Mao Zedong
Mao Zedong (December 26, 1893 – September 9, 1976), courtesy name Runzhi, was a native of Xiangtan, Hunan. Chinese leaders of the people, great Marxists, proletarian revolutionaries, strategists and theoreticians, principal founders and leaders of the Communist Party of China, the Chinese People's Liberation Army and the People's Republic of China, politicians, military men, poets, and calligraphers.
Mao Zedong is one of the most important figures in modern world history, and Time magazine named him one of the 100 most influential people of the 20th century.
Young Mao Zedong
In 1893
On December 26, a peasant family was born in Shaoshanchong, Xiangtan County, Hunan Province.
Former residence of Mao Zedong
1902-1909
He studied at six private schools in his hometown of Shaoshan and received traditional Chinese enlightenment education.
In 1910
In the autumn, he was admitted to the Xiangxiang County Dongshan Higher Primary School in Hunan Province. During this period, he was influenced by the reformist ideas of Kang Youwei and Liang Qichao.
In 1911
In the spring, he went to Changsha and was admitted to the Xiangxiang Provincial Middle School. During this period, he read the "Minli Bao" run by the League, and under its influence, he wrote an article expressing his support for Sun Yat-sen and the program of the League.
In October, in response to the Xinhai Revolution, he threw pen from Rong and served as a soldier in the Hunan New Army. Quit after half a year.
In 1913
In the spring, he entered the preparatory department of hunan provincial fourth normal school.
In 1914
In the autumn, it was incorporated into the eighth undergraduate class of Hunan Provincial First Normal School. During his time in school, under the influence of progressive teachers such as Yang Changji, he became an enthusiastic reader of New Youth magazine and admired Chen Duxiu and Hu Shi.
Group photo with Xiangtan Alumni Association (third from the left in the second row)
In 1918
On April 14, Together with Xiao Zisheng, He Shuheng, Cai Hesen, etc., he initiated the establishment of the Xinmin Society.
In June, he graduated from Hunan Provincial First Normal School.
In August, in order to organize the Hunan work-study movement to France, he went to Beijing for the first time. While in Beijing, he served as a librarian at Peking University, and with the help of Li Dazhao and others, he began to accept the ideological influence of the October Revolution in Russia.
In 1919
On April 6, he returned to Changsha from Shanghai.
In May, in response to the May Fourth Movement, he initiated the establishment of the Hunan Student Federation to lead the hunan student anti-imperialist patriotic movement.
On July 14, the Xiangjiang Review, the journal of the Hunan Students' Federation, was launched in Changsha. From July to August, he wrote and published a long article entitled "The Great Union of the People".
On October 5, his mother Wen shi died of illness, and he rushed back to Shaoshan from Changsha. On the 8th, he wrote the "Mother Sacrifice Text" in front of his mother's spirit.
In the spring of 1919, Mao Zedong took a group photo with his mother Wen Qimei, brothers Mao Zemin (second from left) and Mao Zeqin (first from left) in Changsha.
In December, he traveled to Beijing for the second time to lead a campaign to oust the Hunan warlord Zhang Jingyao. While in Beijing, I read Marxist books such as the Communist Manifesto.
In 1920
In May and June, he met with Chen Duxiu in Shanghai to discuss with him the Marxist books he had read.
At the beginning of August, Tongyi Lirong and others initiated the establishment of a cultural book club in Changsha to spread Marxism and new culture.
From August to September, he participated in the preparation for the establishment of the Russian Society.
On November 25, he wrote to Luo Zhanglong, proposing that the Xinmin Society should "be transformed into a combination of doctrines." Doctrine is like a flag, and when the flag is erected, everyone can count on it and know where to go."
Members of the Xinmin Society in Changsha (Mao Zedong in the back row, fourth from the left)
In November, together with He Shuheng and others, he organized the Changsha Communist Group.
On December 1, a letter was sent to Choi He Sen, Xiao Zisheng and other members of the Fa. The letter stated that he accepted Marxism and followed the path of the October Revolution in Russia. To prepare for the establishment of the Socialist Youth League in Changsha. Married to Yang Kaihui.
Mao Zedong and Yang Kaihui
In 1921
From January 1st to 3rd, together with He Shuheng, Peng Huang, Zhou Shizhao, Xiong Jinyue and more than ten other people, the New Year's Meeting of the Members of the Xinmin Society was held at the Chaozong Street Cultural Book Club in Changsha. At the meeting, it was proposed that the Xinmin Society should take "transforming China and the world" as its common purpose and favor the use of "Russian-style" methods to transform China.
From July 23 to early August, Tong He Shuheng attended the First National Congress of the Communist Party of China in Shanghai as a representative of the Changsha Communist Group.
In August, he returned to Changsha and served as the director of the Hunan Branch of the Secretariat of the China Labor Union. He Shuheng founded Hunan Self-study University.
On October 10, he established the Hunan branch of the Communist Party of China and served as secretary.
