There are many outstanding military talents in China's history, and if you want to rank seniority, Genghis Khan can also rank at the forefront. As a Mongol Khan, Genghis Khan had four sons in his lifetime: the eldest son, Bo'er Only Jin Shuchi, the second son, Boer Zhijin Chagatai, the third son, Boer Only Jin Wokoutai, and the youngest son, Boer Zhijin, Tuolei.
Genghis Khan's youngest son, Boer Jin Torre, although the youngest of the brothers, has made great achievements in history. He fully inherited his father's wisdom and courage, and also inherited the blood of the Mongolian Xiao Yong and good war, and once destroyed the main force of the Jin Army together with the third brother Wo Kuotai. Torre followed his father to expand the territory, and his excellent tactics and strategies contributed to the rise of the Yuan Empire.
So today Xiaobian will introduce to you, the brilliant life of Emperor Jingxiang of the Yuan Dynasty Ruizong Jingxiang Emperor Bao'er Only Jin Tuolei, let's take a look at it!
A brief biography of YuanRui Zong'er Only Jin Tuolei
Military career
Tului (Mongolian for mirror, 1193–1232), Mongol. The ancestor of the Emperor of the Yuan Dynasty, the fourth son (youngest son) of Emperor Yuan Taizu(孛兒孛兒) only Jin Temujin, with the honorific title "Also NaYan" (大官人).
After the death of Genghis Khan in 1227, his third son, Bo'er Jin Wo Kuotai, succeeded him and Tuolei oversaw the country. In 1232, he led an army to defeat the Jin army and died of illness on the way back to the army. After his eldest son, Bao'er Jin Meng Ge ascended the throne, he was given the honorific title of "Emperor Yingwu" and the temple name "Ruizong" (贤宗立, posthumously honored as Emperor Yingwu, and the temple name Ruizong. In the second year, the HaoTianhou Earth was sacrificed to the Taizu Ruizong).
In the second year of the Yuan Dynasty (1265 AD), during the reign of his fourth son, Kublai Khan, he was renamed Emperor Jingxiang. In the second year of his reign (1309 AD), he was crowned "Emperor Jingxiang of Rensheng".
Tului (ancient Mongolian for mirror) was the fourth son of Genghis Khan's wife, Boerti, and his three older brothers were Shuchi, Chagatai, and Wokoutai.
In the sixth year of the Southern Song Dynasty (1213), Tuolei captured the Jin state of Dexing Province (present-day Zhuolu County, Hebei Province), and later accompanied his father to conquer the Xiong, Ba, Mo, Hejian and other Hebei prefectures and counties of Shandong.
In the twelfth year of Jiading (1219), during the Western Expedition, Tuolei and his father Genghis Khan led the main force across the desert and went straight to Wuhua. Father and son led the Mongol army from Nahei Sandstone and crossed the Iron Gate Pass (the Buzgarle Pass in the Baisong Mountains, 90 kilometers south of present-day Shahrsha Boznan, Uzbekistan). Genghis Khan selected the strongest men from the various armies to form an elite army, and ordered Tuo Lei to lead the way, first crossing the Amu River to take the cities of Khorasan. Later, Genghis Khan entered the Tali Han Village (north of the upper reaches of the Mulgab River in present-day Afghanistan). The Talihan army and civilians defended the fortified territory, and the Mongol army besieged the mountain city for 7 months, until Tuolei was recalled to meet his father. The city's defenders and people were slaughtered. Soon after, Tuolei entered the Khorasan region on the orders of his father to take brutal revenge on cities that dared to rebel against the Mongols.
Once, because a small Mongol army was annihilated under the city of Malu, Tuolei led 70,000 elite troops to besiege Malu in March of the fourteenth year of Jiading (1221), and the commander of Malu went out of the city to surrender, and Tuolei pretended not to kill, but after the Mongol army entered the city, only 400 craftsmen were selected and slaughtered all the residents and pawns.
