(Portrait of Huang Taiji)
The eighth year of Chongde, 1643 AD.
The second emperor of the Qing Empire, Ai Xinjueluo Huang Taiji, died.
This emperor can be said to be an all-rounder of literature and martial arts.
Internally, reform the post-Gold system, promote the Sinicization system, and develop national strength and people's livelihood.
Externally, he punched Songshan (the name of the city), kicked Jinzhou, and destroyed more than 80 cities in Shandong.
Very strong, really strong.
According to the author's words, although the time of the appearance of Huang Taiji in history is more embarrassing, before there was his father Nurhaci to expand the territory and lay the great cause of the dynasty, and then there was a son Shunzhi who entered the Central Plains and opened the situation of the Qing Dynasty, we can not ignore the existence of Huang Taiji.
This was a great emperor, and what he did was not far from the legendary emperors in Chinese history, such as Liu Bang, Liu Xiu, and Zhu Yuanzhang.
But unfortunately, the protagonist of today's article is not him.
This emperor died in Chongde for eight years, only one step away from the dream of the Jin ancestors after the dynasty, to destroy the Ming Dynasty and become the master of the Central Plains.
With unfinished dreams, with ambitions that are about to be completed, the Emperor Taiji Dragon rides the guests.
The former emperor had eleven sons, and according to the rules, the eldest son Hauge took the throne.
However, Emperor Taiji's younger brother Dorgon was not convinced.
The Central Plains regimes, such as Daming, emphasized the inheritance system of "having a concubine and not having a concubine", according to this system, Hauge took the throne is no problem.
But Dorgon believed that the Qing Dynasty was a regime established by the Jurchens, so why should it emulate the Han system everywhere?
Since there is no need to emulate the Han system, then the throne should be occupied by the able.
Looking at the Royal Family of the Qing Dynasty, who is the most capable?
The first to none, of course, was Dorgon, who had been fighting under the command of Emperor Taiji for many years.
As a result, there is an irreconcilable contradiction between Hauge and Dorgon.
(Portrait of Dolgun)
Both wanted to be emperors, and neither of them would budge.
But the two men had a long stalemate, and neither of them could make anyone the emperor.
At this time, the Qing Dynasty was sitting on the land of Liaodong, and the state affairs were getting busier and busier, and the Manchu Dynasty Wenwuquan pointed to the new emperor to ascend the throne, leading everyone to achieve good results and climb the peak again, so the imperial throne could not always be so empty.
In the spirit of the mentality that I can't be the emperor and can't make you feel good, the stalemated Hauge and Dorgon finally gave in to each other, neither of us should be the emperor, let's choose a suitable emperor among the heirs of the previous emperor, we will be the assistant ministers, and it will not be the end of the matter to assist him together.
The two were chosen, and finally the ninth son of Emperor Taiji, Ai XinJue Luo Fu Lin.
It is reasonable to say that there are many heirs of the Emperor Taiji, some can fight, some know how to strategize, and some have a high level of education, no matter how to choose, they cannot choose Fu Lin's body.
But both Dorgon and Hauge chose him without exception.
There are, of course, thought-provoking reasons behind this.
Choosing the oldest to be the emperor is not easy to control.
Fu Lin was only six years old, just a small child, the lord was suspicious of the country, and the two of them were assistant ministers, so wasn't that the same as being the second emperor?
Anyway, being an emperor is also for fun, and being an auxiliary minister can also be enjoyable, so why not enjoy it?
So, Fu Lin was chosen.
In the third year of Chongde, in 1638 AD, Fu Lin ascended the throne in 95, and the following year, he changed his name to Yuan Shunzhi.
The emperor ascended the throne at the age of six, which was the time when the lord was suspicious of the country. But Comrade Fu Lin was very different from the puppet emperors who ascended the throne at a young age.
He was a very assertive little friend.
On the eve of the enthronement ceremony, Fu Lin wanted to go to the Du Gong Hall to worship the ancestors, the palace people brought out a roof to invite Fu Lin to ride, his nursing mother felt that Fu Lin was young, and it might not be safe to sit alone in the car, so he proposed to ride with Fu Lin and go with Fu Lin, unexpectedly, he was rejected by Fu Lin.
Fu Lin said this:
This is not a good ride. - "Records of the Ancestors of the Qing Dynasty"
Fu Lin understood that Ren was the exclusive car of the Son of Heaven, and only he was worthy to ride on this car.
I can sit, you want to do, take a taxi yourself.
The young Fu Lin showed at this moment his unassailable imperial dignity.
But as he grew older, the Shunzhi Emperor (Fu Lin's era name) suddenly found that although he was the son of heaven, there were always two people who challenged his authority when he had nothing to do, and these two people were Hauge and Dolgun.
