible. In Chi Wuzhong, Sima Xuan of Wei plotted to attack. Quan Fang sent troops to respond, but those who hoped for qi thought it was unfavorable, so they vainly tuned chai sang. ）
Of course, the so-called Fang Shizhi theory is likely to be just a cover for Sun Quan. The real reason should still lie in his own consistent "policy of defending the territory", everything is based on a solid defense, rather than launching an attack easily, so as not to break a series of balances inside and outside Eastern Wu...
And Zhuge Ke? At least from the perspective of national strategy, he and Sun Quan seem to be somewhat incompatible. On the one hand, he had outstanding military and political talents, hoping to show his ability in more aspects, especially on the battlefield; on the other hand, sun Quan was self-contained, especially from the standpoint of the entire Jiangdong clique, and did not support Zhuge Ke's various ideas too much...
Not only that, the foundation of the Eastern Wu Empire was built on the basis of the arch guards of several major local families (Lu, Zhu, Gu, and Zhang). Although Zhuge Ke's Zhuge family also has a certain influence in Jiangdong, it is still a relatively marginal identity in the eyes of local people. Now he has shown amazing talent, brought him rocket-like upward speed, and also caused the dissatisfaction of many other people in the Eastern Wu Empire...
Even during his stay in Tuntian, Zhuge Ke dared to attack the Cao Wei border on his own initiative and tried to attack Shouchun. This shows that in his personality, there is also a side of his own way and self-assertion... Just think, how can a person who is so assertive of himself not be jealous of others?
Even Lu Xun, who was the governor of Eastern Wu at the time, could not avoid being influenced by the rumors of these people and had an opinion on Zhuge Ke.
Fortunately, at this time, Zhuge Ke relied on his excellent writing to write a neatly written and sharp "Book of Zhuge Ke and Lu Xun" to Lu Xun. Tell him that everything should be focused on the overall situation, should not be blamed for everything, and consume effort on details. We should not take some gossip seriously, and if we don't do it, we will miss a big thing in the end...
(The Chronicle of the Three Kingdoms - Book of Wu - Zhuge Ke Biography records: "Yang Jingshu narrated the Qing Theory, thinking that fang and modern characters were withered away, and those who guarded morality could not repeat a few, and it was advisable to be left and right.") More auxiliary cars, shangxi state affairs, the next cherished. And the worldly good slanders and destroys, so that what has been made is damaged and tired... Husbands do not give up small mistakes, delicate responsibilities, long and even complain to families, a country has no return to the whole line. Knowing that Sun hates himself, he praises his purpose for his reasoning.
In this way, the relationship between Lu Xun and Zhuge Ke was eased. Later, when Lu Xun died of illness and his position was vacant, Zhuge Ke also succeeded him to the post of the latter under his propulsion before his death. Promoted to the rank of Great General of Eastern Wu, False Festival; and stationed in Wuchang, replacing Lu Xun in command of the Affairs of the Jingzhou Generation...
(The Chronicle of the Three Kingdoms - Book of Wu - Zhuge Ke Biography records: Hui Xun 卒, Ke Qian General, False Festival, Stationed in Wuchang, Dai Xun led Jingzhou Affairs)
There is no doubt that at this time, Zhuge Ke was already one of the most important ministers of the Eastern Wu Empire. At this time, he was in his forties, just in his youth and strength, when he was prosperous and prosperous. At such a high level, he can already compete with his deceased uncle Zhuge Liang...
Yes, Zhuge Liang was in his early forties when he was entrusted by Liu Beibai Emperor and took charge of the shu Han state government (Zhuge Liang was born in 181 AD and Liu Bei died in 223). Considering that the State of Wu had a larger territory and a larger population than the State of Shu, Zhuge Ke's status at this time was even above Zhuge Liang.com.
However, posterity only remembered Zhuge Liang, and not many people knew Zhuge Ke. I am afraid that this can only show that Zhuge Ke's later work achievements as a powerful minister of the dynasty and the prime minister of the auxiliary country were far inferior to Zhuge Liang's...
Let's take a concrete look at zhuge ke's various deeds in court and state affairs after he was promoted to chancellor of Eastern Wu.