In 1922
In May, the Xiang District Executive Committee of the Communist Party of China was established and he served as secretary.
From September to December, he organized and led a series of strike movements such as Guangdong-Han railway workers, Anyuan Road miners, and Changsha mud workers, and promoted the Hunan workers' movement to a rapid climax.
In 1923
In April, he left Changsha and arrived in Shanghai to work in the Central Committee of the Communist Party of China.
In June, he attended the Third National Congress of the Communist Party of China in Guangzhou, and was elected as a member of the Central Executive Committee, a member of the Central Bureau, and a secretary of the Central Bureau.
On September 16, in accordance with the decision of the CPC Central Committee and entrusted by Lin Boqu, deputy director of the General Affairs Department of the Kuomintang Headquarters, he returned to Changsha to prepare for the establishment of the Hunan Kuomintang organization.
In 1924
In January, he attended the First National Congress of the Chinese Kuomintang in Guangzhou and was elected as an alternate member of the Central Executive Committee.
In February, he went to Shanghai and served as a member of the Shanghai Executive Department of the Kuomintang and the secretary of the Organization Department.
In December, he returned to Hunan to recuperate.
In 1925
In February, he returned to Shaoshan to recuperate from illness and carry out a peasant movement on the other.
In September, he went to Guangzhou to participate in the preparations for the Second National Congress of the Kuomintang.
In October, he was appointed acting director of the Propaganda Department of the Kuomintang Central Committee.
On December 1, he published the article "Analysis of the Classes in Chinese Society".
On December 5, the Political Weekly, a publication of the Propaganda Department of the Kuomintang Central Committee, was launched.
In 1926
In January, he attended the Second National Congress of the Chinese Kuomintang and was re-elected as an alternate member of the Central Executive Committee.
On March 18, he delivered a speech entitled "The Significance of Commemorating the Paris Commune" at the Gathering of the Kuomintang Political Workshop in Guangzhou to Commemorate the Fifty-fifth Anniversary of the Paris Commune.
In March, Chiang Kai-shek built the Zhongshan incident in Guangzhou, and together with Zhou Enlai and others, he vigorously counterattacked.
From May to September, he hosted the Sixth Peasant Movement Training Institute of the Kuomintang and served as its director.
In November, he went to Shanghai to serve as secretary of the Central Peasant Movement Committee of the Communist Party of China. Soon after, he went to Wuhan and founded the Kuomintang Central Peasant Movement Training Center.
In December, he attended the First Workers' Congress and the First Peasants' Congress in Hunan Province in Changsha.
In 1927
From January 4 to February 5, he inspected the peasant movement in Xiangtan, Xiangxiang, Hengshan, Liling and Changsha counties in Hunan.
Group photo of the Third Plenary Session of the Second Central Committee of the Kuomintang (third from the right in the second row)
In March, he published the "Report on the Investigation of the Peasant Movement in Hunan" and attended the Third Plenary Session of the Second Central Committee of the Kuomintang in Wuhan.
On April 12, Chiang Kai-shek staged a counter-revolutionary coup in Shanghai.
From April 27 to May 10, he attended the Fifth National Congress of the Communist Party of China and was elected as an alternate member of the Central Executive Committee. The meeting criticized Chen Duxiu's right-leaning mistakes.
On July 15, Wang Jingwei launched a counter-revolutionary coup in Wuhan, and the Ninghan confluence, the Great Revolution failed.
On August 1, the Nanchang Uprising broke out. Together with Soong Ching-ling and twenty-two other members of the Kuomintang Central Committee, they jointly issued the "Declaration of the Central Committee Members", condemning Chiang Kai-shek and Wang Jingwei for betraying the National Revolution.
On August 7, he attended an emergency meeting of the Central Committee of the Communist Party of China in Hankou, put forward the idea of "power out of the barrel of a gun", and was elected as an alternate member of the Provisional Politburo. After the meeting, he went to Hunan to lead the Xiangganbian Autumn Harvest Uprising.
On September 9, the Autumn Harvest Uprising broke out on the border of Xianggan and Gansu. When he was passing through Zhangjiafang in Liuyang on his way to the third regimental headquarters of the Xiao Family Ancestral Hall in Tonggu, Jiangxi, he was caught by the Qingxiang team of the Regiment Defense Bureau and escorted him to escape from danger.
In September, after the autumn harvest uprising was thwarted, he led the rebel troops to march to the middle of the Luoxiao Mountains.
In October, he arrived in Maoping, Ninggang County, Jiangxi Province, and began to create the Jinggangshan Revolutionary Base Area.
In November, he was wrongly accused by the Provisional Politburo of the Communist Party of China and was removed from his post as an alternate member of the Politburo.
In 1928
In April, he led his troops to meet the remnants of the Nanchang Rebel Army led by Zhu De and Chen Yi and the Xiangnan Rebel Peasant Army in The City of Lingshi in Ninggang County, Jiangxi.
