He had no prominent family lineage, the "grassroots" among the scholars, and it took 12 years to be admitted to the jinshi. But at the same time as Zhongjinshi, the Anshi Rebellion also occurred. After finding a job, he was framed for corruption by his colleagues and put in prison. Although there was no solid evidence, it was relegated to remote Lingnan for nine years, and the imperial court did not give an explanation.
He acted according to the rules, resisted the interception of public funds by his superiors, and was once again falsely accused of embezzlement. The evidence of corruption was ridiculous, and although he was found innocent, he was still demoted for seven years.
He was accused of embezzlement for most of his life, until he suddenly opened his mouth at the age of 55 and was promoted to Suizhou Assassin History, but he caught up with Li Xilie's rebellion and replaced him.
He was Liu Changqing, the most wronged poet of the Tang Dynasty.
<h1>"Grassroots" scholars, "ten years has not been called a flat business."</h1>
Liu Changqing (726-790), a scholar, was born in the poetry and book, had no prominent family lineage, nor was he a child prodigy, and could be regarded as the "grassroots" among the scholars. In the fourth year of Tianbao (743), 17-year-old Liu Changqing passed the Autumn Festival and prepared to participate in the Spring Festival next year, that is, the entrance examination held by the Rebbe. He was full of confidence in the future, believing that he was talented and would definitely be chosen. However, "ten years have not been called flat business, so good to study hard." Liu Changqing went to the capital several times to take the exam, and all of them were named Luosun Mountain. Because of his rich experience in taking the exam, he can be regarded as the "predecessor" of many lifters, and he is also knowledgeable, enthusiastic and brave, and he is impressed by the many lifters, Liu Changqing was elected as "Pengtou", which means the leader of the Peng Party. This is not a good title, translated into the current words, it is "over-aged repeater".
Liu Changqing knew that the main reason why he repeatedly fell behind was that he did not have a prominent family lineage, his grandfather Liu Qing only achieved an official position in the Examination Gong Lang, and from the Five Pins, his father did not have an official title. He was quite sad and uneven in his heart, but he also understood that this was the reality of society, and he had to bow his head and do something dirty. He wrote "Little Bird Chapter • Shang Pei Yin" to Yin Pei Dun of Henan Province at that time, in which he used the bird as a metaphor to express his own sourness, hoping to be promoted, and he would follow it for life to repay the favor of knowing the encounter. Unfortunately, Pei Dunfu did not see the poem, or did not pay attention to it.
In the fourteenth year of Tianbao (755), after twelve years of hard work, Liu Changqing finally entered the priesthood and ascended to the throne. The so-called ten years of grinding a sword, Liu Changqing's sword grinding longer and longer. However, just at this time, the Anshi Rebellion broke out, and the emperor fled with Yang Guifei, and Liu Changqing, who had no choice but to run to Jiangnan to escape the war.
<h1>Once falsely accused, demoted to The Lieutenant of Namba County</h1>
After several turns, Liu Changqing found a job as a lieutenant in Changzhou County (present-day Wuzhong District, Suzhou, Jiangsu Province). Lieutenant Liu Xian's management ability is good, "he can make the program disorderly and the officials not deceive." However, Liu Xianwei "straightened the way" as an official, that is, adhered to the style of integrity, often rolled his eyes at his superiors, and strictly managed his subordinates. If the boss is uncomfortable and the colleague is not happy, how can such a person be comfortable as an official? Liu Changqing often exudes the loneliness of qu gao and widowhood, such as this song "Listening to the Piano": "On the seven strings of The Lingling, listen to the wind and cold." Although the ancient tune is self-loving, many people today do not play. "The qin is a traditional Chinese national instrument, and the seven strings make a crisp and agitating sound, like the wind shaking the pine forest. In the Tang Dynasty, music changed, the public's appreciation taste changed, "Yan music" became a new sound of a generation, and the musical instruments were mainly pipa imported from the western region. Although the sound of Mu Rusong's piano is beautiful, after all, it has become an "ancient tune", and few people can appreciate it. Liu Changqing himself loves the guqin, but in the eyes of people, he has become an outlier.