In the fourteenth year of Eastern Wu Chiwu (251 AD), Sun Quan, who was already more than seventy years old, entered the last years of the wind and candle years. Sick and lying in bed, he naturally had to consider the problem of arranging affairs behind him after he stretched his legs.
In particular, Sun Liang, the crown prince designated by Sun Quan, is still young and talented. Therefore, in order to continue to take charge of the court and maintain the family business of Eastern Wu, Sun Quan must also seek a "auxiliary chancellor" who is excellent enough in all aspects to assist the young Sun Liang and continue to rule Eastern Wu, just like Liu Bei's previous "orphans".
However, because Sun Quan himself was a young heir to the throne, he was too able to live. Such an exaggerated longevity, and more than half a century of ruling time, so that at the beginning of the founding of Eastern Wu, almost all the "tiger subjects" were "killed" by Sun Quan. Zhou Yu, Lu Su, Cheng Pu, Huang Gai, Han Dang, Zhang Zhao... These people who are qualified to be "ministers of the orphans" are all ahead of Sun Quan without exception.
Therefore, the matter of entrusting orphans has become a heart disease at the time of Sun Quan's death. Although there is such a talented person as Zhuge Ke in front of him, he also has the talent to assist the country. But as we have analyzed earlier, Zhuge Ke is too conceited, has a bad personality, and even has some self-sufficiency. Therefore, Sun Quan did not like him too much, to serve as his own orphan minister...
It was only at this time in the Eastern Wu Empire that talent had indeed withered to the point where there were no sages to use. Therefore, under the strong recommendation of Sun Jun and others, Sun Quan still decided to entrust everything behind him to Zhuge Ke. So in the imperial palace bedroom of Jianye City, another play of the "White Emperor City Orphan" of that year was repeated:
Only to see That Sun Quan summoned Zhuge Ke from Jingzhou, he said on his sickbed that he was seriously ill and could not be cured, and that in the future, the affairs of assisting the crown prince and governing the country could only be undertaken by Zhuge Ke alone... At this time, Zhuge Ke was also like Zhuge Liang before him, kneeling down and prostrating his head, and crying uncontrollably, he said that he would definitely do his best to guard the side of the young lord, do his best to assist, and would never fail to live up to the emperor's grace...
(The Chronicle of the Three Kingdoms - Book of Wu - Zhuge Ke Biography records that Quan Buyu, and the prince is less, but Zheng Ke leads the prince Taifu as a great general, and the Zhongshu orders Sun Hong to lead the young fu.) Quan was ill and trapped, and Zhao Ke, Hong, and Taichang Tengyin, the general Lü Zhao, and the attendant Sun Jun, belonged to the later affairs. Wu Shuyue: The right to sleep in the disease, the council entrusted. Shi Courtiers xian all paid attention to Yu Ke, while Sun Jun's cousin Wasque and served as an auxiliary government, which could pay for major events. Quan Suspect Ke Gang is very self-conscious, and Jun is beyond the reach of today's courtiers, so he will guarantee it, but it is Zheng Ke. After the introduction of ke wait to see the bed, to be commanded? Next, Quan Zhao said: "I am sick and sleepy, I am afraid that I will not see each other again, and all things will be entrusted to each other." "Huh? "All ministers and others are gracious, and when they are commanded by death, may Your Majesty be at peace with his spirit, and his thoughts will be damaged, and he will not think of anything else." "The edict of power has the unity of all things, but the killing of the great matter is then heard)
On the surface, this is another soaring of Zhuge Ke's status in the Eastern Wu Dynasty, pushing him to a higher peak in his life. However, just as Sun Quan had feared before, Zhuge Ke's outstanding talent could not make up for the defects in his character and the overly assertive self-thinking in his heart... What happened later also fully proved this.
According to historical records, when Sun Quan just closed his eyes, a bloody political killing occurred in the Eastern Wu Dynasty. Sun Hong, the "Young Prince" who was one of Zhuge Ke's retainers, had been at odds with the former before. Therefore, taking advantage of his status as a member of the Sun clan, he blocked the news of Sun Quan's death, with the intention of removing Zhuge Ke (Crown Prince Taifu), who was of a higher status than him.
However, Zhuge Ke was naturally not an idle person, he had already installed eyeliner in the imperial palace, and knew all of Sun Hong's plans. So he preemptively killed Sun Hong, and then released the news of Sun Quan's death. Then he presided over a state funeral, and Prince Sun Liang ascended the throne.