The meeting place of Mao Zedong and Zhu De at Jinggangshan
In May, he served as the party representative and secretary of the Fourth Army of the Workers' and Peasants' Revolutionary Army (later renamed the Chinese Red Army) formed by the two units.
In July, he was elected a member of the Central Committee at the Sixth National Congress of the Communist Party of China.
In October, a resolution was drafted for the Second Congress of the Communist Party of China on the Border between Xianggan and Gansu, proposing the idea of "armed division of workers and peasants".
On November 25, on behalf of the former committee of the Fourth Red Army of the Communist Party of China, he wrote a report to the Central Committee summarizing the experience of the workers and peasants in Jinggangshan in dividing up the armed territory.
In December, he presided over the formulation of the Land Law of Jinggangshan.
In 1929
In January, together with Zhu De and Chen Yi, the main force of the Red Fourth Army marched to Gannan and western Fujian, and by the spring of 1930, the two revolutionary base areas of Gannan and western Fujian had initially taken shape.
In April, he presided over the formulation of the Land Law of Xingguo.
In June, attending the Seventh Congress of the Fourth Red Army of the Communist Party of China held in Longyan, the correct opinions on the tasks, political work, and military work of the Red Army were not accepted, and the former secretary of the party committee that the CPC Central Committee had appointed him to serve as a former party secretary was re-elected. After the meeting, he left the main leadership post of the Red Fourth Army and went to western Fujian to recuperate and guide local work.
In July, he guided the convening of the first congress of the Communist Party of China in western Fujian.
In September, the Central Committee of the Communist Party of China issued a letter of instruction to the Former Committee of the Fourth Red Army, affirming Mao Zedong's correct ideas on the red army's operational tactics and building a strong people's revolutionary army.
In December, he presided over the Ninth Congress of the Red Fourth Army of the Communist Party of China in Gutian Village, Shanghang County, Fujian Province, where he made a political report and drafted a resolution of the congress (that is, the resolution of the Gutian Conference).
Former site of the Gutian Conference
In 1930
In January, he wrote an article entitled "The Spark of a Spark Can Ignite the Plains", expounding the theory of the Chinese revolutionary road of encircling the cities from the countryside and seizing power by force.
In May, he searched for Wu in Jiangxi to investigate; at the same time, he wrote an article entitled "Against Originalism", proposing that "there is no investigation, no right to speak".
In August, he was appointed General Political Commissar of the Red Army and Secretary of the Committee of General Former Enemies of the Communist Party of China.
In September, he was elected as an alternate member of the Politburo at the Third Plenary Session of the Sixth Central Committee of the Communist Party of China.
From December 30 to January 3 of the following year, together with Zhu De and others, he commanded the Red Army to crush the first "encirclement and suppression" of the Kuomintang army.
In 1931
On January 7, the Fourth Plenary Session of the enlarged Sixth Central Committee of the Communist Party of China was held in Shanghai and was elected as an alternate member of the Politburo of the COMMUNIST Party of China (not present). Wang Ming entered the Politburo with the support of representatives of the Comintern.
From April to May, together with Zhu De and others, he commanded the Red Army to crush the kuomintang army for the second "encirclement and suppression".
From July to September, the kuomintang army was crushed for the third "encirclement and suppression".
From November 1 to 5, he was ostracized at the First Congress (Gannan Conference) held by the Party organization of the Central Soviet Region and accused of "narrow empiricism", "the kulak line" and "extremely serious right-leaning opportunism".
In November, he gave a report at the First National Congress of the Chinese Soviets; at the first meeting of the Central Executive Committee of the Chinese Soviet Republic, he was elected Chairman and Chairman of the People's Committee.
Group photo of members of the Central Bureau of the Communist Party of China in the Soviet Union (second from the right)
In 1932
In January, he went to the ancient temple of Donghua mountain on the outskirts of Ruijin City in Jiangxi Province to recuperate.
In March, after the Red Army failed to attack Ganzhou, it stopped recuperating and rushed to the front line to command.
On April 15, the Declaration of war against Japan was issued.
On May 9, Tong Xiangying published "The Provisional Central Government of the Chinese Soviet Republic Opposes the Kuomintang's Sale of the Songhu Agreement and Electrified.".
In June, with Zhu De, he commanded the Red First and Red Fifth Armies to return from western Fujian to Gannan.
In October, at a meeting of the Central Bureau of the CPC Central Committee in Ningdu, Jiangxi, it was attacked by the erroneous leadership of the "Left". After the meeting, he was dismissed from his post as general political commissar of the Red Army and went to Changting, Fujian Province, to recuperate.
In 1933
In late January, the Provisional Politburo of the CPC Central Committee moved to the Central Revolutionary Base Area.
In early February, the Provisional Central Committee of the Communist Party of China comprehensively implemented the "offensive line", eliminated the influence of Mao Zedong's active defensive line in the central base areas, and launched a struggle against the so-called "Luoming line".
On May 30, Tong Xiangying and others issued the Declaration of the Provisional Central Government of the Chinese Soviet Republic on betraying Pingjin for the Kuomintang.