Dorgon was out on expeditions for many years and did not return to Shengjing (the capital of the Qing Dynasty at that time was in Shenyang), but Comrade Hauge controlled the power of the government in the court for many years, colluded with his henchmen, colluded with him, and from time to time gave Shunzhi a look, which made the Shunzhi Emperor very annoyed.
By generation, you are my brother, and I should respect you.
But according to the liturgical guidelines, I am the Son of Heaven, and you are a courtier, and you should bow down to me and be respectful. You are helping me to ascend the throne, but you can't kick your nose in the face, look at this crazy you, see you are going to ride on top of my head.
Shunzhi, who had always been strong and competitive, could not bear it, and at this moment, a minister handed a fold to the emperor, the content of which was to accuse Hauge of betraying the lord and wanting to rebel.
Of course, Comrade Hauge could not rebel, because he had long been a very popular subject, no different from being an emperor, and even if he wanted to rebel, the first person he would have to deal with should be his old rival Dolgun.
Therefore, this minister who is folded on the fold must have been arranged by Shunzhi.
This move directly yin Hauge.
Shunzhi pretended to be angry, and in the name of rebellion, he directly swept Hauge to the end and reduced him to a commoner.
(Opulent image)
Fast forward to March 1644.
According to the Qing Dynasty, it is the first year of Shunzhi, and according to the Ming Dynasty, it is the seventeenth year of Chongzhen.
This year, Italian scientist Torrizzo used experiments to determine the threshold of atmospheric pressure.
The future Great Khan of the Dzungar Khanate, Kaldan, had just been born.
During the British Bourgeois Revolution, large-scale battles broke out in Macedonia between the British Parliamentary Army and the King's Guard.
It's been a year of ups and downs.
In this year, Li Zicheng, the leader of the peasant rebel army, attacked the city of Beijing, and the Chongzhen Emperor of Daming hanged himself, and the Ming Dynasty, which lasted for 276 years, was declared extinct.
A new era has begun.
Kyoshi fell, and Shunzhi could not sit still outside the Pass.
Generations of ancestors painstakingly fought with the Ming Dynasty, and it was difficult to beat Daming down, and this YangLuoer could not let Li Zicheng pick it up.
If you want to lead the Central Plains and compete with Li Zicheng, you must enter the Central Plains from Liaodong.
From Liaodong to the Central Plains?
The first choice, of course, is Shanhaiguan. (Qinhuangdao, Hebei)
Coincidentally, at this time, Daming's general at Shanhaiguan, Wu Sangui, was an old treacherous egoist, and when he saw that Daming was going to die, he decisively defected and surrendered to the Qing Dynasty.
Wu Sangui opened the city gate, and the Qing army Ran in at Shunshan Customs.
Nurhaci, the supreme warrior, the insane emperor Taiji, their lifelong desire was finally realized in the Shunzhi generation.
The long-driving Qing army quickly defeated Li Zicheng's team, and Brother Li was defeated for a while, was hastily defeated, and the city of Beijing changed hands again.
When Shunzhi entered the city of Beijing, he immediately held another enthronement ceremony and announced:
"Ding Ding YanJing, in order to appease China." —— Records of Emperor Zuzhang of the Great Qing Dynasty
There are dynasties in the Jiangshan Dynasty, and now it is our turn to be the masters of the Great Qing Dynasty.
The city of Beijing was taken down, but there are still many turbulent forces throughout the country.
Although the old Zhu family lost Jiangshan and abandoned Beijing, they established the "Southern Ming Small Imperial Court" in the south and continued to confront the Qing Dynasty.
Peasant rebels everywhere, such as Li Zicheng and Zhang Xianzhong, although they had a deep hatred for the decadent rule of the late Ming Dynasty, did not want the good rivers and mountains to fall into the hands of the Manchu Qing, so they continued to wander around and stubbornly resisted.
If you look at it this way, Shunzhi has just ascended to dabao and is facing an extremely turbulent society.
But fortunately, inside the court, Empress Xiaozhuang, the wife of Emperor Taiji, assisted Shunzhi in governing the political arena of the Qing Dynasty in an orderly manner, and outside the government and the opposition, Dorgon fought bravely, quelled the chaos everywhere, and laid a great foundation for the emperor step by step.
For the Qing Dynasty, this was a good thing, there were virtuous queens in the family, and there were loyal subjects to protect the country when they went out.
But for the emperor himself, life was not good.
The affairs of the government and politics are decided by Empress Xiaozhuang in everything, and she cannot mix it up at all.
(Portrait of Empress Xiaozhuang)
In foreign military affairs, Dorgon was crowned regent and had full authority to handle it, and he did not have any say at all.
An emperor who has no sovereignty and whose words do not count is a puppet emperor.