(The Chronicle of the Three Kingdoms - Book of Wu - Zhuge Ke Biography records: The next day, Quan Xue.) Hongsu and Ke are uneven, afraid of being ruled by Ke, secretly asking questions, and wanting to correct and eliminate Ke. Jun, to warn, to ask for advice, to sit in the middle of the reprimand, is to issue a mourning uniform)
At this time, Zhuge Ke was really sitting on the first chair of the Eastern Wu Dynasty. Originally, he was a trusted minister appointed by the former emperor Sun Quan, and now that he has the merit of establishing a new emperor, he dares to ask Putian (the heaven of the State of Wu), who else can contend with it? Just like his uncle Zhuge Liang, he can embark on the road of assisting the country and ruling the country and overthrowing the world (the world of the Wu kingdom), becoming another person in the Three Kingdoms era, the "Zhuge Xiangxiang" who has been flowing for hundreds of years...
What happened next, however, far exceeded everyone's expectations. Zhuge Ke was crazy and not introverted enough, and his bad personality of self-restraint and self-sufficiency soon showed signs...
According to historical records, Zhuge Ke did a lot of work in his "fame" after he ascended to the throne of "Taifu". He abolished the "surveillance officer" system previously established by Sun Quan and dismissed the "eyes and ears officials" who originally had a large organization. At the same time, it also granted amnesty to the world and exempted the people from the taxes owed by the people...
Although these measures are indeed beneficial to the people of Eastern Wu. But Zhuge Ke's purpose in doing so was more than to find a way to win the hearts and minds of the people. At the same time as the implementation of each policy, he did not forget to sign his own name at the end of the official document, so that the people felt that it was Zhuge Ke who was practicing moral governance in a wide range. It is completely noisy and overshadowed the name of the young lord Sun Liang.
Not only that, Zhuge Ke also engaged in the work of face prestige, decorating his façade with good horses and luxury cars. So that every time he goes out, he is a big fanfare, so that people along the way look at each other and want to see its style...
Then, in the administration of the Eastern Wu state, Zhuge Ke also adhered to his previous "offensive thinking" as always. He felt that in the past, it was Sun Quan who suppressed him, making it impossible for him to implement the strategic plan of "going north into the Central Plains". Now that he himself has blocked the power, he is qualified to mobilize the manpower and national strength of the entire Eastern Wu to realize his grand plan...
Moreover, such an opportunity was quickly delivered to the door. Sima Shi, who was then the general of Cao Wei, wanted to take advantage of Sun Quan's new demise and the political instability of the State of Wu to cross the river to attack Eastern Wu. Therefore, the three-way army advanced, led by Yuqiu Jian, Hu Zun, Zhuge Shi and others, and attacked the important towns of Eastern Wu, such as Nan County, Wuchang, and Dongxing, which was quite threatening...
In the face of the pressure of the strong enemy's troops, Zhuge Ke was not in a hurry. At a glance, he saw through the Wei army's "feint attack strategy" and knew that the strategic center of gravity of his opponent was on the front line of Dongxing (present-day southwest of Hanshan, Anhui). He personally led 40,000 reinforcements to Dongxing, and appointed Ding Feng and Lü Zhao, Liu Zan, Tang Zhi and others as forwards, took the mountain road + took a boat, and reached Xutang in Dongxing in two days, and caught the enemy by surprise.
The Cao Wei army, which had lost its first hand, could only flee in panic, and the bridge sank due to the scramble to cross the pontoon bridge. The northern army, which was not good at water in itself, killed more than 10,000 people due to drowning. There are almost tens of thousands of people who have died in battlefield routs and trampling on each other. Even the general Han Zong, as well as Le An TaiShou Huan Jia and others, drowned in the water one after another...
I have to say that this is really a solid victory. Not only did he defeat Cao Wei's main force at a small cost, but he also successfully forced back two other enemy forces. After hearing the news of the defeat of Dongxing's troops, Yuqiu Jian and Wang Chang knew that the general trend had gone, so they could only quickly burn the camp and retreat. The large amount of military supplies that could not be taken away and did not have time to burn were also captured by the Wu army.