On June 1, Tong Xiangying and others issued the "Instructions on the Chatian Movement" of the Provisional Central Government of the Chinese Soviet Republic.
In August, at the Economic Construction Conference of the Seventeen Counties in the Southern Part of the Central Soviet Region held in Ruijin, he gave a report on "Smashing the Five "Encirclement and Suppression" and the Tasks of Soviet Economic Construction".
In October, he wrote the article "How to Analyze Rural Classes", which became the criterion for dividing the composition of rural classes.
In November, he successively investigated in Changgang Township, Xingguo County, and Caixi Township, Shanghang County, and wrote the "Changgang Township Survey" and the "Caixi Township Survey".
In 1934
In January, he was elected to the Politburo at the Fifth Plenary Session of the Sixth Central Committee of the Communist Party of China. Work report at the Second National Congress of the Chinese Soviet. He was re-elected Chairman of the Central Executive Committee of the Chinese Soviet Republic.
On June 19, Tong Xiangying and others issued the Declaration of the Central Government of the Chinese Soviet Republic On Betraying North China for the Kuomintang.
On July 15, Tong Xiangying and others issued the Declaration on the Anti-Japanese Resistance against the Japanese In the North for the Chinese Workers' and Peasants' Red Army.
On the evening of October 18, he led the guard squad to leave yu capital and embark on the road of the Long March.
At the end of November, the Red Army suffered heavy losses in the Battle of the Xiangjiang River. On the 30th, he crossed the Xiang River with the First Field Column of the Central Military Commission.
On December 12, at an emergency meeting of the heads of the CPC Central Committee held in Hunan Passage, he urged the Red Army to abandon the original plan to join the Red Second and Sixth Armies in western Hunan and advance to Guizhou, where the enemy's strength was weak, and was adopted.
In 1935
From January 15 to 17, he attended the enlarged meeting of the Politburo of the CPC Central Committee held in Zunyi, Guizhou, and was co-elected as a member of the Politburo Standing Committee. The conference ended the rule of Wang Ming's "Left" adventurism in the CPC Central Committee and actually established a new central leadership represented by Mao Zedong.
Zunyi Conference Site
In March, together with Zhou Enlai and Wang Jiaxiang, a three-person military command group was formed.
From March to May, together with Zhou Enlai and others, he commanded the Red Army to cross the Chishui River in four directions, cross the Jinsha River by chance, and fly to capture the Luding Bridge, thus achieving a decisive victory in the strategic transfer.
On June 15, Tong Xiangying and others issued the Declaration on Opposing Japan's Annexation of North China and Chiang Kai-shek's Traitorous Declaration.
In June, he led the Red Front to rendezvous with the Red Fourth Front in western Sichuan. Soon, he was fighting against Zhang Guotao's escapism and separatism.
On October 19, he led the Shaanxi-Gansu detachment of the Chinese Workers' and Peasants' Red Army to wuqi town in Yan'an, Shaanxi. The Red Army successfully completed the Long March.
In December, he attended a meeting of the Political Bureau of the CPC Central Committee held in Wayao Fort in northern Shaanxi. The meeting determined the tactics for building an anti-Japanese national united front.
On December 27, at a meeting of Party activists, he gave a report entitled "On tactics against Japanese imperialism", expounding the tactics and principles of the anti-Japanese national united front.
In 1936
On January 25, together with Zhou Enlai, Peng Dehuai, and twenty other Red Army generals, they jointly issued the "Letter to All The Officers and Men of the Northeast Army for the Red Army Willing to Unite with the Northeast Army to Resist Japan," proposing specific measures for organizing the national defense government and the anti-Japanese coalition army, and suggesting that representatives be sent to each other for joint consultation.
From February to May, tong Peng Dehuai led the main force of the Red Army to cross the Yellow River.
In March, a five-point proposal was made to the Nanjing authorities to stop the civil war and unite to resist Japan.
On June 1, Tong Zhu De issued twenty propositions on saving the country and the people.
On June 12, Tong Zhu De issued a declaration expressing support for the "Two Guangdong Incident" and putting forward an eight-point program for resisting Japan and saving the country.
From July to October, he met with the American journalist Snow in Yan'an, northern Shaanxi Province, to answer his questions about the Chinese revolution and the Workers' and Peasants' Red Army, and to introduce his own experience.
On August 10, he attended a meeting of the Political Bureau of the CPC Central Committee and gave a report on the relations between the Kuomintang and the Communist Party and the united front.
On August 25, the "Letter of the Communist Party of China to the Chinese Kuomintang" was drafted, calling for a unanimous anti-Japanese resistance.
On December 7, he was appointed Chairman of the Revolutionary Military Commission of the Central Committee of the Communist Party of China.
In mid-December, Zhang Xueliang and Yang Hucheng carried out "military advice" in Xi'an and detained Chiang Kai-shek. Mao Zedong and the CPC Central Committee analyzed the complicated political situation at that time, determined the policy for the peaceful settlement of the Xi'an incident, and sent Zhou Enlai and others to Xi'an to participate in the negotiations and promote the peaceful settlement of the incident.
