"The tree of the heavens will have its roots, and the water of the mountains will have its source." Zhang Shu, a Qing dynasty man, wrote in the preface to "Searching for the Origin of Family Names": "The ancestral roots of grass and trees, the ancestral roots of mountains and trees, and the ancestral sources of Jianghai are ignorant." A thousand branches, ten thousand surnames of the same origin, the tree is thousands of feet tall, and the fallen leaves return to the roots. The so-called "search for roots" is the cultural source that people use their surnames as a link. Ignorance is confusion, confusion, and darkness. Where did I come from, if I didn't know my own bloodline inheritance, couldn't figure out the source of my ancestral roots, and was confused, wouldn't it be sad to spend this life! Heaven and earth creatures are precious. Yuguihur? With its heavenly rank of Yi Lun, there is a woody idea of the water source of the Water, and the awe-inspiring unity of the clan is not obscured. The ultimate shortcut to finding one's roots is to trace one's own surname lineage. The surname is a symbol of man, and it is also a cultural phenomenon that transcends time and space. The surname symbols of every Chinese living in the 21st century can be associated with the surname symbols of famous people in history, and can even be traced back to the primitive worship of the early people of Taikoo. Qu Yuan fusao, the first sentence is "Emperor Gaoyang's Miao Descendants Xi". Today's modern people with the surname Qu are exactly the same as the surname symbols of this great poet of the Chu Kingdom who walked on the Yinze Bank more than 2,000 years ago. From the current "Qu" surname to Qu Yuan, and then from Qu Yuan to "Emperor Gaoyang", this is a long, mysterious and touching root-seeking tunnel! Chinese culture emphasizes reality and this life, so it will return to the dragon and find its roots. This is why the history, chronicles, and genealogies of Chinese cultural classics are particularly developed. The term totem first appeared in the book "The Seafaring Expedition of an Indian Translator and Merchant" by the British merchant anthropologist Longe, published in London in 1791. Totems exist widely all over the world, including Egypt, Greece, the Arab region, Israel, Japan and China, etc.; the objects of totem worship are also extremely extensive, consisting of animals and plants, non-living and natural phenomena, of which animals and plants are the mainstay, and animals account for the vast majority.
Each family, each with its own ancestors, and its ancestors in turn use their names as important identifying symbols; Therefore, the ancestral roots of people involve the question of the origin of surnames. Ancient Chinese surname legends originated in the ancient Five Emperors period. From the Pangu clan to open the heavens and the earth, the three emperors and the five dragon clans, to the Fuxi clan to determine the surname and surname, and then through the Yanhuang and Yao Shun eras, the Xia Shang Zhou, the Spring and Autumn Warring States, to the Qin and the Six Kingdoms, the first centralized power in China was established, and the surname and surname were also mixed into one. The early surname comes from the totem of the clan, the clan often takes the celestial constellation, animals and plants as the content of its totem, and in the interaction with other clans around it, it shows the emblem of the clan totem to indicate its identity, distinguishing between different clans and directions, and this clan emblem is the earliest prototype of the surname. In terms of time, the surname was produced far earlier than the text, and after the text, the surname with the literal sense was produced according to the graphic of the totem emblem. Clan, is the title of the ancient aristocratic symbol clan system, from the middle of the Xia Dynasty, the clan became a branch of the surname, is a special product of the private ownership society, indicating merit and status. In the pre-Qin Dynasty, women were called surnames, and men were called surnames (Zheng Qiao 'Tongzhi Clan Sketches'). Gu Yanwu summed up that "the surname is changed over and over again, and the surname remains unchanged for thousands of years" ("Victory") Has always been thought that Chinese have a surname first, and then a surname. In fact, surnames and surnames have been used interchangeably, and the relationship between surnames and surnames is also changing.
Yandi is the name of the legendary leader of the Shennong tribe in ancient China, starting from Shennong to his descendants, and is also the co-lord of the world promoted by various tribal alliances, because of the fire king, so he is called Yandi. Shennong (3245 BC – 3080 BC), also known as Emperor Yan, was born in Alexandria (in present-day Suizhou, Hubei) between 5500 and 6000 years ago, and was the legendary sun god of ancient China. Jiang surname, number Shennong, ancient Chinese figure, there are written records of the emergence of the era after the Warring States. He is revered by the world as "Yaozu", "Wugu Xiandi", "Shennong Emperor", "Emperor of the Earth" and so on. One of the Three Emperors of Ancient China, the legendary inventor of agriculture and medicine, he tasted hundreds of herbs all over the place, there is a legend of "Shennong tastes hundreds of herbs", teaching people medical treatment and farming, the god in charge of medicine and agriculture, can bless the agricultural harvest, the health of the people, but also by the medical hall, medicine shop as a guardian god.
The Yandi Kui clan originated in Changyang Mountain in the Qinling Mountains and arose in Chishui (present-day Chishui City, Guizhou). In 5008 BC, the Yandi clan launched an attack on the Great Fuxi clan, and many tribes surrendered. The seventy-eighth emperor of the Fuxi Nuwa regime died of illness. The Yandi Kui Kui clan replaced the Fuxi Nuwa clan and established the imperial capital at ChenCang (present-day Baoji, Shaanxi), forming the "Yandi Kui Kui Clan" regime (5008-4766 BC). Biography 6 Emperor, 243). Yandi Kui Kui (5008-4951 BC. Male, surname Jiang, also known as Pillar, number Kui Kui clan. He was the first emperor of the Kui Kui clan of the Yan Emperor) → Yan Emperor Yanju (4951 BC - 4918 BC). Male, surname Jiang) → Yandi Festival and (4918-4876 BC. Female, surname Jiang) → Yandi Opera Instrument (4876-4827 BC. Male, surname Jiang) → Yandi Zhu Rong (4827 BC - 4781 BC. Male, surname Jiang) → Yandi Gonggong (4781 BC - 4766 BC. Male, surname Jiang).