With the victory of this battle, Zhuge Ke once again consolidated his ruling position in the Eastern Wu Court. He was given the title of Marquis of Yangdu, and was given the titles of Xiang Xiang, Jing, and Yangzhou Mu, and supervised the army of the whole country.
(The Book of Jin and the Chronicle of Emperor Wen records that the Governor of Xunjin, the general Hu Zun of the Eastern Expedition, and the general Zhuge Zhi of Zhendong fought in Dongguan.) Defeat of the Second Army, Sitting on the Lost Marquis)
(The Chronicle of the Three Kingdoms - Book of Wu - Zhuge Ke Biography records that when the soldiers were raised, they clamored and chopped.) The Wei army scattered in shock, scrambling to cross the pontoon bridge, the bridge was broken, throwing itself into the water, and even more so. Le An Tai Shou Heng Jia and so on did not at the same time, tens of thousands of dead. Therefore, the rebel general Han Zong was made the military governor of Wei And was also beheaded. Thousands of cattle, horses, donkeys, and mules were obtained, and the resources were accumulated, and the brigade returned. Jinfeng Keyang Du marquis, Jia JingYang Prefecture Pastor, oversee the Chinese and foreign military forces, give 100 jin of gold, 200 horses, 100,000 horses each)
It can be said that until now, Zhuge Ke has been very successful. Not only did it have the merit of establishing a peaceful government at home, but also the victory of breaking the enemy and defeating the enemy externally. At this time, his position in the Eastern Wu Empire can be described as stable as Mount Tai, and no one can compete with it...
However, as we said earlier, Zhuge Ke's ambitions did not stop there. He also wanted to continue to prove himself on the battlefield, surpassing Zhuge Liang in the field of "Northern Expedition Cao Wei". Therefore, he also learned from Zhuge Liang to engage in "national mobilization", requisitioned more than 200,000 people and horses, prepared to march from the first line of Hefei in Huainan, and officially began to open the prelude to the northern advance of Eastern Wu and the counterattack...
We know that in ancient Chinese history, there has always been a saying that "guarding the river must guard Huai". This means that the Jianghuai region has always been a place where soldiers and families must fight, especially in this situation of north-south confrontation, whether it is the northern regime or the southern division, the yangtze river to the Huaihe river section is not only the most important strategic buffer, but also the best springboard for both offensive and defensive ends.
This is also why in the previous decades, the Eastern Wu side continued to use the Hefei generation as an offensive target. Because only by truly occupying this place can we effectively defend the Yangtze River defense line and gain the real initiative in the attack and defense of the northern Cao Wei.
Now, Zhuge Ke had set his sights on Jianghuai, a territory that was extremely important to Eastern Wu and could not be conquered by the strength of the whole country several times before. Naturally, I also want to go further and make greater contributions. Imagine if he could succeed in this battle, it would be a great achievement at least in the history of the Eastern Wu Empire. It is enough to stand tall with all predecessors, and it is also difficult for the latecomers to catch up.
However, what he did not expect was that Zhuge Ke's bold action this time, instead of achieving his meritorious name, became a figurine who dragged him into the dust of history... Because he did not accurately estimate the specific situation of his Eastern Wu Empire and the huge gap in strength with Cao Wei. Completely by his own strength and his own enthusiasm, he launched this war with overconfidence, and the subsequent results were also predictable...
According to historical records, from the very beginning, this operation was opposed by the whole country of Eastern Wu. The ministers believed that the national strength was weak and the soldiers were tired, and they unanimously discouraged it; but Zhuge Ke tried his best to defy the public opinion, insisted on going his own way, and requisitioned all the manpower and material resources of the whole country, which greatly increased the burden on the people.
Subsequently, in the campaign to besiege hefei New City, Zhuge Ke was also unfavorable in attack, and failed to take the city for more than a month, but lost a lot of men and horses, which caused the morale of the Wu army to be frustrated. What is even more frightening is that the plague that was once popular in Hefei and led to the previous defeat of Sun Quan Xiaoyaojin has also struck again. The army was once again in trouble, the soldiers were tired and tired, and they looked like they were going to fall into the same quagmire as they were then...