On the seven strings of The Pine Wind, listen to the pine wind and cold
Soon, a colleague filed a complaint against Liu Changqing, saying that he had embezzled public funds. A bureaucrat in a feudal society, which does not stick to the cheapness of the public? It's just that "the people don't lift up, and the officials don't prosecute." Now some people have pointed out that the judicial department took it for granted that Liu Changqing must be in trouble, and without investigating, they put him in Changzhou Prison. Liu Changqing was indignant and sad, and at night he heard the Cheung Chau sergeant playing Guan Shanyue, composing "The Sin House Remains Every Night to Hear the Flute of the Cheung Chau Army": "The floating clouds in the daytime cannot be closed, and huangsha who asks the chief to guess." Only pity the horizontal flute Guan Shan Yue, know that the sad people come night and night. "It is said that the gentleman was blinded by the villain and was wronged by his imprisonment, but unfortunately what came back was only the cold echo of the prison iron door."
In October 757, Guo Ziyi led an army to retake the eastern capital Luoyang, and Emperor Suzong of Tang returned the capital to Chang'an and announced a general amnesty for the world. Luckily, Liu Changqing was released from prison after only a few months in prison. At the end of the year, he was promoted by Li Xiyan, the Assassin of Suzhou, and appointed as the commander of Changzhou County. But those who slandered him did not spare him and proposed to retry the case, and Liu Changqing was arrested and imprisoned again.
The gourd monks judged the gourd case, but the imperial historians could not find the evidence, but preferred to believe it, and demoted him to the lieutenant of Nanba County in Panzhou (present-day Dianbai County, Guangdong Province) of Jiupin. It can be seen that the crime of "false accusation" is not the invention of Qin Juniper, which existed three hundred years before the Southern Song Dynasty.
At that time, Nanba was a barbaric land, the conditions were harsh, and to degrade Nanba was tantamount to exile. Liu Changqing felt unjustly dead, and wrote "Sending Love to the Deceased in Nanba": "After going south to Sanxiang, the Ba people are biased on this road." Who lives in the autumn miasma, returning to the sunset. Where is the straight road, the sad mirror is also pitiful. Whoever wants to sue the book has no tears to shed. "I'm wronged! I insisted on taking the "straight road", but I was relegated to the miasma land, where is the reason? I'm so sad that even the mirror thinks I'm pathetic! I have nowhere to say, I want to cry without tears.
<h1>Nine years of unjust cases, can not wait for an account</h1>
In the spring of the first year of the First Yuan Dynasty (760), Liu Changqing left Changzhou and went to Hongzhou (洪州, in modern Nanchang, Jiangxi) on standby. When he reached Yugan (豫干, in present-day Yugan County, Jiangxi Province), he met Li Bai, who had returned from Yelang. The two men drank wine together, but they had different sorrows and joys. One is a leisurely journey around the world, one is a debasement to go to the appointment; one is with a lady like a flower beauty, and the other is a lone shadow who is only sad and miserable. Judging from his fame and seniority, Liu Changqing only had a respectful share of Li Bai, but Li Bai was a very easy-going and even casual person, so Liu Changqing wrote "Will Go to Nanba to Yugan Farewell Li XII" in a ridiculous tone: "The flowers on the river urge the people to greet the people, and the Poyang Warbler reports the spring of the countryside." Whoever pities this, do not be sad and happy, and send the subjects away from the mountains. "Li Bai, the wine is almost drunk, right?" Your lady shouted at you on the river to get on the boat. Let's shake hands here and separate, alas, the green mountains by the river sent me to the land of debasement, but you were accompanied by a flower-like lady back to my home in Poyang Lake.
Liu Changqing received an edict to "re-push", which meant that the imperial court might reuse him. While waiting for a re-push, he also returned to Suzhou. However, he was disappointed by the results of the waiting, and he wrote in the poem "After re-pushing, he went to stay outside the ridge to stop sending Yuan Shilang": "But he visited the Ba Ren Road, and it was difficult for the country to be en. White clouds have come out of the woods, and the yellow leaves have resigned. How weak is the great achievement, and the qi has been wronged for many years. Empty order several lines of tears, back and forth to Xiangyuan. "To the effect that I don't have to expect The Emperor to be mighty, I'll still go with Xiangyuan."
