As for the year in which Yang Shoujing began to write the "Notes on the Water Classic", because he did not give a specific date in the "Annals", it caused great speculation in later generations. Scholars have two propositions when studying this issue, one is the Guangxu Five-Year Theory, and this statement is based on the narrative written by Yang Shoujing's teacher Pan Cun to the "Notes on the Water Classics and Deletions". Pan exists in Syriac saying:
Chubei Yang Junwu, extensive, good and profound thinking, all the discussion, witty words like a hundred poems, solid as bamboo Ting, Bo debate as great. In the han, Ying Zhongyuan was ugly, and in The Tang Dynasty, Du Junqing was neglected, and this must have an insight crux, and then dare to speak for Si, the so-called eyes are high in the sky and the sky is empty. The "Map of Historical Public Opinion" written by him runs through Part B; the "Sui Book of Geography And Research", counting and skillful calendar; and the "Water Classics Commentary" is illuminated by the divine light, speaking directly with Li Ting, enough to deter Xie Shan, Zhao and Dai change color, Wenqi Meicun, unmatched numbers, haze for a long time, huan like a god, the world is unique, the great elegance, not my river Han.
Pan cun exaggerated Yang Shoujing's extensive readings in Syriac, specifically pointing out Yang's important contributions to public opinion and geoscience, and Pan believed that Yang's "Notes on the Water Classics" could be compared with Li Daoyuan's "Notes on the Water Classics", and its achievements far exceeded quan Zuwang, Zhao Yiqing, and Dai Zhen. However, this passage of Pan Cun's narrative is contained in Yang Shoujing's "Annals of the Old Man of Linsu" under the sixty-six-year-old article, which should be the thirty years of Guangxu at this time, why Yang Shoujing ranked the narrative of Guangxu's five years so late, and Hu Shi seized on this point and accused Yang Shoujing of acting: "This piece of Yang Shoujing's self-praise, too much, showed the horse's feet." Guangxu was only forty-one years old, and he had just arrived in Wuchang to sell books, where there was the "Map of Public Opinion in Past Dynasties", where there was the "Sui Book Geographical History Examination", and where there was the "Water Commentary". ("Two Codexes on the Water Sutra Commentary on the Water Classics")
Chengjiang is like a practice
For this passage of Hu Shi's words, Chen Qiaoyi said in the article "Historical Geographer Yang Shoujing and His < Water Commentary on > Research": "Hu Shi's words may be extreme, but they are worthy of attention. The "Narrative" was written in the fifth year of Guangxu, and although the "Map of Public Opinion in Past Dynasties" was not printed until the end of Guangxu, he had compiled this map with Deng Chengxiu and Rao Dunzhi in his early years, and Pan Cun may have seen the draft and ignored it. However, according to Yang's "Annals", according to Yang's "Annals", it was not drafted with Xiong Huizhen until the twelfth year of Guangxu, and in the sixteenth year, "the second draft of the reference to each other" and the eighteenth year "the third draft of the Sui Zhi were proofread". How could Pan Cun not have predicted the prophet? The same is true of the "Notes on the Water Classics", a large book of eighty volumes, which has not been heard beforehand, how can it be seen by Pan Cun in the fifth year of Guangxu? Moreover, Quan Zuwang's Seven Schools " Notes on the Water Classics " were not published until the fourteenth year of Guangxu, and they were never circulated beforehand, so how could Pan Cun set the tone of 'Xie Shan deterred' nine years before the publication of this book? ”
Next, Chen Qiaoyi quoted Chen Sanli's "Epitaph of Mr. Yang in Yidu" as saying: "He wrote hundreds of volumes, and in his later years he became a book called "Notes on the Water Classics". It is clearly stated here that the book was written in the later years of the Yang family, and at the same time, Chen Qiaoyi also recounted that Xiong Huizhen entered the Yang Mansion in the fourth year of Guangxu to teach Yang Shoujing's third son, and in the twelfth year of Guangxu, Xiong Huizhen re-entered the Yang Residence to teach reading, at this time Fang participated in the compilation work. Even if Xiong Huizhen helped Yang Shoujing write the Commentary on the Water Classics when he first went to the Yang family as a tutor, the book has as many as eighty volumes, and it is impossible to complete this book in one year, but Pan Cun's five-year preface has already mentioned the completion of this book.