1. What is the origin of the title "Yandi Shennong"? The name Ofe Yandi Shennong. Before the pre-Qin Dynasty, Emperor Yan and Shennong were spoken of separately, and there was no mention of "Yandi Shennong". It was not until the end of the Western Han Dynasty that Liu Xin said in the "Century": "With fire to carry wood, it is the Yan Emperor; the people are taught to cultivate, so the world is known as the Shennong clan." For the first time, YanDi and Shennong were regarded as one person. The reason for this is from the "Chinese": the Lieshan clan "can plant five grains and hundreds of vegetables", and in ancient times, the mountains were burned for farming, so the Lieshan clan was associated with the Shennong clan. "Lieshan Clan, Lord Huode, Yan Ye." As a result, the Lieshan Clan and the Yan Emperor were also linked. Some people also combine the Shennong clan, the Yandi clan, and the Lieshan clan on the grounds that one person has three basic characteristics, so there are three titles. First of all, he was called Shennongshi because he invented agricultural production; second, he was good at using fire, and was revered as the god of fire, so he was called Yandi; third, he set fire to the mountains to facilitate agricultural production, so he was also called Lieshanshi. Therefore, the mysterious YanDi and the mysterious Shennong clan and the Lieshan clan also became one. What exactly the Yandi Shennong Clan looked like had always been ambiguous. In the ancient books of the Qin and Han Dynasties, it is said that "the head of the ox is human" and there is a saying of "the human body of the head of the dragon", and the Elder of the Shennong Yan Emperor depicted in the Ming Dynasty "Three Talents Tuhui" and the "Yanling Zhi" of the Qing Dynasty is a benevolent eyebrow, wearing a robe, with leaves on his shoulders and waist, and an elder with a hundred grasses in his mouth or holding a grass spike. Since the first ancestor of the Yandi Shennong clan, there should be 17 Yandi Shennong clans, or 8 generations of Yandi Shennong clans. In the Northern Song Dynasty Li Fei's "Taiping Imperial Records", the 8 generations are used, and the names of the 8 generations are listed, which are "Emperor Shennong, Emperor Cheng, Emperor Lin, Emperor Ming, Emperor Zhi, Emperor Lai, Emperor Lai, Emperor YuYi". After that, "Xuanyuan Shixing". It is said that the Yan Emperor's surname is Jiang, and he was born to the Shaodian and Worm Qiao clans. Legend has it that there is a worm Qiao Clan touring Huashan, the first feeling of the dragon and the birth of the Yan Emperor. According to the "History of the Road", when Emperor Yan was born, he was "eight feet long and seven inches long, with a long body and a cow wish, a dragon face and lips, a huai chengquan, and a dai yuli." Born three days and able to speak, five days and able to act, seven dynasties and teeth, three years old and know the things of crops and drama..." This is of course an exaggeration.
2. Why is Shennong called "the ancestor of traditional Chinese medicine"? "Shennong tasted a hundred herbs and encountered seventy poisons in one day", which can be described as well-known. After Nuwa made up the heavens, I don't know how long it took, in a stone cave in Lieshan (there is also a Shennong clan born in Jiang Shuizhi, Shennong was just born, the nine-eye well naturally emerged around the cave, the water in these nine-eye well is connected to each other, if you take one of the water, the other eight eyes will fluctuate. This child is born heterogeneous, his body is transparent, his internal organs are clearly visible, and he has two horns on his head, the minotaur. The people who saw it said that this was the heavenly gods, and the Nine-Eye Well was brought by him. So when he grew up, everyone elected him as the leader of the tribe, because they lived in the hot south, so they called themselves the Yan people and called him yandi. Once Yandi saw a red bird holding a string of seeds- like things, Yandi saw the bird spit it out, Yandi picked it up, the birds flew around him three times, and then chirped and flew away. Emperor Yan thought that this was the food seed sent by the Red Bird sent by the Heavenly Emperor, so he buried the seed in the soil. They also made wood and taught people to loosen the soil and dig wells to irrigate the seedlings. In the autumn of this year, a large field of grass seedlings matured. How happy people are! Everyone was grateful for the merits of Emperor Yan and called Emperor Yan a Shennong. In this way, the surrounding tribes also called the Yandi tribe the Shennong tribe, and called him the Shennong clan, that is, the leader of the agricultural tribe.
3. Shennong and the Shennong Materia Medica. The Shennong Materia Medica, also known as the Materia Medica or the Benjing, was written by the name "Shennong" and was written in the Han Dynasty, and is one of the four classic works of Chinese medicine and the earliest surviving work of Chinese medicine. The Shennong Materia Medica is divided into three volumes, containing 365 kinds of medicines, and is divided into three products, middle and bottom by the classification of three products, and the text is concise and simple, which has become the essence of the theory of traditional Chinese medicine. The Shennong Materia Medica records the efficacy of 365 kinds of drugs, most of which are true and reliable, and are still commonly used in clinical medicines; It puts forward the idea of dialectical drug use, the drug can reach more than 170 kinds of diseases, and there are specific regulations on the dosage and time of medication, which also plays a foundation for traditional Chinese medicine. Legend originated from the Shennong clan, generations of oral transmission, in the Eastern Han Dynasty assembled and sorted into a book, the book is not a moment, the author is not a person, the Qin and Han Dynasties many medical scientists collected, summarized, sorted out the results of the pharmaceutical experience at that time monograph, is the first systematic summary of Chinese medicine. Most of the chinese medicine theories and compatibility rules stipulated therein, as well as the principle of "seven emotions and harmony" proposed, have played a huge role in thousands of years of drug practice and are the source of the development of pharmacological theory of traditional Chinese medicine.