In May of the fourteenth year of Jiading (1221), Tuolei attacked you Shabu'er again, and the city sent the sheikh and gentlemen out of the city to ask for surrender, but the tuolei were not allowed, and ordered cannons and stone throwers to attack, and after entering the city, the arsonists were killed. In addition, the cities of Tusi, Naisa (present-day eastern Ashgabat, Turkmenistan), and Zhifein were swept away by the winds. Due to the height of the summer, the Tuolei army was recalled by Genghis Khan to Talihan. On the way back, the Tore army attacked Yali (present-day Herat, Afghanistan), the military and civilians of Yali City resisted, and after 8 days the commander of the defenders was killed, Tuolei allowed the inhabitants of the city to surrender and avoid slaughtering the city, but all 12,000 of Zalandin's soldiers were killed.
In the twelfth year of Jiading (1219), after Tuolei participated in the Western Expedition, according to Mongolian customs, before the youngest son went on the expedition, Genghis Khan's Lady Kulan was on the line. Lady Yisui said to Genghis Khan: "Among the princes, there are 4 concubines, and who should inherit the rule after the Lord returns to the west?" After hearing this, Genghis Khan thought that the words were reasonable, and immediately summoned his brothers and sons to agree that in the future, Wokoutai would be the heir to the Khan's throne.
In the third year of Baoqing (1227), before his death, Genghis Khan once again summoned his sons to his side and demanded that they obey the leadership of Wokoutai and that the brothers should be sincerely united. Soon, Genghis Khan fell ill and died, and according to the feudal monarchy, he should immediately appoint an heir to the throne, but the Mongolian Kuriletai system (tribal council system) is still in play, and Wokoutai cannot succeed to the throne because of his father's will, and must wait for the final decision of Kuriletai. In the meantime, the throne was vacant for two years, and he was regent by Tuolei.
In August of the second year of Shaoding (1229), in order to elect a new Great Khan, the Mongol kings and important ministers held a general meeting. There were people in the court who adhered to the old system, advocated the establishment of the young son Tuolei, and opposed the will of Genghis Khan, and the assembly disputed for 40 days. At this time, Shu chi was dead, Chagatai fully supported Wokoutai, and the Tuolei forces were alone, so they had to support his brother Wokoutai to take the throne.
In the third year of Shaoding (1230), Tuolei and Wokoutai divided their forces to attack Jin. In accordance with the will of their father, Genghis Khan, they used force to fake the Song Dynasty.
In the winter of the fourth year of Shaoding (1231), Tuolei defeated the main force of the Jin army at The Three Peaks Mountain in Junzhou (in present-day Yuzhou, Henan), and took advantage of the victory to capture the counties of Henan and other places. In the summer of the fifth year of Shaoding (1232), due to the extreme heat, Tore had to lead his army back to the division, and then fell ill and died on the way.
Character evaluation
As a young son, he had the privilege of accompanying his parents, and he showed outstanding military ability on his father's journey to the west, he could not attack the thorns, attacked Yeli, attacked Naisa, it can be said that there were Tuolei everywhere in the Mongol conquest of West Asia. Tuolei also defeated the main forces of the Jin Dynasty in Junzhou and occupied a large area of territory in the Huanghuai River Valley.
There is no doubt that Boer Jin Tuolei was the most capable militarily among Genghis Khan's sons. Although he also made many mistakes during his journey to the west, such as massacring and destroying the city. But Tore's outstanding military contribution to the creation of a super empire across Eurasia by The Mongols is to be recognized.
The mystery of early death
Tore was an outstanding military figure, with more than 70 percent of the Mongol army in his hands and great military might. In the battle against gold, he showed outstanding military talent. In the struggle of the Mongol court, this could not but arouse the jealousy of his brother Wokoutai. In the summer of 1232, due to the extreme heat, Tore had to lead his army back to the division, and then fell ill and died on the way.