How to explain the source of Pan Cun's five years of Narrative problems? Chen Qiaoyi believes that there are two possibilities in the text: "The first possibility is that the "Narrative" is indeed from Pan Cun's hand, and Pan Cun wrote these after listening to some of the future writing plans told him by Yang. Pan Cun is an official, he only knows a set of nonsense in official entertainment, he does not know the seriousness of doing learning, and he does not need to comment. Another possibility, perhaps the shrewdness and sensitivity of Yang's personality, which had already been pointed out to the face, in order to attract the attention of the academic community, Yang himself wrote this "Narrative" signed by Pan Cun in the thirty years of Guangxu (1904). Hu Shi believed that Pan Cun had great kindness to Yang, so Yang wanted to leave Pan's name in his important work, so he created this "Narrative". ”
Spanning north and south
In fact, Yang Shoujing wrote under the sixty-six-year-old article of the "Annals of the Old Man of Linsu" that "the draft of the Water Sutra Annotations" was completed", and under the sixty-seven-year-old article, he wrote: "Engrave the "Water Sutra Annotations to Delete" into it. With the "Water Commentary" volume Shu Haobo, it is not easy to write, and I am old, I am afraid that I will not be able to go to the wood, and Guzhi Hanshi has not been able to make this huge amount of money, but it is for the "to be deleted" into the book, so that hainei scholars know that I have this book. He has good deeds to publish in my book every day, so as not to have a dispute between Zhao Dai and Zhao Dai, and the slight meaning of this magazine "to be deleted" is also. ”
Therefore, the book was indeed close to completion in his later years, but the "Water Commentary" was too large, Yang Shoujing was unable to engrave it, and he was worried that this manuscript would be lost in later generations, so he extracted the main points of the book and carved it into the book "Water Commentary to Delete" to express his research results. In his later years, he was still trying to proofread this draft, and Xiong Huizhen said in the "Continuation of the Annals of the Elderly Of Linsu": "After the founding of the Republic of China, mr. Because the "Water Commentary" has been written, it has yet to be proofread, and it is necessary to refer to various books, instruct the family to return the manuscript, and transport all the collected books to Shanghai. Draft to the end, Nichiren and Huizhen detailed review. Each roll is made, as if it were a mistake, and that night it was placed by the lamp bed, and the roll was written in bed, and it was repeatedly reviewed, or it was not sleepy all night. ”
In order to complete the "Water Commentary", Yang Shoujing spent all night in his later years to review the original manuscript, which shows how much he attaches to this book. But even so, he did not erase Xiong Huizhen's hard work for this book, and Yang Shoujing explicitly told Xiong Huizhen before his death: "This book was written by two people, and the text is half of each." In this way, it can be seen that Yang Shoujing's mind, he did not write the credit to himself because Xiong Huizhen was originally his tutor and later became his disciple, and he asked that the signature of this book be juxtaposed. However, Xiong Huizhen also had great respect for the teacher, and he changed the signature of the book to "Yidu Yang Shou Jing Shu Shu, Doorman Xiong Hui Zhen Shan Shu".