Yang Yicheng, Ivanka teacher surname totem paper cut "Jiang surname"
In his book "Chinese Surname Science", Yang Yicheng pointed out that according to the records of various surname books in later generations, the surnames from Emperor Yan and his descendants are as follows:
"Jiang": The surname Jiang originated from Qishui, the ancestor of the Shennong clan. The "Sayings" records: "Shennong lived in Jiang Shui, because he thought it was a clan. The "Yuan He Surname Compilation" records: "Emperor Yan was born in Jiang Shui, because of the clan Yan, born taigong, feng qi, destroyed by Tian He, and his descendants were scattered, and later became the Jiang clan." Han chu moved to Guanzhong with the Hao clan and lived in Tianshui." The Guangyun records: "Shennong lived in Jiang Shui and thought it was a surname, followed by Qi, Fu, Shen, Lü, Ji, Xu, Xiang, and Rui. From this point of view, the surname Jiang is named after the water name. It is the Yandi Shennong clan that was surnamed Jiang because he was born in JiangShui. Jiang Shui, according to the Interpretation of the "Water Classic• Wei Shui Note", is "Qishui passes through Jiang's City in the east and Jiang Shui in the south", that is, a part of Qi Shui is called Jiang Shui.
"Nong": From the surname of Jiang. "Customs and Customs" Yun: After the Yandi Shennong clan, the ancestral name was taken as the peasant surname.
"Fang": "Customs and Customs" Yun: After Fang Lei, the son of Emperor Yu of Yan, he took the ancestral name of Fang surname, which is the beginning of the Fang surname. The other Fang surname comes from after Emperor Zhao.
"Lei": "Dialectics of Ancient and Modern Surname Books" Yun: Lei Shi Comes from the ancient princes Fang Lei's clan, taking the country as the clan, and the later single surname Lei. According to the "Surname Kaolio" (hereinafter the same), at the end of the Eastern Han Dynasty and during the Southern and Northern Dynasties of the Wei and Jin Dynasties, there were "Huangshan Man" and "Nan'an Qiang", and Lishan Man changed his surname to Lei.
"Xie": Contained in the Genealogy of Ten Thousand Surnames. Zhou Cheng's younger brother Yu's son Liang. It was mined in Xieyi (解邑, in present-day Xie County, Shanxi), and was later known as Xie (解氏). "Surname Rush Article, Note", Yue: Solution. Place names in Hedong. In the place for the surname. Therefore, the Jin Dynasty Duo Xie clan. again. "Xie" for the Spring and Autumn Period zhou wang qi inland. There are two places: the great solution is in the south of present-day Luoyang City, Henan Province, and the small solution is in the west of present-day Luoyang City. Spring and autumn dwell in the big solution, small solution. To solve the clan.
"Bo": "On the Hidden Husband", it is said: "After the surname of Jiang. The Genealogy of Ten Thousand Surnames says: "After the Shang princes Bo Gushi." The "Zuo Chuan Du Preliminary Note" said: "Dr. Song ate in thin food, and later thought it was a clan." The Book of Wei and the Chronicle of the Guanshi records: "The Bo Xi clan was changed to the Bo clan. ”
"Mountain": "Shimoto": "Mountain, after the Lieshan clan." Lieshan clan (烈山氏), a list of mountains, followed by mountains.
"Tai": "Tai, after Emperor Yan, surnamed Jiang, fengtai (present-day Wugong County, Shaanxi), took the state as the surname of Tai." It is the beginning of the Tai surname. There is also a Tai surname, which comes from the emperor's posthumous name.
"Feng": "The Surname Yuan" records: "In the summer, feng father was listed as a prince, and the land was used as a clan. ”
"Lü": The surname Lü originated in Nanyang, the ancestor of Dayue. The "Sayings" records: "Xi Dayue was a vassal of Yu Xin Lü, so he was given the title of Marquis of Lü. "Tongzhi Clan Sketch" records: Lü Shi, Jiang surname, Marquis, Yan Emperor also. On the occasion of Yu Xia, he was enfeoffed to the princes. There are Jin and Lü, out of Wei. Later Wei had bhikkhus change to Lü Shi. "This Lü Hou Dayue, according to the "Yuan He Surname Compilation", was the surname of Lü after the surname of Emperor Yan Jiang.
"Fu": "Genealogy of Ten Thousand Surnames" Yun: "The son of Duke Dai of Song was known as the Emperor's father, and when Qin changed to Emperor Fu, he took Fu as his clan."
"Shen": "Yuan He surname 纂" said: "Jiang surname, Yan Emperor Siyue after the seal of Shen, the number of Shen Bo, Zhou Xuan's mother's uncle also." Jin has Shenshu, Lu has Shenfeng, Zheng has Shenhou, Chu has Shen Shushi, Shen Gong wuchen, Shen Baoxu, Shen Hai, and Chao has Shen without harm. Wei County, Danyang. The "Records of the Three Emperors" points out: "After the Shennong clan, there was Shen Lü who was sealed by Shen, and his descendants took the state as their clan. ”
"Xie": "Yuan He surname 纂" records: "Jiang surname, after Emperor Yan." Shen Bo was given the title of Xie as the uncle of King Xuan of Zhou, and the present-day City of Xie in Runan, was also lost, and later lost his knighthood and took the kingdom as his clan. The Old Tang Shu Wenyuan Biography records: "Xie Yan's ancestor Xiaozheng, his original surname was Zhile, and his surname was changed to Xie. ”
"Lu": "Zheng Tongzhi Clan Sketch" is contained. Its sources are different: Zheng Qiao notes the "road" cloud: "'Road', the old work 'Lu'." "Chinese": 'Lu, Luo, Quan, Yu, Man, Chi Di other species. 'Kui surname, Viscount, its place is in present-day Danglu County. In the fifteenth year of Xuan, Jin was destroyed. Descendants take the kingdom as their clan. According to the "History of the Road", "'Lu', with 'Road', after Samlu." "Samlu is the Yan Emperor, surnamed Jiang, so it should be the surname of Jiang." Look out for the inner yellow.