At this time, Zhuge Ke still insisted on attacking without slackening, and even ignored the infection reported by the officers of various battalions. He also dismissed the military powers of the generals Zhu Yi, Cai Lin and others, making the army even more chaotic... The Wei army took advantage of the situation to counterattack, and Sima Fu, Yuqiu Jian, and others led the troops to attack together. Zhuge Ke, who still wanted to fight with one, suffered from the fact that there were really no available soldiers at hand, so he finally exhausted his strength and retreated...
(The Chronicle of the Three Kingdoms - Book of Wu - Zhuge Ke Biography records: So the disobedient army was sent out, and 200,000 people in Dafa Prefecture and County, the people rioted, and the people began to lose people's hearts.) He is determined to exorcise the people of Huainan and drive away the people... In obedience to his plan, the hui army also besieged the new city. After months of attack and defense, the city was not pulled up. Soldiers were tired, and because of the summer drinking, they leaked and swelled, and most of the sick were killed and injured. There are many sick people in the camps, and they think that they are doing things, and they want to cut them off, but they dare not speak out... The general Zhu Yi was right and wrong, and he was furious and immediately seized his troops. Lieutenant Cai Lin counted Chen Junji, but he could not use it, and he planned to gallop to Wei. Wei Zhi warriors went on to the rescue of the soldiers... As a result, the crowd was disappointed, and resentment grew. ）
As the saying goes, winning or losing is also a common thing for soldiers. With the capital and popularity accumulated by Zhuge Ke in Eastern Wu before, it would not have collapsed because of just one tragic defeat. However, after the defeated army returned to the Dynasty, his various unwise deeds really discredited him and soon brought about the disaster of killing himself...
Yes, Zhuge Ke did not examine the reasons for his failure, nor did he apologize in any way. He didn't even feel that there was anything wrong with his previous overconfidence and misjudgment of the enemy. Instead, he blamed other people and threw the pot at others.
When he first returned to Jianye, before he could change his battle robes and armor, he immediately summoned Zhongshu Ling Sun Hey, and shouted at him, blaming him for indiscriminately issuing edicts of retirement and affecting the hearts of the troops on the front line; next, he gave a great purge to the low-level official system of Eastern Wu. Remove all officials at all levels who have previously been personally appointed by hand, and then re-elect them.
Then, Zhuge Ke once again put in his own "majesty" and blamed others indiscriminately. Later, the people who came to see him all held their breath and were cold. Not only that, but even the guards in his own army in the past, he was very suspicious, and all of them were replaced by people he trusted...
There is no doubt that Zhuge Ke's actions have basically made himself a "lonely man." The officials and clans who had originally supported him gradually alienated him. At this time, Zhuge Ke thought about going out again, pointing his sword at Xuzhou and other places in Qingzhou, and launching a military strategic operation on a scale that was even larger than before...
(The Chronicle of the Three Kingdoms - Book of Wu - Zhuge Ke Biography records that the Army returned in the autumn and August, and Chen Bing guided him and was included in the fuguan.) Summoning Zhongshu Ling Sun Hey, he said sharply: "How dare Qing and others make edicts in vain?" "Hey scared to quit and return home due to illness." After the conquest, Cao Shou played the post of commander-in-chief, and once he was elected, he became more and more majestic, and many sins were responsible, and those who entered the meeting were all breathless. He also changed it to Yi Su Wei and used it to be close. Fu Shu Bing Yan, want to blame, Xu)
When things are done, it is basically equivalent to digging a grave for yourself. Soon, amid the complaints of the people of the whole country, Sun Jun, who had originally established Zhuge Ke on the throne, made a plan with Emperor Sun Liang, and took the opportunity to kill Zhuge Ke with a sword on the pretext of inviting Zhuge Ke to a banquet. After that, the body was wrapped in a reed mat and thrown in the wild around Shizigang, and then the three tribes were destroyed...
Zhuge Ke, who had once been a generation of powerful ministers, who had distinguished himself and became an important minister of the auxiliary state, died in the court of Eastern Wu. His ending was regrettable, but not surprising. Because of his previous various deeds, especially his obstinate and arbitrary decision-making, he went his own way to attack Cao Wei. Pushing him mercilessly to the opposite side of the whole country, in the end, only to make everyone regard him as an enemy, to make him drink and hate under the sword...
Perhaps, we can also make an objective historical evaluation of zhuge ke in this regard. It should be said that he is indeed a very intelligent and talented person. Whether it is in internal counterinsurgency governance or in the use of troops on the battlefield, he has quite unique features, and he has really made great contributions to the country he serves.