My temporary mount
After Yang Shoujing's death, Xiong Huizhen continued to revise the "Water Commentary", a process that lasted for more than twenty years, and finally made the "Water Commentary" a final draft. It can be seen that Xiong Huizhen also exhausted most of his life's energy for this book, but he said in his last words: "Wen, two-thirds of Yang Shi, and one-third of Huizhen." For Xiong Huizhen's contribution, Zou Huaqing gave the following fair evaluation in his doctoral dissertation "Yang Shoujing Academic Research": "After Yang Shoujing's death in 1915, the doorman Xiong Huizhen inherited the shizhi, and even more did not dare to slacken off, and then revised the "Water Passage Annotation" for more than twenty years, and finally made the "Water Passage Annotation" finalized. From the above, it is not difficult for us to see that Xiong Huizhen's energy spent on the "Water Commentary" has far exceeded that of his master Yang Shoujing. However, as the creator and compiler of this book (Yang had already completed the basic manuscript of the "Notes on the Water Classics" before his death), as a representative figure of the geography school in the study of Li, Yang Shoujing should enjoy a lofty position in the history of Chinese Li studies. ”
Yang Shoujing proofread the "Notes on the Water Classics" is not only a blackmail of his predecessors, he also pointed out some sources that have not been noticed by previous people, such as the most famous passage in the "Notes on the Water Classics and The Notes on The Rivers and Waters II":
Seven hundred miles from the Three Gorges, the two sides of the river are connected by mountains, and there is no gap. Heavy rocks and mountains, hidden in the sky. Since midnight in the non-pavilion, there is no moon. As for the Xia Shui Xiang Mausoleum, it is blocked along the way. Or the king's order is urgently announced, sometimes the white emperor, twilight to Jiangling, in the middle of a thousand two hundred miles, although riding on the royal wind, not to the disease. In the spring and winter, the green pool is turbulent and the reflection is cleared. There are many strange cypresses, hanging spring waterfalls, and flying gargles in between. It's clean and lush, and it's a lot of fun. Every sunny and early frost, the forest is cold and cold, and there are often tall apes roaring, which is miserably caused, and the empty valley is heard, and the mourning is long gone. Therefore, the fisherman's song is: The Three Gorges of Padang is long, and the apes sing three tears.
Climb the stairs
This passage is included in the middle school textbook, making it a well-known beautiful article, and the textbook will praise Li Daoyuan's passage as a beautiful prose, but Yang Shoujing combed through it and found that this passage was adapted from other people's articles. Zou Huaqing pointed out this problem in his paper: "This passage is a vivid and vivid description of the Three Gorges of the Yangtze River, which is wonderful and wonderful, and has always been praised by ancient and modern literati, and is generally believed to be written by Li Daoyuan himself. Yang's "Shu" text points out: "From the Three Gorges Seven Hundred Miles" sentence to the "Tear Stain" sentence totals more than 180 words, quoted from Sheng Hongzhi's "Jingzhou Record", the citation can be found in the "Taiping Imperial Records" volume 53. Without the Shu text, the reader would mistakenly think that this passage was written by Li Daoyuan himself. ”
Is it necessary for so many university scholars in history to work hard to collate the Notes on the Water Classics and to lead to such a large section of public cases? Liang Qichao raised this question in the Academic History of China in the Past Three Hundred Years: "In the end, Yang Yuwu wrote eighty volumes of the "Notes on the Water Classics", which were incapable of being fully engraved, that is, several volumes of "To Be Deleted". His book is quite zhu mou wei's lawsuit straight, not Xiao Zhao and Dai Youtai, saying that 'this book is the original 1/2 of the Li clan, the 45 of the 10 those who passed on the engraving, and the 23 of the 10 for Zhao and Dai revisions'... I did not dare to judge the gains and losses of each family as a layman, but the situation of this study is as before. There are many rulers, so the narrative does not avoid word fees. But whether this book is worth such hard work or not is a question. From my point of view, geography is not measured empirically, it is always empty talk on paper, and Qing Confucianism and efforts to govern the "Notes on the Water Classics" are just to express the poverty of the geological content of the Qing Dynasty. ”
Liang Qian said that he did not understand this knowledge, so he could not evaluate who was right and who was wrong, but he thought that such an ancient geographical work could use so much effort to proofread? He believes that the study of geography should be measured in practice, and after all, talk on paper is empty talk, and so many people are studying the Notes on the Water Classics, which also shows that Qing Dynasty scholars did not have major breakthroughs in the study of historical geography.