"Di": In the "History of Yin Benji", it is recorded: "Yin Qi's mother is Known as Di. "Di, also known as Lou, is the mother of the legendary ancestor of the Shang Dynasty, Qi (the fire god Fu Bo), a female cultivator, Jian Di, nun, jian, and Jian Kui, and is the daughter of the Lou clan (Yongji, Shanxi), a descendant of the Shang Dynasty.
"Bamboo": The surname Of Bamboo is of the same origin as the surname zhu, and the name of the country is the name of the country. According to the "Mingxian Clan Words and Deeds Draft", "GuZhu Jun, surnamed Jiang, Yin Tang fengzhi Liaoxi, Lingzhi to Boyi, Shuqi, descendants to bamboo as the clan, Dongguan." ”
"Ink": The "Theory of the Hidden Husband" records that Jiang Moru's descendants took Mo as their surname and called Mo. The Tongzhi Clan Sketch records that "the Ben Motai clan was later changed to the Mo clan." The "Tongzhi Clan Sketch" reads: "Ben Motai clan, later changed to Mo clan." ”
"Lai": The "Surname Kouluo" quotes the "Shiben" Yun: "Shang descent, Fenglai." Zheng Qiao classified it as "the country of Zhou cannot be surnamed", Zhuyun: "Viscount, its vulgar Yi, so it is also called 'Laiyi'." The "Surname Kaoliu" notes the "Lu Shi" Yun: "The Shang Kingdom LaiHou and the Taigong fought for the camp hill, and the Later Lai Zi floated soft Ben Tang, there were Lai clan and Guo clan. ”
"Páng": "Hundred Family Names Kaoluo": "逄, tied out of the surname of Jiang." Emperor Yan (descendant) Sun Kui Boling (逄伯陵), first sealed in Qidi, was the state of Qi, and the King of Wu destroyed it, in order to seal the Prince of Tai (Jiang Shang). After the Emperor, he took the name of the country as a clan. ”
"Jiao": "Tongzhi • Clan Sketch" records: "After King Wu of Zhou sealed Shennong, Yu Jiao, in present-day Northeast Shaanxi, Baibu Jiaocheng was also. Ancient legend: Yu, Jiao, and Shui, all surnamed Ji, were destroyed by the Jin, and the descendants took the country as their clan. The Huayang Guozhi records: "The four surnames of Nanzhongyi have the Jiao clan, and the other is a faction. The "Hundred Family Names Examination" says: "It is from the Shennong clan." After King Wu of Zhou conferred the title of Shennong clan in Jiao, Baibu Jiaocheng in present-day northeastern Shaanxi Prefecture was also the same, and his descendants took the state as their clan. Han has Jiaoxian. ”
"Li": "Customs and Customs" records: "After the Duke of Qi Li, Han had Wei County Taishou and Yiyang Marquis Li Wen. The Dialectic of Ancient and Modern Surname Books records: "Li Guo is in Li Township in the north of Yiyang County, taking the country as its clan. ”
"Lai": The "Surname Kaoli" records: "In the Spring and Autumn Period, there was laiguo, and then took the country as its clan, and looked out of Yingchuan, Nankang, and Henan. According to the "Customs and Customs": "In the early years of the Western Zhou Dynasty, the princes were divided, and there was a state surnamed Jiang. According to the Tongzhi Clan Luo , The Kingdom as a Clan " , " Lai , the Viscount State , present-day Cai Prefecture , the Lai Pavilion , i.e. its land also .
"Zhou": Zheng Qiao quoted the "Customs and Customs" Yun: "Jin has a state nickname and a state guest, and its first food is collected in the state, because it is a clan." The "Surname Kaoli" notes the clouds: "Chun Yu is called the Duke of the State, and thereafter it is also a clan." ”“
"Xiang": The "Historical Record" records: "The Yandi Shennong clan, followed by the Xiang clan, after the Jiang surname, is for the princes, or divided into four yue." The Tongzhi Clan Sketch records: "The Xiang clan, the vassal state of the Qi surname, is the ancient Xiangcheng of present-day Yizhou, and the descendants take the country as their clan." "Shiben": "Xiang Clan, the name of the country, the surname of Ben Jiang, and then the name of the country."
"Ji": Named after the country. Origin Shandong, ancestor Ji Hou. The Yuan He Surname Compilation records: "From the surname of Jiang, after Emperor Yan, he was given the title of Marquis of Ji and destroyed by Qi, because he took the state as his clan. The Tongzhi Clan Sketch records: "The Ji clan, after Emperor Yan, the marquis, the surname of Jiang, and the Duke of Zhuang were destroyed in the fourth year. ”
Gong: According to the "Yuan He Surname Compilation", the Gonggong clan (a descendant of the Yan Emperor), a minister of the Yellow Emperor, was a water official during the Yellow Emperor's reign, and was worshipped as a god of society because of his merits in controlling water. According to the Tongzhi Clan Sketch, Gongguo (present-day Gongcheng, Henan Province, in present-day jingchuan County, Gansu Province) was also gong, a princely state of the Shang Dynasty.
"Hong": "Shiben": "Hong, after the Gonggong clan, the original surname is Gongshi, and later changed to Hongshi." There is also a Hong surname, which comes from after Emperor Zhao.
"Shang": "Yuan he surname 纂" records: "Shang, Jiang surname, Qi Taigong also, Taigong Taishi Shang father, Inshi Yan, Jingzhao, Qinghe, Shangdang." The Genealogy of Ten Thousand Surnames records: "After Master Zhou's father." The Tongzhi Clan Sketch records: "Shang, Surname of Jiang, after The Prince of Qi, taigong of Taishi Shangfu, of the In clan." ”
"Tooth": "Customs" Yun: "After the Zhou Mu King Junya." Take the character of the king father as the clan. The "Surname Kaoli" notes the "Lu Shi" Yun: "After the Taigong, there is a tooth clan." "Taigong, when referring to The Beginning of Qi, Jiang Ziya." This should be based on the ancestral character as the surname, and the surname of Jiang is tied. In the Tang Dynasty, there was Ya Weichang; in the Ming Dynasty, there was a yajian banner, and Jin Wuwei Qianhu.