Another said that he was killed by Wokoutai. At that time, when Tuolei was on his way back from the Jinguo Class, Wokoutai pretended to be a ghost, Tuolei served him, and the Shami wizard chanted a mantra and cleaned wokoutai's disease in a cup of water. Tuo Lei loved his brother, so he took the cup and prayed, and drank the water in the cup to remove the disease, so Wokoutai was cured of his illness, and Tuo Lei resigned and set off, and died soon after. But of course, this is only a legend, and it is very likely that the water drunk by the thunder was poisoned by the wizard or even the wokoutai. Tore was 40 years old and his burial place is unknown.
Tuolei played a major role in the genghis Khan and Wokoutai periods, when it was believed that "the merit of Tuolei was written in the society". But what was the cause of such a remarkable and important figure in the Mongol Khanate who suddenly "died young and early" at the age of 41?
The Biography of Emperor Ruizong of Yuan Shi records that in 1232, "In May, Emperor Taizong did not hesitate. In June, the disease was severe. Pray to the heavens and the earth, please replace it with your body, and take the water of the witch to remove the disease and drink it. After a few days, Emperor Taizong recovered from his illness, and Tuolei returned from the north to the land of thought of Araha, and when he encountered illness, he lived forty years (one)."
The Yuan Shi Taizong Ji records: "In September, Tuo Lei Xue. It shows that it has been 3 months since Thorley's death was when he drank the "holy water", and it is not known whether the "disease" that caused Tuolei's death was related to the "holy water".
The records of the "History Collection" are much the same as the "YuanShi", but they are much more detailed than the "Yuanshi", and it is more clear that Tuolei's death is directly related to the cup of "water to wash the disease", because it was only after Tuolei drank that cup of water that "after a few days, he fell ill and died". And when Tuolei's widow repeatedly said that Tuolei died for the sake of Hehan, he was not refuted by anyone, including the Great Khan of Wokoutai, who also felt indebted to the couple.
According to section 272 of the Secret History of the Mongols, it is shown that the drinking of the "cursed water" was deliberately arranged by the wizards and directly approved by the Great Khan of Wokoutai, in which case Tore had to drink; and only a few moments after drinking the "cursed water", Tuolei died, indicating that the "cursed water" was a bowl of poisonous water that killed people.
But the above discussion is still a corollary, what is the cause of death of Tuolei? There are several different opinions in the field of domestic and foreign historians:
One is to say that Tuolei is loyal to the king and loves his brother, and sincerely dies on behalf of his brother, and in the eyes of the authors of the "Yuan History", "History Collection" and "Secret History of Mongolia", Tuolei was a hero worth emulating before and after his death, and did not question the cause of his death.
Another theory is that Wokoutai and Tuolei were both ignorant, they were actually fooled and framed by the shamans, and the cup of witch water to cure the disease was a cup of poisonous wine, but at that time, Wokoutai and Tuolei were all kept in the dark.
The third theory is that Wokoutai was the informant and the main messenger, and he was "afraid that the prestige and power of the tow mine would continue to increase and pose a threat to himself, so he set up this deception to kill the tow mine."
In short, the historical records record that there are many factors in the death of Yuan Ruizong Tore, and which one is reasonable and actually remains to be studied.
Torre's wife
Tore's wife, second only to Genghis Khan in her contribution to Mongolia. The reason for this is that Tuolei's wife, who bore four children for the Mongol Empire, three of whom became the Great Khan, and only one of whom was Ali Bu brother, fought with Kublai Khan for the Khan's throne and failed.
Tore's wife, named Tsubluheti. She was the daughter of King Kriebu's younger brother Zahe Daren. In 1203 BC, after Genghis Khan destroyed the Krebe, he married Tuolei. She was the first of all Tuolei's wives to marry Tuolei, and she was the oldest and most favored.
After Tuolei's death in 1232, Drag's wife, Lu hetiani, took charge of the entire Tore family. Someone once offered to marry Guiyu, the eldest son of Tore, but she refused. In order to punish her, Kuo Wotai decided to give Tuolei's three thousand households to his third son, Kuoduan. Although many of Tuolei's old ministers were dissatisfied, he persuaded them to agree to this decision in order to win over the broad end. Maintained the stability of the Tore family.