Portrait of Liu Changqing
A year later, Liu Changqing was pardoned and moved back to Changzhou. The so-called quantitative transfer is to give the pardon a relatively less remote place and arrange a level official position. At that time, the south of Jianghuai had just experienced Liu Zhan's rebellion, and the Area around Changzhou had become dilapidated and depressed, which was in line with Liu Changqing's body of wearing sin. After experiencing the repeated rubbing of hope and disappointment, Liu Changqing's mood gradually tended to be indifferent, and he wrote in the poem "Sending Lingche Shangren": "Cangcang Bamboo Forest Temple, the bells sound late. Lotus belt oblique sun, green mountains alone back. This is a farewell poem he wrote when he sent the poet monk Lingche back to Runzhou Zhulin Temple, a frustrated guest on the way, a monk who returned to the mountain outside the world, on the issue of birth and entry into the world, he can return to the same place, have the same experience of not meeting, and share an indifferent mind.
Kasa belt oblique sun, green mountains alone far away
In the second year of the Gregorian calendar (767), Liu Changqing was transferred back to Beijing, and his case was closed. After nine years, the imperial court did not give Liu Changqing an explanation.
<h1>He was falsely accused of degrading sima of Muzhou for the second time</h1>
After the Anshi Rebellion, emperors of the Tang Dynasty placed salt and iron transfer envoys. This official position directly amassed wealth for the emperor, and had the responsibility of supervising the localities, which was beneficial to the central government and not to the localities, so the emissaries of moderation, the envoys of observation, and so on tried to create obstacles to the transfer of salt and iron, and even excluded and framed them.
Images of Karadai Sect
In the eighth year of the Gregorian calendar (773), the imperial court appointed Liu Changqing as the emissary of Eyue and the inspector of the ancestral hall, and at the same time appointed Wu Zhongru as the envoy of Eyue Observation, as the administrative and military governor of the prefectures of Eyue, Yue, Pu, Huang, An, and Shen. This Wu Zhongru is not small, he is the second son-in-law of Guo Ziyi, the hero who recreated the Tang Dynasty, but he does not have the Bright and Honest Family Style of the Guo Family, and his temperament is small, and he thinks about himself everywhere. Liu Changqing's temper did not change, and he still "went straight". He was also not unaware of the consequences of "straight road", and once summed it up in the poem "After The Negative Who Climbed the Ganyue Pavilion": "Waking up alone makes fun of the air, and the straight way does not allow himself to be", but this summary certainly did not touch the soul, and when Wu Zhongru wanted to intercept the money and grain sent to the Beijing Division, Liu Changqing resolutely resisted.
Offend the villain, and the consequences are very serious. Wu Zhongru retaliated fiercely, he checked Liu Changqing's bottom line, wow, this guy once committed a case of embezzlement of public funds! This was a stain worth using, so he reported Liu Changqing, saying that he had embezzled 200,000 taels of public funds and fabricated a lot of evidence. At that time, Guo Ziyi was organizing a military parade to prepare for the attack on Tubo, and the emperor naturally took special care of the people of the Guo family, so he approved Yushitai to investigate the case.
Guo Ziyi, a famous general of the Tang Dynasty
Yushi Miao Pi took over the case. Liu Changqing was unfortunate and framed again; Liu Changqing was lucky enough to encounter Miao Pi to investigate the case. First, Miao Pi is more upright, and second, Miao Pi's father was the prime minister, and he still has a certain degree of power. Miao Pi flipped over the case file and was shocked, embezzling 200,000 taels of public funds? This is a big case! Thinking about it again, my datang's annual financial income is only 12 million taels, how big is Liu Changqing's ability to embezzle so much in one person? Besides, such a large pile of silver and copper must have a place to hide! Miao Pi believes that the evidence is insufficient, and it is advisable to start from a light haircut. In the autumn of the ninth year of the Gregorian calendar (774), the imperial court demoted Liu Changqing to Sima of Mu Prefecture (睦州, in modern Chun'an County, Zhejiang).
