The republic is prosperous even if it dies. If a republic is not successful, although it is born and humiliated, it is better to die and be proud than to be humiliated.
——Peng Jiazhen
This is a desperate letter written by Peng Jiazhen, a modern Chinese democratic revolutionary, before assassinating Liangbi, which embodies the determination of a revolutionary to die generously for the revolution.
Peng Jiazhen was born on April 9, 1888, and on January 26, 1912, he killed Ai Xinjueluo Liangbi, a minister of the late Qing Dynasty and leader of the Clan Socialist Party, and he himself was unfortunately hit on the head by shrapnel during the assassination of Liangbi, and died heroically, when he was only 24 years old.
Although Peng Jiazhen sacrificed heroically, he did not sacrifice in vain, because more than ten days after his sacrifice, the Qing Dynasty officially announced the abdication of the Xuantong Emperor under the blows of the Xinhai Revolution, not only the Qing Dynasty was destroyed, but also the feudal imperial system of more than two thousand years ended.
Later, Sun Yat-sen, the provisional president of the Republic of China, posthumously awarded Peng Jiazhen the title of "Army General".
So what kind of life experience does Peng Jiazhen have?
Let's take a look.
Peng Jiazhen, born on April 9, 1888, was a native of Jintang, Sichuan, which is now Chengxiang Town, Qingbaijiang District. His father, Peng Fuheng, was a talented man who had taught. Due to the weakening of the national strength and the corruption and incompetence of the Qing government in the last years of the Qing Dynasty, Peng Fuheng, who had the ambition to serve the country, advocated industry to save the country in order to seek a strong country.
Because Peng Fuheng was a talented and learned, under his influence, Peng Jiazhen was able to read the Four Books and Five Classics at a young age, coupled with his original wisdom from an early age, so that Peng Jiazhen had a very solid literary foundation at a very young age.
As he grew older, Peng Jiazhen saw that due to the corruption and weakness of the Qing government, the country was bullied by the great powers, and the people of the country were living in hardship, so that the decadent Qing Dynasty could no longer simply rely on reform to make the country rich and strong.
In 1903, at the age of 15, Peng Jiazhen was admitted to the Sichuan Wubei Academy. The Sichuan Wubei Academy is a new type of school for education carried out by the Qing government using Western education as an example. After Peng Jiazhen entered this school, she set her mind to revitalize the country with the military.
What is important is that in the Sichuan Wubei Academy, there are many teachers of progressive ideas who often propagate the ideas of democratic revolution and democracy, which has a great influence on Peng Jiazhen.
In 1906, Peng Jiazhen graduated from the Sichuan Wubei Academy and then went to Japan to investigate the military, where he came into contact with like-minded people and met Dr. Sun Yat-sen. Under their influence, Peng Jiazhen accepted the revolutionary ideas and joined the Chinese League.
In 1907, Peng Jiazhen joined the ranks of the New Army. The new army is a new type of army organized by the Qing Dynasty to strengthen the strength of the army, which is mainly based on learning foreign guns and western law, and completely uses the Western military system, training and equipment, so it is called the new army, which is a unit with considerable combat effectiveness in the Qing Army at that time.
After Peng Jiazhen joined the New Army, the troops were stationed at Phoenix Mountain, where he served as a platoon leader at the time. At this time, Peng Jiazhen had accepted the revolutionary ideas and vowed to be ready to sacrifice for the revolution at any time, so at this time he secretly engaged in anti-Qing revolutionary activities in the ranks of the New Army, and often propagated the ideas of democratic revolution.
In 1911, the Xinhai Revolution broke out, and on January 1, 1912, the Provisional Government of the Republic of China was established, with Sun Yat-sen as the Provisional President of the Republic of China, at this time the defeat of the Qing Dynasty was decided, but some diehards of the Qing Dynasty were not willing to fail, so they continued to organize forces to resist the revolutionary army.
