Cabbage and radish are two extremely common vegetables, which are mostly grown in ordinary farmhouses. Although there is now the happiness of the southern cuisine and the northern transportation, the flow of goods is smooth. However, cabbage and radish can still be said to be ordinary farmers in the northern region who will definitely choose to plant them in summer and autumn as important vegetable varieties for the two seasons of winter and spring. Vegetable farmers grow vegetables, so they have to face pests in the process of planting vegetables and do a fight with them in prevention and treatment.
Pests are annoying, vegetable farmers are annoying. Any vegetable farmer who has personally planted cabbage and radish should know that the seedlings of cabbage and radish seedlings that have recently been sown are easily and unknowingly damaged by the corresponding pests, including ants, and lost, resulting in dead trees and missing seedlings. I believe that every vegetable farmer will also have a heart-wrenching experience in the practice of growing cabbage and radishes. If you don't know, there will be vegetable farmers who have even experienced the painful process of being hurt again and again, replanting and replanting seedlings again and again, and then being hurt again and again.
Bugs need to be prevented, and bugs must also be prevented. Only by preventing insects can we ensure that the cabbage and radish that have been sown hard can catch the whole seedlings with the seedlings, so that the cabbage and radish seedlings will grow stronger and grow better. Lay a solid foundation for subsequent hair growth to win high quality and high yield. If you want to prevent insects that harm cabbage and radish seedlings, including ants, you should understand the bugs, clarify what the key bugs that hurt the underground roots of cabbage and radish seedlings are, and know their habits. In this way, we can also implement targeted policies, be targeted, receive the effect of doubling the results with half the effort, and make it easy to ensure that the whole seedling is easy and no longer a luxury.
It should be said that in the seedling stage, which has just been sown, the main pests that are accustomed to harming the underground rhizomes of cabbage and radish seedlings include, in addition to the ants of the hymenoptera family, but also the small ground tigers of the Lepidoptera nocturnidae, the slugs of the orthoptera family, and the grubs of the Coleoptera family. Next, let's talk about how to prevent them separately.
1. Ants
There are many types of ants, some with a very wide range and some with only regional distribution. Many ants are more plant-based, some are vegetarians at all, and the partial plant-eating and vegetarian ants have a tendency to sweet food. Generally speaking, the Luoshi road ant distributed in most parts of the north and south of the country, the harvest ants distributed in some provinces and regions in the north and south, and the eastern marching ants distributed in south China, southwest, Fujian, Jiangxi, Hunan and other places may cause harm to the rhizomes of vegetable seedlings. Nesting in roadsides, corners and cracks in the walls of neighboring villages, the Lochrothor ant not only endangers vegetable seedlings, but also habitually invades the homes of rural residents to steal food. Harvest ants prefer to live in grasslands and dry areas near inhabited villages, and in addition to feeding on the rhizome epidermis of harmful crop seedlings, they also have the habit of collecting plant seeds to supplement the lack of food in winter. The vegetable seeds that the vegetable farmers have just sown may also be taken away by them. The Eastern Marching Ants are all heterogeneous, but the cruciferous family, including cabbage and radish, as well as legumes and nightshade vegetables, are its main host plants. Ants can nest in the root soil of vegetable seedlings, when the outside temperature is suitable, their worker ants will come out of the nest to eat, early spring in March to April to endanger beans, cucumbers and other vegetable seedlings, May to July to harm solanaceous, legumes, melons and other seedlings, August to November will focus on harming cabbage and radish.
To prevent and kill ants that harm vegetable seedlings, the first is to dig some shallow pits about 30 cm deep and about 40 cm long and wide in the vegetable field, put animal bones into the pits, lure the ants and spray them to kill. The second is to use 300 grams of brown sugar to mix 90% dimethoate soluble powder or 80% dichlorvos emulsion or 50% octylthiophos emulsion emulsion 100 grams of homemade poison bait, you can also use fried fragrant wheat bran, bean cake, etc. 5 kg, add the same agent to mix well and smoulder for 30 minutes to make poison bait, and put the poison bait according to the triangular point with a spacing of 2.5 meters. Third, when it is found that there are small ant mounds in the vegetable seedlings, 0.045% of the indobacterium insecticide ant bait or 0.02% polycycidemide ant bait is applied to the vegetable field every 100 square meters. Fourth, it can water the ant nest with 2.5% cypermethrin emulsion or 5% cypermethrin emulsion 3500 times liquid for vegetable seedlings with newborn anthills. Fifth, spray 0.1% pyrethroid kerosene solvent, or 90% of the crystalline dimethoate 50-100 times liquid, or 80% of dichlorvos emulsion 2000-3000 times liquid to the ant nest and the ant out of the hole to feed on the ant road.
2. Small land tiger
Small land tigers are commonly known as soil silkworms, black silkworms, root-cutting insects, etc., which occur in 1-7 generations per year and belong to migratory pests. In March to April, the overwintering insects feather and lay eggs after migration, the first generation of larvae blooms between mid-April and early May, the larvae focus on endangering newly excavated or transplanted vegetable seedlings in May and June, and the new vegetable seedlings and vegetable fields in July and August. Adult tigers in the small land mainly migrate from the south to the north in the spring, and after the autumn begins, the adult insects that feather in the north begin to migrate to the south one after another, endangering the autumn vegetables and winter vegetables in the south. The larvae are 6 years old, and the 4-6 year old insects lurk under the surface during the day and are nocturnal, biting off the rhizomes of the seedlings. 5-6 instar insects have a large amount of food and can be transformed into harmful plants. Adults emerge day and night, eat nectar, lighten, chemotaxis, and prefer sweet and sour sweet juices. Small-ground tigers are more suitable for occurrence and harm in the spring and autumn when the temperature is below 25 °C.