With such a result, Liu Changqing not only lamented the injustice of the world, but also congratulated himself for the rest of his life again, and he wrote a poem "Returning to Muzhou after Being Overturned, Giving Miao to serve the Emperor": "The earth is far away from the heart, and the sky is high and easy to become a slander." The intestines of the sheep are left rutted, and the tiger's mouth is out for the rest of its life. He expressed his gratitude to Miao Pi and also vented his resentment.
The impact of this case is very large and well known. Many years later, the Huainan Festival made Chen Shaoyou want to privately withhold eight million public funds, and the Jianghuai Beidong Salt and Iron Transport envoy Bao Yu did not agree, and Chen Shaoyou threatened him and said, Think about Liu Changqing's fate. Therefore, "he was afraid and did not dare to protect him", and abandoned his wealth and fled.
<h1>Five words of the Great Wall, boasting is also the truth</h1>
Sima was originally a military official, equivalent to the current chief of staff, but after the Wei and Jin dynasties, it gradually evolved into a fictitious position to arrange for officials to be punished. Liu Changqing, who is more than 50 years old, has already looked down on the ups and downs of the officialdom, and he is not in a hurry to report to Muzhou, first staying in his former residence in Poyang for half a year, resting and recuperating.
This winter, he went to the nearby Furong Mountain, and during the tour, it suddenly snowed. It was late and the road was difficult, so Liu Changqing had to live in a family on the mountain. The hut was dilapidated, breathable, and cold to the bone, and Liu Changqing wrapped his clothes tightly, listening to the sound of snow falling, worried that he would be trapped on the mountain. Late at night, he still had difficulty sleeping, so he wrote a poem "The Master of Furong Mountain in the Snow" with a faint light: "The sun is far away from the mountains, and the cold white house is poor." Chai Men smell the barking of dogs, and the wind and snow return to people on the night. In his poem, Liu Changqing painted a picture of tourists staying overnight and returning home in the mountains. The long mountain road already makes people feel that the journey is far away, and it is even more distant to see the twilight; the simple huts already make people feel poor, and when it comes to winter, they are even more poor. In just twenty words, he projected his real situation, he was cornered, hoping to obtain a pure land, but in the cold reality, where is his own place to stand?
Chai Men smell the barking of dogs, and the wind and snow return to people on the night
In the spring of the following year, Liu Changqing left his former residence in Poyang to take up his post in Muzhou, and then went to the Yixing Villa in Changzhou to recuperate for a year. Back in Muzhou, his energy was mainly focused on singing and singing with local poets, and the Yuezhou poets Qin, Yan Wei, Bao Yao, the poet monk Lingyi, Lingche, Lingyou Shangren, and Shaowei Shangren all had close contacts with him. Once, everyone talked about poetry at Wucheng Kaiyuan Temple, and the atmosphere was relaxed and lively. Li Jilan, a well-known female Taoist priest, knew that Liu Changqing suffered from "yin heavy disease", that is, hernia, and often had to use a cloth to support the scrotum to reduce the pain, so she joked with Liu Changqing and chanted a poem by Tao Yuanming: "Mountain qi is good day and night." "Mountain Qi" is pronounced "hernia", which means that your hernia disease is better? Liu Changqing immediately replied with a poem by Tao Yuanming: "The birds are happy to have a trust", "the crowd" is harmonious and "heavy", which means that he suffers from hernia and his lower body is swollen, fortunately I got something to support, otherwise it would be very uncomfortable. Such an answer, that is, witty and interesting, but also avoids embarrassment, out of the language, quick thinking, people are impressed.