On January 12, 1912, the Qing Dynasty diehards held a secret meeting, and on January 19, a declaration was issued under the name of the "Constitutional Monarchy Maintenance Association", that is, the "Sectarian Socialist Party". For example, Aisin Kyora Ryobi is an important figure in this.
Liangbi, who can be said to be the leader of the Zongshe Party, after the outbreak of the Wuchang Uprising, he was a strong advocate of suppressing the rebel army by force, and was also an important diehard in the Qing Dynasty.
It is no wonder that Liangbi was a diehard who advocated the suppression of the rebel army by force, because he was a member of the Qing Dynasty clan and also surnamed Ai Xin Jueluo, the eighth grandson of Nurhaci's younger brother.
Born in Chengdu in 1877, Liangbi was sent to Japan in 1899 to study, where he was able to enter the Japanese Army Non-Commissioned Officer School and returned to China in 1906.
After liangbi returned to China, he successively served as the supervisor of the Military Science Department of the Military Training Department, the eighth standard commander of the Army, the chief judge of the Northern Army, the director of the Department of Military Science of the War Department, the commander of the First Association of the Janissaries, and the Minister of Training of the Janissaries.
On October 10, 1911, the Wuchang Uprising broke out, which was the beginning of the Xinhai Revolution, so it was also known as Wuhan Shouyi and Xinhai Shouyi.
After the outbreak of the Wuchang Uprising, the Qing Dynasty Emperor Liangbi strongly advocated the suppression of the rebel army by force and opposed the use of Yuan Shikai. However, although Liangbi opposed the use of Yuan Shikai, Yuan Shikai had a high influence at that time, so in the end Yuan Shikai was entrusted with a heavy responsibility, served as the prime minister of the cabinet, and transferred Feng Guozhang to the janissary command, thus seizing the actual right to command the janissaries.
On January 1, 1912, the Provisional Government of the Republic of China was established. On January 12, Liangbi and other Qing Dynasty diehards formed the "Sectarian Socialist Party" and continued to organize forces to resist the rebel army, oppose the peace between the north and the south, and abdicate the emperor.
On January 19, the "Sectarian Socialist Party" formed by Liangbi and others announced the dismissal of Yuan Shikai, with Tie Liang as commander-in-chief, and organized an army to fight a decisive battle against the rebel army.
At that time, Liangbi was the leader of the Zongshe Party, and Yuan Shikai was in charge of heavy troops and controlled the Beiyang army at that time, and Liangbi and other Zongshe parties opposed the peace between the north and the south, and even more opposed the abdication of the emperor, so they wanted to regain military power from Yuan Shikai.
However, Yuan Shikai wanted to take advantage of the attack of the rebel army on the Qing Dynasty on the opportunity of the Xinhai Revolution, and he wanted to coerce and induce the Qing government and the revolutionary army to negotiate peace, so that he could reap the benefits and seize the fruits of the victory of the revolution.
In such a situation, a situation of confrontation between the North and the South was once formed.
In order to clear the obstacles on the road of the anti-Qing revolution, Peng Jiazhen believed that the thief should capture the king first, so he volunteered and decided to assassinate Liangbi at the risk of risking his life.
Through research, Peng Jiazhen felt that the best way to assassinate was to go directly to the door to assassinate. He knew that this trip was very dangerous, and there might be no return, but he still decided to do this great thing for the sake of the revolution. Therefore, before he went to assassinate Liangbi, Peng Jiazhen wrote a fatal letter on this, one of which is mentioned above: "The republic is successful, although it is glorious in death, the republic is not successful, although it is also humiliated, it is better to die honorably than to be humiliated." ”
This means that if the republic succeeds, I will be worth it even if I die. If the republic fails, I am still alive, but I might as well die, and rather than live and be humiliated, I should die what I deserve.
On January 26, 1912, Peng Jiazhen, just in case, specially carried two bombs, and then dressed in the clothes of the Qing army, waited in front of Liangbi's mansion in advance.
Peng Jiazhen waited for a long time, and did not see Liangbi return, and when he was preparing to leave, he just happened to encounter liangbi's carriage returning.