Instigate Lu Hetiani to act decisively and think deeply. During her reign, she gave preferential treatment to people of various religions, especially Confucianism and Confucianism. At the same time, she also rewarded the king and the soldiers and civilians, and received widespread support. One of the greatest things she did was to enable Möngke to gain the support of his ministers and help the Tore family gain the Khanate.
After Bo'er Jin Meng Ge ascended the throne, he honored Lu Hetiani as empress dowager. In order to make Möngke's Khanship more secure, he instigated Lu Hetiani to ruthlessly suppress opponents, and even executed the empress Dowager Wulihai.
In the second year of Emperor Yuanxianzong, that is, in 1252 AD, he instigated Lu Hetiani to die of illness, thus ending a magnificent life.
How many years has it been in total?
Before Genghis Khan's death, he had long considered the heir to the Khan's throne. The third son, Wo Kuotai, was good at controlling the government and had outstanding talents in managing the government. The fourth son, Torre, was born a martial arts wizard, who was brave and good at fighting, and had a unique hand in leading soldiers. There has been a long debate over the succession to the Khan's throne. Because Genghis Khan considered it comprehensively, he made a will to pass the Khan's position to Wokoutai, but according to the Mongolian tradition, the Khan's position was generally passed to the youngest son, that is, Torre.
Genghis Khan's decision went against tradition, and after Genghis Khan's death, the legitimacy of the succession to Wokoutai was opposed by some ministers, and in this dilemma, Torre served as a prisoner for two years, which was the best way to alleviate the conflict. During this period, the competition for the Khan's position in the Torre Prison State never stopped, of course, the brother Wokoutai was not a vegetarian step by step. In the end, Wokoutai ascended to the throne with the will of his father and the support of his second brother Chagatai. Torre's position as overseer ended there.
Interpretation: The relationship between the Shuchi and drag departments is unbreakable, but why did the former descendants oppose Kublai Khan twice?
As early as the time of Temujin Temujin, Temujin's second son, Bao'er Chagatai and the third son, Bao'er, formed a solid alliance, while the eldest son, Bo'er, only Jin, and Shuchi, had been repeatedly bullied by the second and third brothers because of the problem of bloodline, and finally, the hidden fourth brother Bo'er Only Jin Tuolei and the eldest brother Shu chi also formed an alliance.
Before Shuchi's death, he also took special care of his son Battu to support the fourth uncle and the family forever. Later, Batu manipulated the Kuriletai Assembly, snatched the Khan's throne from the Hands of the Wokoutai clan, and pushed Tuolei's eldest son, Möngke, onto the throne of the Imperial Khan, and during this period, the relationship between the two clans had reached the point of glue.
When Boer Jin Batu died, he also promised his descendants to uphold the tradition of assisting the Tuolei clan, but the successive Khan kings twice opposed Bo Er Jin Kublai Khan.
The first time the Shuchi clan opposed Kublai Khan was after Möngke Khan was killed in battle, when Kublai Khan and Ali Buge, who were dragging the clan, competed for the Khan's throne, and the Khan king of the Shuchi clan originally wanted to support Möngke Khan's heirs to succeed to the throne, but the age was too young and the timing was not right, and finally the Shuchi clan had to choose Ali Bu Brother and expressed opposition to Kublai Khan.
The second time the Shuchi clan opposed Kublai Khan was during Kublai Khan's conquest of Haidu. In that great war, Kublai Khan sent his son Namukhan as his commander, and Möngke Khan's sons Sharigi and Thyrmur to accompany the army. The son of Möngke Khan, who had grown up, thought that the Khan position should have belonged to him, and the brothers took Namukhan hostage, and also contacted Timur Khan, who, with the help of the latter, prince Celigi called Khan.
Although in the end, The Khan of Sarigi was defeated by Kublai Khan, the Shuchi lineage, which had been opposed twice, had already aroused Kublai Khan's strong dissatisfaction.
In fact, the descendants of the Shuchi clan cannot be regarded as violating the last instructions of their ancestors such as Shu chi and Batu, but the Tuolei clan they have always supported is only the Möngke clan, not kublai Khan's clan.