Despite repeated repression, Liu Changqing was still surprisingly conceited, calling himself the "Great Wall of Five Words", meaning that in terms of five words and poetry, others could not match. People often called him together with Qian Qi, Lang Shiyuan and Li Jiayou, but he was very dismissive, saying: "Now people call him Shen, Song, Wang, and Du before him, and later He Qian, Lang, Liu, and Li." How can Li Jiayou and Lang Shiyuan keep pace with me? He inscribed poems everywhere, often not even writing his surname, and only the word "Changqing" was written, it seemed that everyone on the earth should know Changqing's surname Liu, and there was no need to write it at all.
Liu Changqing was surprisingly conceited
Of course, Liu Changqing bears his own conceit, and his five-character poems have a unique path, combining delicate feelings with soft and exquisite writing, forming a subtle and fluent style, inadvertently completing a transformation from the Sheng Tang Dynasty to the Middle Tang Dynasty, marking the end of the era of writing the Five Laws with the method of ancient poetry. The Qin clan and Liu Changqing often exchanged poems in reply, and then compiled their singing and poems into a collection, and their mutual friend Quan Deyu wrote the preface to the collection, jokingly saying: "Changqing thinks that it is the Great Wall of Five Words, indestructible, and the Qin clan led the troops to attack from the side." Although the others were old, their power did not diminish in their prime, and it was really enough for Changqing to resist for a while. "
<h1>A life of ups and downs, thirty years wandering forty states</h1>
In the second year of Jianzhong (781), Emperor Dezong of Tang appointed a group of former ministers, and Liu Changqing was promoted to Sui prefecture (隨州, in modern Suizhou, Hubei Province). His second unjust case lasted seven years and ended in vain.
At this time, Suizhou was at a sensitive and dangerous moment. Shannan's Eastern Province jiedushi made Liang Chongyi support Xiangyang and fight against the central government. In June, the imperial court dispatched Huaining Jiedu to make Li Xilie command the armies and attack Liang Chongyi. Li Xilie was very capable, and in August he overthrew Liang Chongyi. In September, the imperial court sent Li Cheng as an envoy to Xiangzhou and Shannan's Eastern Province, but Li Xilie "placed Li Cheng in the outer pavilion and coerced everything." Li Cheng was loyal to the central authorities and disobeyed Li Xilie. Li Xilie was unable to coerce, so he plundered Xiangzhou and left.
Statue of Li Xilie
Liu Changqing has experienced many ups and downs in his career, although he has also complained and longed for empty doors, and his mood has risen and fallen many times with the difference in time and encounters, but his belief in "straight road" as an official has not changed. He saw that Li Xilie had a rebellious heart, so he wrote a poem "Dedication to the Huaining Army to Make Li Xianggong", emphasizing it on the altar and moving it with jun grace, saying that the county tombs and plains can be used for hunting, and you should not covet other places. But where could Li Xilie listen, he quickly sent Li Zuo to Suizhou and replaced Liu Changqing's assassin seat. In the autumn of the third year of Jianzhong (782), Li Xilie colluded with the rebels and openly opposed the Tang. Liu Changqing saw that he was worried about his life, so he left Suizhou and fled for his life.
Liu Changqing originally wanted to return to Chang'an, but the road was impassable, so he had to hide in tibet in the hongzhou area. At the end of the first year of Xingyuan (784), Du Ya succeeded him as the envoy of Huainan Jiedushi, and he had a good relationship with Liu Changqing, so he recruited Liu Changqing to come to the shogunate to do miscellaneous work. Liu Changqing worked in the Duya shogunate for six years, and Zhenyuan died of illness in the sixth year (790) at the age of 64.
Statue of Liu Changqing
Liu Changqing, who experienced various wars and chaos during the tang suzong, tang dynasty, and Tang Dezong periods, and wandered 40 states for more than 30 years, wrote in the poem "Sending Li Lushi's brother to Xiangdeng": "It is difficult to be with Juntong for more than ten years, and several places have moved to Peng. After the white prime minister's conquest, youth has passed through chaos. "It can be said that it is a true portrayal of his life. Tang Dynasty poets were degraded, but few people were imprisoned, Liu Changqing is the most special one, and twice unjustly degraded, 16 years of wearing guilt, not a moment has been satisfactory, can be regarded as the most wronged poet in the Tang Dynasty.