Liangbi returned to the door of his home, and had just stepped one foot from the carriage when he saw a young man dressed in Qing army clothes walking in front of him.
Liang Bi fixed his eyes and found that he did not know the person in front of him, and at the same time he also found that the young man did not speak, but blocked the way.
Liangbi felt that something was wrong and wanted to hurry back to the house, but at this time the young man suddenly pulled out a bomb and still threw it at Liangbi, and after a huge explosion, Liangbi's left leg was broken and he had fallen to the ground. The young man was unfortunately hit in the head by shrapnel and died heroically.
Who is this young man? He is Peng Jiazhen.
Although Liangbi, on the other hand, was blown off his left leg and fell to the ground, he did not die at that time, but died of his injuries two days later.
Due to the death of Liangbi, the situation between the north and the south has undergone a great change, that is, a few days after Peng Jiazhen's sacrifice, the Qing Dynasty Xuantong Emperor announced his abdication, so Peng Jiazhen did not sacrifice in vain.
For Peng Jiazhen's assassination of Liangbi, Sun Yat-sen later posthumously awarded him the title of "Army General". It can be seen how important the influence of his assassination of Liangbi was at that time.
Peng Jiazhen died heroically at the age of 24, in fact, before he died, he also had a fiancée, that is, Wang Qingzhen. However, it is worth mentioning that they did not hold a wedding before Peng Jiazhen's sacrifice.
However, after Peng Jiazhen's sacrifice, Wang Qingzhen resolved to cross the door to observe the festival for Peng Jiazhen, and held a person's wedding and married herself to the Peng family.
Wang Qingzhen's parents died early, and then her uncle Zhang Pengshan has been taking care of and raising her, when she grew up, Zhang Pengshan felt that Peng Jiazhen was a talent, so he mated Wang Qingzhen to Peng Jiazhen.
At that time, although Peng Jiazhen and Wang Qingzhen had decided on a family affair, they did not meet until later, when Peng Jiazhen was going to Japan, and Zhang Pengshan knew about it, so he invited him to his home as a sign of his intention to send him off. At that time, Wang Qingzhen silently looked at Peng Jiazhen in the back room through the curtain, and what they did not expect was that this was the last time they met.
Later, Peng Jiazhen accepted the revolutionary ideas in Japan and went to the revolutionary road, until he later assassinated Liangbi and died heroically, and he and Wang Qingzhen did not have time to become relatives.
After Peng Jiazhen's sacrifice, his fiancée Wang Qingzhen did not give up their relationship because of his sacrifice, and decided to marry into the Peng family to observe the festival for Peng Jiazhen. After that, she held a "one-person wedding" for herself and Peng Jiazhen.
At that time, Wang Qingzhen set the wedding scene at a residence on Lantern Street in Chengdu, which was the former residence of Peng Jiazhen's father, when the lights outside the door were colorful, and Wang Qingzhen entered the gate of the Peng family in a flower palanquin.
In front of the palanquin, a man held a long rope with the inscription "The Wife of the Righteous Martyr General Peng Gongjun Passed the Gate and Observed the Festival."
At that time, Wang Qingzhen's move also alarmed the Governor of the Sichuan Military Government and the Deputy Governor, and they were all escorted at the scene.
At that time, Wang Qingzhen was only 23 years old, and she vowed to "be willing to observe the festival for Peng Jiazhen", and later she adopted a child as a sign of continuing the incense for the martyr Peng Jiazhen.
With the passage of time, Wang Qingzhen also grew old year by year, and by December 1963, Wang Qingzhen was 76 years old, and it was in this year that she died of illness.
Wang Qingzhen was poor all his life, and he kept the festival for Peng Jiazhen all his life, raising his children alone without complaint or regret. Before she died, she made a wish that she hoped to be buried with her husband Peng Jiazhen, which was her last wish. Fortunately, later, Wang Qingzhen's wish was finally realized.