In December, he wrote "Strategic Issues in China's Revolutionary War".
In 1937
Middle-aged Mao Zedong
On January 13, together with the CENTRAL Committee of the Communist Party of China and the Central Military Commission, they entered Yan'an.
On February 9, he attended the meeting of the Standing Committee of the Political Bureau of the CPC Central Committee, where he discussed and adopted the "Telegram from the CPC Central Committee to the Third Plenary Session of the Kuomintang of China", proposing five national policies and four guarantees. This document actually became the platform for cooperation and negotiations between the Kuomintang and the Communist Party.
In March, she met with American journalist Smedley to answer some of her questions about the Sino-Japanese War and the Xi'an Incident.
From April to July, he taught dialectical materialism at the Anti-Japanese Military and Political University, two of which were later compiled into "Theory of Practice" and "Theory of Contradictions".
In May, at the National Congress of the Communist Party of China, he delivered a report entitled "The Tasks of the Communist Party of China in the Period of Resistance Against Japan" and the conclusion of "Struggle for Millions of People to Enter the Anti-Japanese National United Front".
On July 7, the Lugou Bridge Incident broke out, and the National War of Resistance Against Japanese Aggression began.
On July 23, he published "The Principles, Methods, and Prospects for Opposing Japan's Offensive," proposing the principles and policies of resolutely resisting the War of Resistance and opposing compromise and concessions.
From August 22 to 25, he attended the enlarged meeting of the Political Bureau of the CPC Central Committee held in Luochuan, northern Shaanxi, emphasized the principle of independence and self-determination in the united front, expounded the strategic principle of independent mountain guerrilla warfare, and served as the secretary of the newly formed CPC Central Military Commission.
On August 25, together with Zhu De and Zhou Enlai, he issued an order on the reorganization of the Red Army into the Eighth Route Army of the National Revolutionary Army. Subsequently, he instructed the Eighth Route Army to go to the anti-Japanese front.
On November 12, at a meeting of Party activists in Yan'an, he delivered a report entitled "The Situation and Tasks of the War of Resistance Against Japanese Aggression After the Fall of Taiyuan in Shanghai," comprehensively expounding his views on the united front and the relations between the Kuomintang and the Communist Party.
In December, he attended the meeting of the Political Bureau of the CPC Central Committee and delivered a speech, reiterating and adhering to the principles and policies determined by the Luochuan Conference in response to Wang Ming's right-leaning capitulationist proposition that "everything passes through the united front".
In 1938
Lectured at the Chinese Anti-Japanese Military and Political University
In the spring, the decision was made for the Eighth Route Army to enter the plains from the mountains of North China to carry out guerrilla warfare.
In May, he published an article entitled "Strategic Issues in the Anti-Japanese Guerrilla War".
From May 26 to June 3, he gave a lecture on "On Protracted War" at the Yan'an Anti-Japanese War Research Association. It comprehensively analyzed the era in which the Sino-Japanese War was located and the basic characteristics of both China and Japan, refuted the theory of quick victory and the theory of national subjugation, and expounded the general policy of the protracted war of China's War of Resistance Against Japan.
Mao Zedong wrote "On Protracted War" in a cave dwelling
From September 14 to 27, he attended the meeting of the Political Bureau of the CPC Central Committee. Wang Jiaxiang conveyed the instructions of the Comintern, saying that the leading organs of the CPC Central Committee should take Mao Zedong as the head to solve the problem of unified leadership. Mao Zedong made a long speech at the meeting.
From September 29 to November 6, he attended the Sixth Plenary Session of the Enlarged Sixth Central Committee of the Communist Party of China and delivered a political report and conclusions on the new stage. The meeting approved the line of the Politburo headed by Mao Zedong.
In 1939
On February 2, he spoke at the Yan'an Party, Government, army production mobilization conference, calling on him to do it himself and overcome economic difficulties.
On February 5, he delivered a speech entitled "Against Capitulationism" at the Party School of the Central Committee of the Communist Party of China.
In late April, he wrote an article entitled "The May Fourth Movement".
On May 4, he gave a speech on "The Direction of the Youth Movement" at the Yan'an Youth Commemoration Conference to Commemorate the 20th Anniversary of the May Fourth Movement.
From July to August, he made several reports denouncing the anti-communist friction created by the Diehard Kuomintang and calling for continued unity in the War of Resistance.
On September 16, he talked with three reporters from the Central News Agency, the "Sweeping Newspaper," and the "Xinmin Bao, and reiterated the principle of self-defense of "no one offends me, I do not offend; if anyone offends me, I will offend."
On October 4, he published a "Speech by the Communists", which explained that the united front, armed struggle, and party building are the three magic weapons for the Chinese revolution to defeat the enemy and win victory.
On December 1, a decision was drafted for the Central Committee of the Communist Party of China on the absorption of a large number of intellectuals.