"Qi": "Yuan He surname Compilation" records: "After the Surname of Emperor Yan and Jiang, Taigong Wangjiang Ziya was enfeoffed at Yingqiu as the State of Qi, and the clan Yan. The Tongzhi Clan Sketch says: "Taigong wangfeng is sealed in Qi, and his descendants take the country as their clan." ”
"Zhang": "Dialectics of Ancient and Modern Surnames" records: "Lineage out of the Jiang clan, Qi Taigong branch Sun Fengguo Yu, later destroyed by Qi, descendants went to Yi to become Zhang clan." The Tongzhi Clan Sketch records: "The Zhang clan is also after the State of Yan."
"Well": "Shangyou Lu" records: "Yu Dafu Jingbo, after Jiang Ziya, took the character as the clan and looked out of Nanyang." The Tongzhi Clan Sketch records: "Zhou Dafu Jingli, Han has Situ Jingzong." According to the "Surname Source", in the eleventh century BC, Jiang Ziya was enfeoffed in the State of Qi, and his descendants were those who ran to the State of Yu, officials to doctors, and food was collected in Jingyi, called Jingbo. His descendants took Yi as their clan and had the "Jing" clan.
"Luo": "Yuan He surname 纂" records: "Jiang surname, after the Qi Taigong there is a prince Luo, with the wang father character as the surname, look out of the inner yellow, hui ji." The Chronicle of History says: "The grandson of the evil grass is known as the Great Luo, and the descendants are named after the clan." ”
"Pu (pu)": The "Surname KaoLuo" records: "After the Taigong, there was a Pu clan, see Lu Ruo's carved stone record." ”
"Rong (rong)": According to the "Theory of the Latent Husband" and the "Surname Kouluo" and other relevant books: "Rong, after the Song Weizi. "The Song Dynasty in the early years of the Zhou Dynasty originally multiplied in Jiangling, Hubei. The Shangyou Lu records: "After the Qi people rongyi. ”
"Ding": "Tongzhi • Clan Sketch" records: "Ding, Surname of Jiang, Duke Tai of Qi, Ding Gong, and Zhisun took Ding as his clan. The "Chronicle of the Three Kingdoms • Wu Zhi Sun Kuang Biography" records: "Sun Quan burned Mao Mang because of Sun Kuang, and because of the lack of military use, he did not distinguish his clan from the Ding clan. The "Dongli Anthology" records: "Ding Henian, his predecessors from the Western Regions, many Ding, entered China and took it as a surname.
"Cui": "Yuan He surname compilation" and "Tang Shu • Zai Xiang Lineage Table" recorded: "Jiang surname, Qi Taigong sheng zi gong, born concubine Uncle Yi, let the country, food harvested in Cui, so as cui clan." From this point of view, the cui surname Chinese is a direct descendant of Jiang Ziya, the Duke of Qi, who is the descendant of the Yandi Shennong clan in the ancient period.
"Nie": "Yuan He surname Compilation" records: "Wei Dafu ate nie, because he thought it was a clan. The Han Dynasty scholar Shi You also pointed out in his surname annotation in his "Surname Rush": "Nie's local name is because it is a surname." ”
"Chai": "Yuan He Surname Compilation" records: After The Prince of Qiwen was Gao Hou, the Gao Sun clan took the father character as the clan, the tenth clan Sun Gao Chai, the disciple of Zhongni, Sun Ju, and the name of the wang father was Chai.
Gao: According to the Guangyun, "Sun Wengong, the sixth duke of Jiang, had a son who was enfeoffed at Gaoyi (高邑; present-day Yu County, Henan Province) and was called Gongzi Gao. His grandson's name, after his grandfather Fengyi, was called Gao, and later became Gao. " Take the word "Father" as the clan. According to the Tongzhi Clan Sketch, "Gongzi Qi, the son of Duke Hui of Qi, was also known as Gao Shi(高氏). After the Spring and Autumn Period, the Gao clan originated from the State of Qi. The "Zuo Biography" records: "The orders of the Guozi, the High Son, and the Son of Heaven are Qi Shouchen, and they are all Shangqing Ye." ”
"Lu": "Yuan He surname 纂" records: "Jiang Shi, after the Qi Taigong, to wen Gongzi Gao, Gao Sun Xi, food cai in Lu, present-day Lu County, because of the surname Lu, Qin has a doctor Lu Ao, Han has Yan Wang Lu Xie." ”
"隰 (xí)": "ShangYoulu Yi surname" records: "隰, Surname Jiang. Liao, the Prince of Qizhuang, was enshrined in Yuyin as a doctor, so he thought it was a clan yan. ”
"Xian": "Chinese- Jin Yu IV" records that when Wen Gonggang ascended the throne, "Xu, Yuan, Fox, Ji, Luan, Hao, Bai, Xian, Yang Tongue, Dong, and Han were actually in charge of the close officials." ”
"Huan": According to the "Tongzhi • Clan Sketch", Xiao Bai, the younger brother of Duke Xiang of Qi in the Spring and Autumn Period, once went out of the state of Qi, and after the Duke of Xiang was killed, Xiao Bai returned to the State of Qi to inherit the throne, appointed Guan Zhong to carry out reforms, and became the head of the Five Hegemons of the Spring and Autumn Period. The Book of later Han and the Biography of Huan Rong quotes the Eastern Han Dynasty Yun: "Huan Shi, Qi Huan Gong Hou Also." Huan Gong (桓公) was the uncle, and ZhiShu used his title to establish the clan of the Clan.