However, his shortcomings are also obvious. Just like Zhuge Liang commented, his personality is too impatient, his heart is not calm enough, and he does everything in his own way, and he is radical and conscientious. I don't know how to move in and out freely, be reserved, and cultivate obscurity...
These problems have been exposed, which is the "self-type" personality of Zhuge Ke who is rigid and self-conscious and arbitrary. The greatest evil result is that he has empty talents, but he lacks the heart, cannot effectively unite others, and instead suffers from all kinds of jealousy. Especially when he has great merit and higher status, the more people will stand against him... In the end, it is inevitable that the wall will fall down and everyone will push it, and fall directly from the top of life to the abyss...
In fact, as early as when Zhuge Kefu entered the Eastern Wu Shitu and first led the army to conquer Shanyue, his father Zhuge Jin had already seen the signs. Thinking that Zhuge Ke's entry into politics will not only have no good results, but will affect the entire family.
(The Chronicle of the Three Kingdoms - Book of Wu - Zhuge Ke Biography records that When Father Ke heard about it, he also did not catch it in the end, and sighed: "If you do not greatly promote my family, you will also be a great Chi Wu clan.") ”）
Later it turned out that it was indeed Zhizi Moruo's father. Zhuge Ke's career experience in Eastern Wu not only failed to bring prosperity to their family, but also brought about a devastating blow to the destruction of the three tribes. Even when later generations wrote novel reviews, in the entire history of Eastern Wu, it was difficult to discover what deeds of their Zhuge family... (In the novel, the role of Zhuge Jin's family is also very limited)
At the end of the writing, we may be able to imagine that people like Zhuge Ke can be outstanding, but have large personality defects and low emotional intelligence. Is it really not suitable for the "auxiliary minister", who needs to stand in the supreme position of decision-making at the national level, but more suitable for being a "minister of doing things" and handling specific affairs under the command of others?
Yes, suppose that at the time of Sun Quan's death, there was a person like Zhou Yu, Lu Su, and Lu Xun. A figure who is both highly respected and good at political mediation, to act as a "minister of solitude". At the same time, he also acted as Zhuge Ke's superior, on the one hand, suppressing his arrogant personality of self-sufficiency, on the other hand, letting others make the best use of him, and exerting his talents in both the military and the government...
Perhaps, Zhuge Ke could really become a fierce general who commanded thousands of troops and horses on the battlefield and attacked invinciblely; or he could become a feudal official who guarded the town and made meritorious governance. And not to be absurdly reduced to the enemy of the world, and finally to be in a different place, and the end of the exposed wilderness...
PS: Personally, I feel that in addition to Zhuge Ke's own personality and temper, the differences in the political environment between Eastern Wu and Shu Han are also one of the reasons for his final tragedy.
We all know that the Shu Han Empire was inherently insufficient, and its internal instability was unstable, and it was surrounded by strong enemies, so it was always in an atmosphere of tense mobilization in which everyone was in danger and the mountains and rain were about to come. Zhuge Liang could also take this opportunity to gain great power and dominate the government, and at the same time implement his own iron-blooded policy in the name of the Southern Expedition and the Northern Expedition (the Southern Expedition is to stabilize the rear, and the North is to attack instead of defend, which is a necessary action).
However, Eastern Wu is different, because the existence of natural dangers on the Yangtze River makes the whole country safer. The localities are rich and the people live and work in peace and contentment, and the desire for war is not strong, let alone the strong sense of crisis that the Shu Han had.
What's more, the founding of Eastern Wu was the foreign Sun clan, based on the allegiance of several major families and the arch of the local warrior forces. Although the internal factional struggle is not very fierce, it is difficult to be completely twisted into a rope under the cohesion of a certain center...
Therefore, if you want to base yourself on the court of Eastern Wu, you must have stronger political ability to "dictate" the entire country with your own "will". This is obviously not something that ordinary people can do...
Zhuge Ke, on the other hand, obviously did not think through these things. Under the premise that his political level is not as good as Zhuge Liang's, and there are still huge defects in personality. However, he insisted on going his own way, forcibly emulating Zhuge Liang and engaging in a policy of monopoly of power in Eastern Wu... The final result can only prove that his set is obviously not feasible...
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