Eye drops are the most important way to use drugs for ophthalmic diseases, and they are also one of the common drugs in life. But you know what? Small eye drops also have university questions.
What are the types of eye drops?
The general classification of eye drops according to treatment and function is:
1
Anti-inflammatory (bacteria, viruses, fungi, etc.) eye drops, such as tobramycin eye drops, acyclovir eye drops.
2
Eye drops for dry eyes, such as sodium hyaluronate eye drops.
3
Eye drops that lower intraocular pressure, such as Thimasa Eye Drops.
4
Eye drops that affect pupils, such as pilocarpine eye drops for constricting pupils, atropine eye drops for mydriasis.
5
Anti-allergic eye drops, such as sodium chromoside eye drops.
6
Corticosteroids and non-corticosteroid-like anti-inflammatory drugs, such as Pepter, Punan chlorpyrifolim and other eye drops.
7
Drugs for the treatment of cataracts, glutathione eye drops.
8
Surface anesthetics, such as alcaine eye drops.
9
Eye drops to relieve eye strain, such as digitalis a horse chestnut biscoside eye drops.
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Principles of use of eye drops:
● Follow the doctor's instructions to take drugs, do not use drugs without authorization, for a long time, and without regularity;
● Personalized treatment according to the patient's situation;
● Pay attention to systemic and local toxic side effects;
Proper use and precautions
Wash your hands
Before eye drops, wash your hands to prevent contamination.
Check the drug name and check the shelf life
Check that the eye drops you are using are within the validity period. Generally, the validity period of 5mL and 8mL small bottles of eye drops is one month, and some special eye drops are valid for 7-14 days, which need to be used according to medical advice. A single small package of 0.04mL eye drops is often disposable or used up on the same day after opening.
Eye drops
Choose a comfortable and safe position, the head should be leaned back, gently pull the lower eyelid with your fingers, look up, at a distance of 1-2cm from the eyeball, eye drops in the groove (conjunctival sac) of the lower eyelid, or point to the white eyeball (conjunctiva) can also be, do not put the eye drop directly on the black eyeball (cornea). After pointing, gently pull the upper eyelid with your hand, and then close your eyes for 3-5 minutes to rest, so that the eye drops can be applied evenly to the surface of the eyes.
Press the tear dot
After the eye drops, at the same time, press the inner corner of the eye with your hands for about 3-5 minutes to make the eye drops work fully.
Precautions
Before taking the drug, be sure to read the drug instructions, understand the name of the drug, dosage, precautions, side effects, contraindications, etc., if in doubt must not be used, to consult a doctor before use;
If you apply more than two kinds of potions at the same time, you should first order one, after about 5-10 minutes, and then use the other one;
After the bottle mouth is opened, do not touch other objects, including eyelid skin, eyelashes, etc., and cover tightly after use to avoid contaminating the drug;
After using eye drops, if itching, swelling or flushing around the skin of the eyes appears, immediately stop taking the drug and see a doctor;
If the eye drops have color changes, odors, foreign bodies and sediments, etc., they are manifestations of deterioration and should never be used again;
Some eye drops are not solutions, but suspensions, and you need to shake them before use, so that the particles are shaken evenly to be effective;
It is also important to preserve the drug, and eye drops should not be placed in places with high temperatures, humidity or direct sunlight, and some need to be refrigerated in the refrigerator.
The main toxic side effects of eye drops
Drug-derived dry eye: because most of the eye drops contain preservatives, long-term improper use damage to conjunctival goblet cells, the occurrence of "drier and redder the drier the drug";
Hormonal glaucoma: hormonal eye drops, if used improperly, cause secondary open-angle glaucoma, resulting in decreased vision and impaired visual field;
Extreme cataracts;
Timxa eye drops have β receptor blockers, and patients who are allergic to β receptor blockers will induce serious diseases such as bronchial asthma and arrhythmias;
Dysbacteriosis of the ocular flora, the development of drug resistance and resistance;
What eye drops should not be used on a daily basis?
To red blood "net red eye drops" tetrahydrozolin hydrochloride and so on
Most of them are added with adrenergic receptor agonists, which reduce eye congestion by constricting blood vessels and achieving the effect of "redness".
Abuse of adrenoceptor agonists may pose some risks, such as exacerbating cardiovascular or endocrine diseases, causing dilated pupils, and even leading to acute attacks of angle-closure glaucoma;
Hormonal eye drops (corticosteroids)
For example, there are Bailite eye drops and Dianbishu eye drops, which cause the risk of secondary open-angle glaucoma;
Antibiotic eye drops
Long-term use can lead to ocular flora imbalance, developing resistance and drug resistance; preservatives in eye drops can also lead to dry eye disease;
How to choose and use artificial tears?
Dry eye is one of the most common eye diseases in ophthalmology clinics, usually manifesting as eye fatigue, foreign body sensation, dryness, burning sensation, soreness and eye congestion. There are many ways to treat dry eye in the clinic, the main purpose is to supplement the tear component and reduce the loss of tear fluid, of which artificial tears is a common eye drop that imitates human tears.
You need to choose according to the type of dry eye you have:
Dry eyes with insufficient tear secretion (postoperative population of myopia surgery, people wearing contact lenses, etc.) Commonly used drugs include sodium hyaluronate eye drops, sodium carboxymethylcellulose eye drops, etc.;
Dry eyes with excessive evaporation (elderly patients with meibomian gland dysfunction and other elderly patients) commonly used drugs include carbomer eye drops;
People with mucin-deficient dry eyes (especially those with dry eyes often with corneal epithelial lesions and those with dry eyes who are ineffective with traditional artificial tears) have 3% dequafossoe eye drops.
Choose based on symptoms and ocular condition:
Patients with mild dry eyes prefer artificial tears with low viscosity, and artificial tears with high viscosity are preferred for moderate to severe dry eyes.
Patients with long-term high-frequency use:
Artificial tears without preservatives are preferred.
Eye care tips for daily dry eye patients
Blink more eyes, increase instantaneous movements;
Work for 30-40 minutes, you can rest with your eyes closed and reduce evaporation;
Use humidifiers, etc. to increase air humidity;
Pay attention to dietary collocation and eat more vegetables with more vitamin A.
Author | Beijing Dianli Hospital Qian Yong
Source: Beijing 114 appointment registration