"Qi": The surname Of Kou Luo is included. Its note: "Song Shaoxingzhong, avoiding the taboo and changing the word Huan to 匫." Pronounced 'Xuan'; also pronounced 'Gu Dunche'. Look out at Ho Nam. The Dictionary of Ancient and Modern Chinese Surnames and the Complete Dictionary of Chinese Surnames are also included, and this sound is noted. The Genealogy of Ten Thousand Surnames contains: "Qikuan", when Emperor Xuan of Han was Lujiang Commandery. "Huan Kuan", also known as "Huan Kuan", is the Huán clan of "趕", which should be the provincial text of "Huan". Or a branch of the Huan clan. A sound xuān, also pronounced gèn or gèng, is a surname. (亘xuān) "Surname KaoLuo" is included, and its note is clouded: "In Song Shaoxing, the huan character was changed to 肑. Pronounced 'Xuan'; also pronounced 'Gu Dunche'. Look out of Henan. In addition, the Hanyu Da Zidian quotes the "Genealogy of Ten Thousand Surnames" as saying: "Han Lujiang Is wide. Again, humble, set the history of the country. ”
"Filial Piety": "Yuan He Surname Compilation" contains: "Filial piety, the grandson of the Duke of Qi, with the name of Yu. ”
"Yi (yi)": "Tongzhi • Clan Sketch IV" and "Lu Shi • National Name Ji VII" and quote "Customs and Customs" Yun: Yi Shi, after Ben Qi Yi Gong. Du Pre-yue: "Fifty miles west of Qicheng is Yicheng, because the surname is named city. Ling "Guangyun" quotes "Customs" Yun: Lingshi. After Duke Huan of Qi. ——From the surname Jiang. In the Spring and Autumn Period, Duke Yi of Qi later took the ancestral title of Yi.
"Luan": "Yuan He surname 纂" records: "After Tang Shuyu, Sun Bin, the Marquis of Jing of the Jin Dynasty, ate Luan Yi, and looked out of the West River because of his clan. The "Genealogy of Ten Thousand Surnames" records: "After the Spring and Autumn Luan Book, he was replaced by Jin Qing. The Tongzhi Clan Luo Yi Yi (邑為氏) records: "Marquis Sun Bin of Jinjing, Zhao Prefecture of Jing, and the ancient Luan City of Pingzhi in the northwest of Pingzhi are its places, with Yi as the clan, and Qi has the Luan clan, the Jiang surname, after the Qi Huigong, the Hui Gongzi Jian, the character Luan, is the one who takes the word as the clan." Look out of The West River Wei County. ”
"Zha (zhā)": "Genealogy of Ten Thousand Surnames" records: "Looking out of Qi County, in the five dynasties of the Southern Tang Dynasty, there was a Chawen Hui, a Wenhui Sun Daoru, and a migration of the Family Hailing, and the Cha clan is still a Wang clan. "Cha's origins are in the Shandong region. In the Spring and Autumn Period, the Chu State Grand Master Feng Yi was in Cha, and his descendants were called Cha.
"Banner": "Customs and Customs" records: "Luan Shi, the grandson of Gongsun qi, was a ziqi, and his descendants took the character of Wang's father as their clan, and the Later Han had Jiujiang Taishou Qiguang." The "Zheng Tongzhi Clan Sketch" is also included, and its annotation is based on the "Customs and Customs" Yun: "Qi Qing Gongsun Zao's grandson Rou Shi, the character Zi Qi, the descendant of the Wang father as the clan." ”
"Ling": "Surname KaoLuo" According to the "Surname Kao" Note Cloud: "There was a spirit kingdom in ancient times, and the seven friends of Shun had a spirit fu, which was followed by it." "Then this is based on the country as a clan. Zheng Qiao Zhuyun: "Sub-surname." After Dr. Song's zi ling, also. Gongzi, the son of Duke Wen, encircles the turtle character Zi Ling, and takes the word as the clan. The "Surname Examination" notes that the "Dialectics of Ancient and Modern Surname Books" also said: "The Song Gongzi encircled the turtle character Zi Ling, and then did not slow down, for the left master, with the Wang father character as the clan." ”
"Jing": "Tongzhi • Clan Sketch" records that during the reign of King Jing of Zhou, the monarch of the State of Qi, Xu Usu, died, and his posthumous title was "Jing" and was called The Duke of Qi. His descendants took the nickname "Jing" (景) as their clan.
"Chang": "Surname Kaoluo" notes the "Customs and Customs" Cloud: "Chang out of the Jiang surname, Qi Hou." The "Chinese Dictionary" quotes the Tongjiang Poetry Yun: "Chang surname, Runan has it." His clan is especially devoted to the Tao, and the male and female are eight or nine times out of ten, and sometimes there are female crowns Chang Daogu, beautiful postures, and immortals. ”
"Diao": "Customs and Customs": "Qi Dafu Tong Diao (press: or 'Jian Diao'. after. "This is named after the clan. The Dictionary of Ancient and Modern Chinese Surnames quotes the Retro Compilation Yun: "Diao and Mink sound the same and the words are different, and the original is a surname." Gu Yanwu's "Rizhilu, Miscellaneous Treatises, and Clan Traditions" says: "The ancient book 'Diao' and 'Marten' communicate. King Xiang of Qi had the "Tongzhi" of Sable Bo as 'Diao Bo'. ”
"Wang" :(wang) "Dialectics of Ancient and Modern Surname Books" quotes "Customs and Customs" Yun: "After Qi Taigong Wang. "Records of History": Qi Taigong saw King Wen: 'Wu Taigong wangzi jiuyi. Because the number is too public, hou shi yan.