On December 21, he wrote the article "In Memory of Bethune" for the "Norman Bethune Memorial Album" compiled and printed by the Political Department and the Ministry of Health of the Eighth Route Army.
In the same month, he co-authored "The Chinese Revolution and the Chinese Communist Party".
From December to March of the following year, the leaders repelled the first anti-communist upsurge of the Kuomintang diehards.
In 1940
In January, he published "On New Democracy", which systematically expounded the theory and program of the new democratic revolution.
On March 6, he drafted instructions for the CENTRAL Committee of the Communist Party of China on the issue of political power in the anti-Japanese base areas, proposing the implementation of the "three-three system."
On 11 March, he gave a report entitled "Tactical Issues in the Present Anti-Japanese United Front," summing up the experience of repelling the first anti-communist upsurge, and putting forward the tactical thinking of "developing progressive forces, winning over the middle forces, and opposing stubborn forces" and the principles of reason, benefit, and moderation.
On May 4, he drafted instructions from the Central Committee of the Communist Party of China to the Southeast Bureau and the New Fourth Army, stressing the need to let go of the expansion of the army and resist the attack of the anti-communist diehards, pointing out the need to adopt a policy of struggle and "cope with possible sudden events of a national nature."
In late June, a report was made at the meeting of the Political Bureau of the CPC Central Committee, analyzing the international situation and its impact on China's War of Resistance, and pointed out: We must be vigilant against sudden incidents launched by the diehard Kuomintang faction, and we must also strive to improve the situation.
In November, he drafted a telegram (Jiadian) by Zhu De, Peng Dehuai, Ye Ting, Xiang Yingfu and He Yingqin and Bai Chongxi, explicitly refuting Haodian's unreasonable accusations against the Eighth Route Army and the New Fourth Army.
In December, he talked with comrades who had returned from the front to study at the Central Party School, stressing the importance of cadres being proficient in Marxism-Leninism.
In 1941
In early January, the Anhui Incident occurred.
On January 20, he drafted an order for the Central Military Commission of the CPC Central Committee to rebuild the Military Headquarters of the New Fourth Army, and issued a speech to a Xinhua reporter on the incident in southern Anhui, solemnly proposing twelve ways to solve the incident in southern Anhui.
On May 1, the "Administrative Program of the Shaanxi-Gansu-Ningxia Border Region", which was reviewed and rewritten and approved by the Political Bureau of the CPC Central Committee, was issued, stipulating that the construction of political power in the border area should implement the principle of "three three systems".
On May 8, the Party directive drafting the "Summary on Repelling the Second Anti-Communist Upsurge" put forward the tactical ideas of "fighting against each other and pulling against pulling" and winning over the middle.
On May 19, at the Yan'an Cadre Conference, he delivered a report entitled "Transforming Our Study", proposing to oppose subjectivism and expound the ideological principle of seeking truth from facts.
On August 1, the Decision on Investigation and Research was drafted for the Central Committee of the Communist Party of China.
From September 10 to October 22, he attended the enlarged meeting of the Politburo of the CPC Central Committee and gave a report against subjectivism and sectarianism.
On September 26, the Central Committee of the Communist Party of China issued the Decision on the Advanced Study Group, establishing a Central Study Group headed by Mao Zedong.
In the autumn and winter, he successively presided over the editing of the party's historical documents such as "Since the Sixth National Congress", "Before the Six Congresses", and "Two Lines".
In 1942
On February 1, he gave a report on "Rectifying the Party's Work Style" at the opening ceremony of the Party School of the CPC Central Committee.
On February 8, he delivered a speech entitled "Eight Units of the Opposition Party" at a meeting of cadres convened by the Propaganda Department of the CPC Central Committee.
In May, he delivered a speech and concluded at the Yan'an Forum of Literary and Art Workers.
On September 7, he wrote an editorial for Yan'an's Liberation Daily, arguing that streamlining the military and streamlining the administration was an extremely important policy.
In December, he submitted a long written report entitled "Economic issues and financial issues" to the meeting of senior cadres of the Northwest Bureau of the CPC Central Committee, discussing the general policy of financial and economic work of "developing the economy and ensuring supply".
In 1943
On March 20, he was presumed to be chairman of the Politburo and chairman of the Secretariat of the CPC Central Committee at a meeting of the Politburo of the CPC Central Committee.
On May 26, at the cadre conference convened by the Secretariat of the Central Committee of the Communist Party of China, he delivered the "Report on the Dissolution of the Communist International".
On June 1, a decision on leadership methods was drafted for the Central Committee of the Communist Party of China.
On July 1, he wrote to Kang Sheng, pointing out that the work of "preventing adultery" should be investigated and studied, distinguish between right and wrong, educate the masses, and oppose "coercion, confession, and letter."
On July 12, he wrote an editorial for Yan'an's Liberation Daily entitled "Questioning the Kuomintang," exposing the conspiracy of the Kuomintang diehards to attack the Shaanxi-Gansu-Ningxia Border Region.