To prevent and kill small land tigers, the first is to use 5% octyl thiophos granules 2.5-5 kg per mu before sowing vegetable seedlings, or 5% butyl lk Budweiser granules 3-5 kg per mu, and then sow seeds after spreading mixed soil. The second is to set up a small land tiger pheromone dry type or water basin trap for biological control. Inside the trap is a special core containing 70 mcg of small tiger sex pheromones. The trap is fixed in the vegetable field with a bamboo pole, with a height of 1 meter, and the moths trapped once a day are cleaned up once in 1-2 days, and the core is replaced once a month. The third is to use black light, sweet and sour liquid, and paulownia leaves after soaking medicine to physically trap adults and larvae. Black light is lit 1 per hectare and is turned on only at night. Sweet and sour juice is prepared with sugar, vinegar, wine and water in the ratio of 3:4:1:10, and then add an appropriate amount of 80% dimethoate soluble powder to make, the booby trap of adult sweet and sour liquid poured into the water basin and placed in the vegetable field, placed at a height of 1 meter. At night, 50-70 pieces of fresh paulownia leaves soaked in 90% diophthalmic soluble powder 100 times liquid are placed in the vegetable field to trap adults and larvae, and replaced once in 3-4 days. Fourth, it can spray 150 grams / liter of indoxate suspension 3000 times liquid, or 10% insect mite nitrile suspension 1000 - 1500 times liquid, or 2.5% cypermethrin emulsion 2500 times liquid.
3. Caddisflies
In the folk, the scorpion is known as the ground dog, the cockroach or the ground slug, etc., and the main hazards are the oriental caddisflies distributed throughout the country and the North China caddisflies distributed in the area north of the Yellow River Basin. Adults and nymphs of the slugs burrow in the soil, biting the vegetable seeds and the rhizomes of seedlings sown by vegetable farmers, which can bite the seeds into no buds, bite off the rhizomes of the seedlings, and the mouth of the broken seedling rhizomes is filamentous. The cadavers will also drill the arch seedlings, so that the seedlings that are drilled and arched are separated from the soil and dry up and die. The slugs lie out day and night, the Oriental caddisflies 1-2 years and 1 generation, and the North China caddisflies about 3 years and 1 generation. In the high temperature, humidity, sweltering evening, a large number of slugs are unearthed, and the activity is most abundant at 9-11 o'clock at night. Soil surface temperature of 15-25 °C and water content of 20-27% favor the adult and nymph activities of caddisflies. It tends to sweeten substances and manure, and low-lying, moist, loose vegetable fields and sandy loam soils are prone to growing caddisflies.
To prevent and kill caddisflies, the soil can be treated with the same amount of medicine as the tigers in the small land. Second, small shallow pits about 20 cm deep and about 30 cm long and wide can be dug in the vegetable field, and wet livestock manure or wet and soft feed for poultry can be stacked in the shallow pits for luring caddisflies at night and hunting during the day. Third, it is conditional to use black light lamps or frequency vibration insecticidal lamps to kill insects. Fourth, after frying about 5 kilograms of millet, wheat bran or soybean cakes until 3 ripe for flavor, then 50% octylthion emulsion 100 ml or 90% of the soluble powder of diphthiasis 100 grams plus 5 liters of water diluted, mix well with fried millet or cake meal, etc., and use it as poison bait to spread in the vegetable field that has just emerged.
4. Grubs
Ground silkworms, white soil silkworms, leeches, white silkworms, etc. are common names for grubs by ordinary vegetable farmers, in fact, grubs are the larvae of scarab beetles. Grubs have different algebras in different places, and the key grubs that harm crops such as vegetable seedlings include the larvae of the Great Black Gill Turtle and the Golden Turtle of the Northern China Great Black. Adult scarabs are phototropic and suspended dead, peaking at 8-9 p.m., and mostly lay eggs in the soft soil or manure around the rhizomes of the affected crops. Eggs in the topsoil temperature of 14-22 °C, soil moisture content of 15 -20% is conducive to hatching, but also conducive to hatched grub activity, hatching grub activity feed in shallow soil above 10 cm. Wintering grubs generally begin to rise to the upper layer of the soil in March and April, and climb to the surface of the soil in the summer dusk and early morning to bite the rhizomes of the seedlings, and the rhizomes of the dead seedlings will be damaged after biting off the rhizomes of the dead seedlings. Different species of grubs will form a certain long peak of harm between May and September, and the 3-year-old grubs enter the gluttonous period and can bite off multiple harmful seedlings in one night. New vegetable fields, plots where the stubble grows beans, corn, peanuts and potatoes, are prone to grubs.
To prevent and kill grubs, the first is to plough the ground early before sowing in the vegetable field, and air dry it or dry it to death or freeze it to death. The second is to use the suspended death of adult insects to trap and kill in the evening to reduce their spawning. The third is to treat the soil with medicine before sowing, just like the prevention and control of tigers in small land. Fourth, when sowing a large area of vegetable field, 50% octyl thion emulsion, water and seeds can be used to mix vegetable seeds according to the ratio of 1:50:600. When mixing seeds, dilute the solution with water and then spray onto the seeds. Stir as you spray. After mixing well, plant for 3-4 hours, turn 1-2 times in the middle, and plant in time after the seeds are sucked dry. Fifth, for vegetable fields where seedlings have been unearthed and have grub hazards, use 50% octyl thion emulsion or 80% dimethoate soluble powder and other medicinal solutions to irrigate the roots of vegetable seedlings.