"逄 (pang)": "The surname Kaoliu" records: "逄, after the Shang princes Boling, look out of the North Sea." "Emperor Yan's grandson Kui Boling was first sealed in Qidi as the State of Qi. After the destruction of King Wu, he was made a prince.
"Gai": According to the "Dialectic of ancient and modern surname books", "Qi Dafu ate in Gai, and then took Yi as his clan. The Book of Wei records: "Lushui Hu has Gaishi, and Gailou is changed to Gaishi." The "Surname Yuan" records: "Gai shi looked out of Yuyang and Luoyang. "During the Warring States period, the Doctor of the State of Qi was sealed and adopted in Gaiyi, so his descendants took Yi as their surname and surnamed Gai.
"Qing": "Yuan he surname 纂" Yun: Qingshi, the son of Huan Gong, after no loss, no loss of birth Qingke, also known as qing father, with the word as the clan.
"He": "Tongzhi • Clan Sketch" says: "He shi, that is, Qing shi ye, Jiang surname, Qi Huan Gong zhi Shu Ye; Han Shi Avoiding Emperor An's father changed to He shi." The "Surname Kaoliu" records: "Later Han Qingchun, Emperor Xiaode, the father of Emperor Xiaode, changed his name to He. Look out of the meeting, Henan. The "Yuan He Surname Compilation" records: "Qi Gong Clan, Qing Gong Clan, Qing Gong Hou." ”
"Tan (tan)": "Tongzhi • Clan Sketch III" quotes "Customs and Customs" Yun: "Tan clan, the Qi Gong clan has food Qiu Tancheng, because it is a clan." ”
"Ping": The "Surname Kaoli" records: "After Qi Xiang Yan Ping Zhong, he looked out of Hanoi, Yan County. "Shiben": "Pingshi, after Qi Xiangyan Pingzhong (infant)." Take the ancestral character as the flat surname. There is also a ping surname, which comes from the emperor after him.
"Gu": "The Hundred Family Names Kao Luo" records: "Qi Gongzi Qi Weisun, sealed in Jiagu, later surnamed Gu. Han has Gu Yong, and there is Gu Na, and the surname is also. ”
"Qiang": According to the "Zuo Zhuan" and "Road History", during the Spring and Autumn Period, the Duke of Qi had a gongshu Qiang, and his subordinate grandson took the character "Qiang" from Wang's father (grandfather) as his clan.
"Yi": The surname Kaulao records: "Take the land as the clan." The Lu RuoXu Collection records: "There was yi after the Taigong. "One of the origins of the surname is the name of the land. The descendants of Jiang Ziya (Taigong) of the Zhou Dynasty were enfeoffed with yi (present-day Yi County, Hebei), and their descendants were given the surname of Yi (易氏). Take the word father as the king. That is, the "Shangyou Record" records: "After the Qi father Yi Ya, that is, Yong Wuye, who was good at knowing the taste, was expected to come out of Jiyang, and now Jiangdong has this surname." "The descendants of Yi Ya take Yi as their surname, also known as Yi.
"Ma": "Customs and Customs" says: "After Dr. Qi's ma baby." The "Surname Examination" says: "Dr. Chu eats in hemp, that is, the present-day Macheng, in the Yin clan, and looks out of the upper valley." "Shi Ben": "Ma Shi, after Qi Dafu Ma Bao." Descendants take the ancestral name ma surname.
"Chong": According to the "Family Tree", it is "a clan of officials from the Zhou Dynasty, with officials as the clan." "The Surname Rush" records: "The clan of officials who are out of the Zhou Dynasty is full of people." The so-called Chongren is an official name of the Zhou Dynasty.
"Yuan": "Dialectics of Ancient and Modern Surname Books" Yun: "There are eight talents of the Gaoyang clan, one of whom is Cangshu, Tan Yuan, and later Yu as a clan. According to the "Zuo Biao", "Qi Is the Grandson of The Sun Zi Yuanjie, and the yuan surname should be out of this." ”
"Zuo": "Yuan He surname 纂" records: "The Qi Gong clan has left and right princes, because of the clan Yan, Lu Zuo Qiu Ming, Chu Zuo Shi Yi Xiang. "Shiben": "Zuo Clan, the Qi Gong Clan has left and right sons, because they think it is a clan." After zuo gongzi of the Duke of Qi, he took the ancestral title as Zuo's surname.
"Kan (Kan)": The Shangyou Lu records: "After Qi Qing Kan stopped, he looked out of the meeting. The "Surname Kaoli" records: "Qi Yi, Lu Zhaogong in Qianhou to take Kan is also, Qi Dafu eater Clan Yan. Kan is a place name of the State of Lu in the Spring and Autumn Period, the original place is in the Southwest of Present-day Wenshang County, Shandong Province, in the Nanwang Lake, which is the birthplace of the Kan family in China, and their ancestors "took the land as a surname" and surnamed Kan.
"Lian": The "Surname Kaoliu" says: "After Lu Zhong's third son Huilian. This means that after Huilian, he was given the surname Lian "after the character of Wang Father". The "Mingxian Clan Words and Deeds Draft" said: "After Zuo Chuan Qi Dafu was even called. The "Wei Shu Guanshi Zhi" records: "It is the Lian clan, the Tailian clan, and both changed to the Lian clan." ”
"Guo": "Guangyun" quotes the "Surname Yuan" as saying: "After Taigong, Qi had the guo clan, and later Shangqing. The "Surname Examination" records: "After the Taigong." The "Yuan He Surname Compilation" records: "Zheng Mu Gongzi Fa, zi guo, sheng yuan, zi er, sheng qiao, zi zi production, with the wang character as the clan, also for the national clan." The "Surname Kao Luo" records: "Youwei also has a national family name, and the eight surnames of Baekje Ministers have a national family name." The Wangs lived in Xia Pi Commandery (下邳郡; present-day Xia Pi Ancient City, Pi County, Jiangsu). In the Spring and Autumn Period, Qi had Shangqing Guozuo. The Western Han Dynasty had a national origin. The Three Kingdoms sometimes have a national abyss. The Jin Dynasty had national security. The Qing Dynasty had a general state pillar.