From early September to early October, he presided over a meeting convened by the Politburo of the CPC Central Committee during this period to criticize Wang Ming's mistakes in "Left" adventurism during the ten-year civil war and the mistakes of Right opportunism in the early stage of the War of Resistance Against Japanese Aggression.
In December, the inscription "Seeking Truth from Facts" was inaugurated for the auditorium of the Central Party School.
In 1944
On April 12 and May 20, he gave lectures on study and the current situation at the meeting of high-level cadres of the Northwest Bureau of the CPC Central Committee and the first part of the Central Party School.
On May 15, through Lin Boqu, who was negotiating with the Kuomintang representatives in Xi'an, he submitted an opinion drafted by him as the specific content of the negotiations. The opinion letter puts forward twenty opinions on the issue of national politics and the outstanding cases of the two parties.
On May 21, he was elected Chairman of the Central Committee and Chairman of the Presidium of the Seventh Central Committee at the Seventh Plenary Session of the Enlarged Sixth Central Committee of the Communist Party of China.
On June 5, the drafted Instructions of the Central Committee of the Communist Party of China on Urban Work was discussed and adopted at the Seventh Plenary Session of the Sixth Central Committee of the Communist Party of China.
From June to August, he met with members of the Northwest Delegation of Chinese and foreign journalists and members of the US Military Observation Group in Yan'an to expound on the CPC's anti-Japanese policy and the relationship between the KUOMINTANG and the COMMUNIST Party.
In July 1944, Mao Zedong welcomed the U.S. Military Observation Group at a meeting
On September 8, he delivered a speech entitled "Serving the People" at Zhang Side's memorial service.
On October 31, he presided over the presidium meeting of the Seventh Plenary Session of the Sixth Central Committee of the Communist Party of China, and decided to send Wang Zhen and Wang Shoudao to lead their troops to the south to "establish a base area with Hengshan as the center."
In November, Hurley, Zhou Enlai and other personal representatives of US President Franklin D. Roosevelt, held several talks on the relationship between the Kuomintang and the Communist Party and reached a five-point draft agreement. The draft agreement was rejected by Chiang Kai-shek.
In 1945
On April 20, he attended the last meeting of the Seventh Plenary Session of the Sixth Central Committee of the Communist Party of China, which basically adopted the "Resolution on Several Historical Issues", which was repeatedly and importantly revised by Mao Zedong.
From April 23 to June 11, he presided over the Seventh National Congress of the Communist Party of China, delivered opening speeches ("The Destiny of Two Chinas") and closing speeches ("Yugong Moving Mountains"), and submitted a written political report on "On Coalition Government" to the congress. The congress decided to take Mao Zedong Thought as the guideline for all the work of the whole party.
Mao Zedong and Zhu De discussed the report on the rostrum of the Seventh National Congress of the Communist Party of China
On June 19, he was elected chairman of the Central Committee at the First Plenary Session of the Seventh Central Committee of the Communist Party of China.
In July, he held talks with six people, including National Suffragettes Chu Fucheng and Huang Yanpei, on the relations between the Kuomintang and the Communist Party. Talking about the "new road" of democracy, we have jumped out of the "cyclical law" of the rise and fall of political parties and groups.
Mao Zedong and Huang Yanpei talk at yan'an airport
On August 9, a statement entitled "The Last War Against the Japanese Kou" was issued.
On August 13, he delivered a speech entitled "The Situation After the Victory of the War of Resistance Against Japan and Our Policy," proposing to implement the policy of tit-for-tat confrontation and every inch of land for the Kuomintang, and strive for peace and democracy in the country.
On August 28, he went to Chongqing to hold peace talks with Chiang Kai-shek.
Mao Zedong and Chiang Kai-shek
On September 2, the Japanese government officially signed the instrument of surrender. China's War of Resistance Against Japanese Aggression ended in victory.
On October 10, the Minutes of the Talks between the National Government and representatives of the Communist Party of China (the "Double Tenth Agreement") were signed in Chongqing. On the 11th, he returned to Yan'an.
On October 17, at the Yan'an Cadres' Meeting, he gave a report on the Chongqing negotiations, pointing out that the Chinese revolution "has a bright future and a tortuous road."
On December 28, the instructions for the establishment of a consolidated base area in the northeast were drafted.
In 1946
In April, he wrote "Some Estimates on the Current International Situation".
On June 26, the Kuomintang army launched a large-scale attack on the Liberated Areas of the Central Plains, and a full-scale civil war broke out.
On July 4, the strategic decision of the Field Army on the Southern Front was made to "fight a few victorious battles on the inner front and then move on to the outer front."
On July 20, the party directive "Crushing Chiang Kai-shek's Offensive in the War of Self-Defense" was drafted.
On August 6, he met with American journalist Strong and put forward the famous thesis that "all reactionaries are paper tigers."
On September 16, the Central Military Commission of the Communist Party of China drafted instructions entitled "Concentrate Superior Forces and Annihilate the Enemy individually."