It is also known as the Memorial
There is also truth to this statement, but this historical case is the actual reaction of that era, and we cannot use the modern point of view to demand the ancients, and the serious exploration of the ancients in learning certainly has its value. What's more, Yang Shoujing did not just write articles in the literature, he also did some fieldwork. For example, he has such a passage in the "Water Commentary":
Yu tasted from the Qing River up to The Ziqiu of Changyang, and the boat stopped here. In the meantime, the beach risk is tens of hundreds, and the mountain gorges on both sides of the river are several times narrower than the Wuxia Gorge. From Ziqiu above, it is even more rugged. Its water has a cliff of dozens of feet like a waterfall, it must not be accessible. If there were rivers flowing together in ancient times, it was bound to overflow the mountains and valleys, and it would not only be dangerous to cross the Three Gorges, but also between the sand canal and the Wa Mountains, there would be no residents.
It can be seen that in order to implement the records in the "Notes on the Water Classics", Yang Shoujing also took risks and made field investigations, but his personal situation made it impossible for him to go through the water systems contained in the "Notes on the Water Classics" one by one.
Instructional cards
Although his predecessors had also engaged in this kind of work, there were errors in the work, and the "Water Economic Annotation Map" made by Yang Shoujing was based on the "Map of the Unification of the Great Qing Dynasty" compiled and drawn by Hu Linyi, and then published in the form of Zhu Mo overprint. This figure is painted one map per water in the order of the catalogue of "Water Economic Annotations", a total of 305 pictures, Yang Shoujing said in the examples of "Water Commentary":
Where the landscape and water are in the city, Ju Bo Kao's "Chronicle of the Land", "Notes on the Book of the Later Han Dynasty", "Yuan Hezhi", "Tongdian", and "Huanyu Ji" are all in the books. Those who do not contain the ancient dizhi refer to the "Minutes of Fang Public Opinion", the "Unified Zhi", and the books of the near Confucian commentaries. The Western Regions are based on the "Historical Tales of the Western Regions", the "Records of the Buddha Kingdom", and the "Records of the Western Regions of the Great Tang Dynasty", and there are also those contained in the books that do not conform to the orientation of the LiShu, then they are directly in the Lishu Diagram.
It can be seen that Yang Shoujing made great efforts to compile this book, and it has become the most accurate one of its kind. Therefore, Chen Qiaoyi praised in the text: "Yang's "Tu" is the leader of all the "Water Sutra Annotations" so far. ”
Facing the river
Regarding the results of Yang Shoujing's "Water Commentary", Xu Jialu mentioned in the article "A Brief Discussion on Yang Shoujing< Water Jing Annotation >" that Dong Li of Capital Normal University Professor Xie Chengren mentioned in this collection that there are two punctuation books of "Water Commentary". In the text, Xu Jialu summarized Xie Chengren's evaluation of the "Notes on the Water Classics": "The book is the main masterpiece of Yang's family, which concentrates on his academic harmony and governance methods, and is an epoch-making work with the highest level of research and greatest achievements in Lixue for more than three hundred years since Zhu Mouwei's "Notes on the Water Classics". And Xu Jialu also pointed out the shortcomings of the "Water Commentary" in the text. Zhong Fengnian carefully combed through the "Notes on the Water Classics", and he found that there were more than 2,400 errors and inaccuracies in the book. (Zhong Fengnian's "Water Commentary On Erration")
In view of this, the "Commentary on the Water Classics" is still an important monograph on historical geography, and Zhen Guoxian and Chen Zhi commented in the preface to the "Notes on the Water Classics": "The Yang clan completed this "Shu" and "Tu" with private strength, and its workload was very arduous, and it revised many revisions to the interpretations of zhuzhi li famous scholars such as Quan Zuwang, Zhao Yiqing, Dai Zhen, and so on. In the text, Chen Qiaoyi summarized Yang Shoujing's achievements in the book "Notes on the Water Classics" into three points, the third of which is: "It is precisely because he is a powerful historical geographer that he is likely to finally achieve brilliant achievements in the study of the Notes on the Water Classics, and become the last outstanding Li scholar in the Qing Dynasty in China since the peak of Li Xue in the Qianlong era!" ”
Closure announcement
Yang Shoujing's former residence is located at No. 30, Linsu Lane, Yidu City, Hubei Province. I first visited the Yang Shoujing Memorial Hall in the Yidu Museum, and then visited Yang Shoujing's former residence. When I left the Yang Shoujing Memorial Hall, I asked the staff member about yang Shoujing's former residence in Neighboring Su Lane, and he told me that it was under maintenance and was not open to the public. However, I still wanted to go to the field to see it, so I bid farewell to him, stopped a taxi, and asked him to drive to Yang Shoujing's former residence.