"Rich": "Tongzhi Clan Sketch" said: "After Zhou Dafu Fuchen." The "Yuan He Surname Compilation" records: "After zuo passed on zhou dafu Fuchen, after Lu Gongfu's father and nephew also had a single surname of Fu, Zheng Dafu had a rich character, and the former Han Shu Weixian had Chen left to stay too shou Fu Yunwen." ”
"Rao": According to the "Dialectic of Ancient and Modern Surname Books", there were doctors in the State of Qi who ate in Raoyi, and later took the name of Yi as the surname "Rao".
"Shift (yi)": "Customs and Customs" Yun: "Qi Gongzi Yong, food and harvest in the transfer, and then the clan Yan." ”
"Lu (lv)": "Dialectics of Ancient and Modern Surname Books" says: After Qi Dafu Lu Li Bao, or a single surname Lu Shi. Zhou Guan Lu shi was also known as Lu Shi after that. The King of Chuping, Qi zi Lu, was later also known as lu shi, and the three clans had different origins.
"That is": "Yuan He Surname Compilation" quotes the "Customs and Customs" Yun: "That is, the clan, its first food is ink, because it is the clan."
"Yan (Yan)": from the surname of Jiang, originated from the State of Qi, ancestor Yan An. The Yuanhe Surname Compilation describes their origins: "Zuo Chuan, Yan Zi's name is weak, Qi Gong clan also, birth baby, character Ping Zhong, Yan Father Rong, Yan Gongli and his clan, Han Yousi Lieutenant Yan General." The "Surname Kaoli" says: "Shi Ben, Lu Zhong's fifth son Yan An, Tang Yaochen had Yan Long, saw the Classic of Mountains and Seas, and when he was born of the Yan clan, he looked forward to the State of Chu and Qi." ”
Liang Qiu (Liang Qiu): It is recorded in the ShangYou Lu: "Qi Dafu ate Liang Qiu because he thought it was a clan. Liangqiu (梁丘) was a name for the State of Lu in the Spring and Autumn Period, located south of Liangqiu Mountain in the northeast of present-day Wu County, Shandong Province. "Spring and Autumn" has "Song Gong, who later met Liang Qiu." According to research, this Qi Hou was Liang Qiu. After he met Liangqiu Mountain, he lived down, and his descendants took Liangqiu as their surname and called Liangqiu.
Chun Yu (Chun Yu): The Dialectic of Ancient and Modern Surname Books says: "Chun Yu Gongzi Sun, with the country as the clan, kang Zhenguan fixed seven surnames, one chun Yu, to XianZong to avoid the imperial name, changed to Yu clan." The "Shangyou Record" records: "Chun Yu, in the Spring and Autumn Period, the small country was also small, and the descendants took the country as their clan" The "Notes on the Water Classic" recorded: "Chun Yu County's hometown summer irrigation of the country, King Wu of Zhou sealed Chun Yu Gong, the number Chun Yu Guo. ”
"Dong Guo (Dong Guo)": The "Family Tree" records: "From the surname of Jiang, the Qi Gong clan doctor lived in Dongguo, Xiguo, and Beiguo, taking the land as the clan. From this point of view, during the Spring and Autumn Period, The Duke of Qi Heng lived in Dongguo (Outside the East Gate City) and his descendants "took the name of their place of residence" Dongguo as their surname and called Dongguo.
"Beiguo": "Genealogy of Ten Thousand Surnames" records: "Beiguo, after Qi Dafu Beiguo Ziche." "Zheng Tongzhi Clan Sketch" is included, and its note is clouded: ""Left Transmission" Qi Dafu Beiguo Ziche also after. Zi Che Naisa, born Kita Guo Qi. ”
"Tai Gong (Tai Gong)": "Guang Yun" Yun: "Tai Gong Clan, there is Tai Gong Shu Ying." "'Zhuangzi' has too public appointments, too public tones."
"Jiang Ju": "Tongzhi Clan Sketch IV" Yun: "Will be the family, qi taizi will be after the tool." ”
"Ding Ruo (ding ruo)": "Customs and Customs" Yun: "Qi Ding Gongzi Yi Bo, eating in Ruo, because he thought it was a clan." ”
"Yue Li": "Yuan he surname 纂" go: "Le Li Clan, Qi Hu Gong Zhi Zi Le Li Clan." ”
"Lieshan": "Zheng Tongzhi Clan Sketch" is contained, and its note "Column" Yun: "Also known as 'Lie'. In the world of Shennong, there was the Lieshan clan. "Surname KaoLuo" notes the "Lieshan" clan cloud: "Customs and Customs:After the Guleshan clan. 'The Lishan clan, that is, the Lianshan clan, also known as the Lieshan clan. The "Surname Kaoli" notes the "Lu Shi" Yun: "Lieshan Clan, descendants of the Yan Emperor." "This should be the surname of Jiang.
"Shen Tu": "Zheng Tongzhi Clan Strategy" "One said Shen TuDi, Xia Xianren, the later tone was changed to Shen Tu Clan, and there were also victorious butchers. Or "take the land as the clan", and tie out the Surname of Jiang: "Shen Tushi, Jiang surname, after the brother of Shen Hou of The King of Zhouyou, the branch of the branch lived in Anding Tuyuan, because it was a clan." "Or take the official as the clan," or Yun: Shen Tu, Chu Guan number. "In the Han Dynasty, there were Shen Tu Gang, shen tu jia, Liang ren, Huaiyang Shou; in the Tang Dynasty there was Shen Tu Si Gong; in the Song Dynasty there was Shen Tu Youya; in the Yuan Dynasty there was Shen Tu Zhiyuan, Shou Zhangren.