On October 1, he drafted party instructions for the Central Committee of the Communist Party of China to sum up the experience of the three-month war.
On November 18, the name "People's Liberation War" was used for the first time in an intra-party directive drafted for the Central Committee of the Communist Party of China.
In 1947
On March 18, he led the Central Organs of the Communist Party of China and the headquarters of the People's Liberation Army to evacuate Yan'an and began a year-long campaign in northern Shaanxi.
Turned to northern Shaanxi
From March to August, he led the Northwest Field Army to win victories in the battles of Qinghua, Yangmahe, Panlong, and Shajiadian, and smashed the Kuomintang's key offensive against the liberated areas of northern Shaanxi.
From July 21 to 23, a meeting of the Central Committee of the Communist Party of China was presided over in Xiaohe Village, Jingbian County, northern Shaanxi, and the idea of a five-year solution to Chiang Kai-shek's struggle (counting from July 1946) was put forward. Before and after this, the three major armies of Liu Deng, Chen Su, and Chen Xie were deployed to cross the Yellow River and turn into a strategic offensive.
In October, the Declaration of the people's liberation army of the Chinese was drafted, with the slogan "Down with Chiang Kai-shek and Liberate All Of China".
In November, the "How to Divide the Classes" and the "Decision on Some Issues in the Land Struggle" drafted in 1933 were reissued to the whole Party to guide the correct development of the land reform movement in the Liberated Areas.
From December 25 to 28, a meeting of the CPC Central Committee (i.e., the December meeting) was presided over in Yangjiagou County, Mizhi County, northern Shaanxi Province, to which a written report entitled "The Present Situation and Our Tasks" was submitted, and ten military principles and three major economic programs of new democracy were put forward.
In 1948
On January 18, a draft decision entitled "Several Important Issues in current Party Policy" was drafted for the Central Committee of the Communist Party of China.
On March 23, the war in northern Shaanxi was over, and the Yellow River was crossed in the east and went to the Liberated Area of North China.
Mao Zedong boarded a boat at Chuankou in Wubao County, northern Shaanxi, and crossed the Yellow River to the Liberated Areas of North China
On April 1, he delivered an important speech at the meeting of cadres of Caijiaya and Jinsui in Xingxian County, Shanxi Province, expounding the party's general line of the new democratic revolution and the general line of land reform.
From April 30 to May 7, an enlarged meeting of the Secretariat of the CPC Central Committee was presided over in Chengnanzhuang, Fuping County, Hebei Province, and put forward several opinions on leading the war to the Kuomintang-ruled areas, developing production, and strengthening discipline.
On May 1, he wrote a letter to Li Jishen and Shen Junru proposing that a democratic coalition government should be established and that a new political consultative conference should be convened first.
On May 27, we arrived at Xibaipo Village, Pingshan County, Hebei Province, where the CPC Central Working Committee is located.
From September 8 to 13, he presided over a meeting of the Political Bureau of the CPC Central Committee in Xibaipo to make an important report on war, national construction, finance and economics.
From September to January of the following year, he organized and commanded the three strategic decisive battles of Liaoshen, Huaihai, and Pingjin, and gathered the main forces of the Kuomintang army north of the Yangtze River.
On December 30, he wrote a 1949 New Year's message for Xinhua News Agency, "Carrying the Revolution through to the End.".
In 1949
In March, he presided over the Second Plenary Session of the Seventh Central Committee of the Communist Party of China, proposing guidelines and basic policies for realizing the shift of the focus of the Party's work, winning national victories, and building a new China.
Mao Zedong delivered a report at the Second Plenary Session of the Seventh Central Committee of the Communist Party of China
On March 25, he led the CENTRAL Committee of the Communist Party of China and the headquarters of the People's Liberation Army to Beiping.
On April 21, when the Nanjing government refused to accept the Internal Peace Agreement, it and Zhu De jointly issued the "Order to March to the Whole Country".
On April 23, the People's Liberation Army occupied Nanjing, composing the poem "Seven Laws: The People's Liberation Army Occupies Nanjing".
Mao Zedong in Xiangshan
From June 15 to 19, he attended the first plenary meeting of the preparatory meeting of the New CPPCC and spoke at the opening ceremony.
On June 30, he published the article "On the People's Democratic Dictatorship".
On July 4, Cheng Qian praised Cheng's anti-Chiang Kai-shek and peaceful settlement of the Hunan issue, and made arrangements for relevant matters.
From September 21 to 30, he attended the first plenary session of the Chinese Political Consultative Conference, delivered an opening speech, and was elected chairman of the Central People's Government. The meeting adopted the Common Program, drafted under the auspices of Zhou Enlai and revised by him.
On October 1, the People's Republic of China was founded, and at the founding ceremony, it solemnly declared: "The Central People's Government of the People's Republic of China was established today!" ”
Mao Zedong at the founding ceremony
Long live the great Communist Party of China! Long live the invincible Mao Zedong Thought!
Xinhua Gate