Wen Bao brand
I found the address of Yang Shoujing's former residence in Lucheng Street Adjacent Su Lane, but before leaving in baidu map to look up, there is no Linsu Lane this address, in my guess, there are two possibilities, one is that this alley is too small, the other is a newly named alley, Baidu map has not yet had time to update. The driver heard that I was going to Yang Shoujing's former residence, and also told me that it was not open, it seems that the people of Yidu are indeed very concerned about Yang Shoujing, whether his former residence is open, even the taxi driver knows.
View in front of the door
Yidu gave me a very good impression, yesterday when I came to Yidu by minibus, it was late, when I entered Yidu, because of the height of the road, the city lights rose and fell in front of my eyes, quite a sense of cinematic picture, the tranquility and tranquility of the small city suddenly made people nostalgic. Walking on the street after dawn today, I noticed that the street was unusually clean, even if it was through the most crowded places such as the long-distance bus station, there was no one littering, and an old couple selling oranges on the side of the road, sitting in the morning sun and chatting about home, reminded me of "Peach Blossom Origin". I really want to taste the taste of local oranges, ask the old man for a price, it was only a dollar a pound, this is full of a bag of oranges, only three dollars for me, the old lady said that it was picked from her own tree, it must be sweet.
Little lion by the river
Probably because I know that Yang Shoujing's former residence does not open the door, I don't have any expectations, just think of photographing the appearance of the former residence. So along the way, he talked to the driver about his feelings for Yidu, this small city is clean and warm, and the driver proudly replied: "Of course, we should all be national health cities!" "Yidu is not big, soon came to the destination, but I did not have time to see Yang Shoujing's former residence, I was attracted by the river surface next to it, Bi Cheng ru lian, a bridge flying across the north and south, the clear water of the river, the blue, is the ultimate I have seen over the years, and under the reminder of the driver, I noticed that the two colors on the river surface are distinct, and it turned out that this is the confluence of the Qing River and the Yangtze River.
Water and sky are the same color
Yang Shoujing's former residence is on the steps of the river, it does not look like a new building, the two sides of the gate are embedded with several nameplates, one of which indicates that this is a national key cultural relics protection unit, and there is a big red notice indicating that the fire engineering construction is underway here, and emphasizes that "due to the particularity of the construction of cultural relics buildings, the construction time is longer", look at the payment time, it is December 1, 2017, nearly a year, has not been completed, and it is indeed a slow work.
Take a trip here
The location of the former residence is because it is Linjiang, and built on two steps, there is a similar viewing platform in front of the former residence, I can't help but start to imagine that when Yang Shoujing was tired of reading bibliography, he might also come out and stand here by the river, but unfortunately he could not enter the former residence to see where Yang Shoujing had collected books. Just now in the museum, I saw the couplet written by Mr. Qi Gong And Yang Shoujing, the content is "the tree is old and easy to autumn, the river is more sunset", the scenery in front of me is indeed the same, I don't know if this couplet is the old man of Linsu who wrote the book on the river here. Standing in front of the door of the former residence of the old man Next, after imagining some pictures, he realized that he still could not go inside to take a look, and he was slightly lost, so he had to take two more pictures of the stone lion at the railing.
Hejiang Building
After photographing the stone lion and walking down the steps, ask the driver to take me to the long-distance station. Of course, the driver saw my loss, stopped the car not far away, and said, "You like to take pictures, so take a picture of this place." I looked at it, it turned out to be a large shadow wall by the river with the word "Yidu" written on it, a little farther away is a pavilion, the driver said that this is called Hejiang Lou, people who come to Yidu for tourism will come here to take pictures, "you should be no exception."