There are even rumors that his mother, Empress Xiaozhuang, and his uncle Dorgon are close to each other, and it is likely that they have a leg.
The emperor was very broken, but he couldn't help it, he was still young, he couldn't pro-government, and his words didn't count, he could only endure.
Bear with me, after all, he is still young.
This situation continued until the seventh year of Shunzhi, 1650 AD.
Dorgon, who has always been an assertive person, died of illness and received a bento.
The emperor was finally able to take the throne himself, and this year, he was fourteen years old.
The emperor's deeds and achievements during this period will not be said for the time being, but what we want to say is a woman named Dong Efei.
She was the emperor's favorite concubine, but because she was born weak, she spent several years with the Shunzhi Emperor and died.
Our Shunzhi comrade is an infatuated species, and the death of Dong Efei has dealt a very big blow to him.
He couldn't eat anymore, couldn't sleep soundly, and opened his eyes and closed his eyes to be the beautiful shadow of Concubine Dong.
(Dong Efei image)
However, the Qing Dynasty had just been established, the Central Plains were in ruins and waiting to be revived, and the emperor had no choice but to suppress the pain and turn endless sorrow into a driving force for work.
One by one, he handled the recitals, and one by one the state affairs were resolved by him.
He laid a solid foundation for the future prosperity of the Qing Empire.
But suddenly one day, the Shunzhi Emperor made a decision that surprised everyone.
The specific day is too old to be verified, but the decision made by the emperor is explosive.
He decided to voluntarily give up the throne and become a monk.
You know, the last monarch who took the initiative to give up the throne was Yan Jun, the monarch of the Yan State in the Warring States period.
And this concession, more than two thousand years have passed.
It is easy to claim the king and dominate, and it is not too difficult to win the ninth five- and nine-five.
Striving for excellence, reform and progress, and great ambition are the common qualities of many excellent emperors.
In the five thousand years of Chinese history, nearly 400 emperors have been born, and half of them can be mixed to the middle or above.
It is not unusual to be an emperor, and it is even more unusual to be a good emperor.
But being an emperor who knows how to give up is even more difficult.
Perhaps it was the day-to-day labor that caused the Shunzhi Emperor to become bored with the throne.
Perhaps it was the sudden death of Concubine Dong E, who was red-faced, who struck deeply at this infatuated emperor.
Perhaps he was a deep believer in Buddhism in his early years and was subtly influenced by this Eastern philosophy.
Maybe....
There may be many possibilities, but the emperor's central idea is very clear, the emperor loves who does who does, I am not doing.
Shunzhi wanted to pick a fight, and those ministers who watched Shunzhi grow up and were loyal to the Qing Dynasty and the emperor did not do it.
Let's look at a line from the TV series "Kangxi Dynasty".
Shunzhi was about to resign and become a monk, and the ministers were shocked.
The emperor is diligent, capable, virtuous, and properly mingjun, how can he say that if he does not do it, he will not do it?
(Sony portrait)
These ministers desperately tried their best to advise, and outside the shunzhi Emperor's palace, the founding loyal minister Sonny said this:
Fu Lin! Fu Lin!
Love Shin Kyora Fu Lin!
You are the son of Ai Xinjue Luo, the founding prince of the Great Qing Dynasty!
Fu Lin! You ascended the throne at the age of six! Young pro-government, sword splitting throne, thousands of miles of personal conquest, suppressing the former Ming rebels, illuminating the ancestors!
This passage is very loud, sad and decisive.
Teacher Zhu Yidan, who played the Minister of Sony, can be said to have vividly interpreted the mood of the Qing Dynasty ministers at that time.
In the face of such a ming emperor, the ministers did not agree to his Zen position.
Although this paragraph is a TV series performance, it is a portrayal of the life of the Shunzhi Emperor.
He emerged from the crisis-ridden struggle for imperial power and became the supreme ruler of the world at the age of six.
After Wenzhi Wugong entered the Central Plains, in order to sit on the throne, he grew up in the shadow of the sword and light sword, and grew up in the devious conspiracy.
Quell the rebellion of the peasant rebel army and suppress the remnants of the Southern Ming regime.
He brought a turbulent nascent dynasty on track step by step.
And now, he's going to give it all up.
His actions remind me of a song, although this song seems to have nothing to do with the history of the feudal dynasty, but looking at shunzhi's life experience, the first thing that flashed in my mind were these two lyrics:
I have crossed mountains and seas, and I have also crossed the sea of people.
Everything I once had was like smoke in the blink of an eye. - "The Ordinary Road"
Of course, even if I didn't need to summarize Shunzhi's life, he personally left an ancient poem "Praise the Monk" to tell his heart.
I am a Western son, why did I fall in the imperial family! - "The Monk of Praise"
This is not fiction, not a novel beautification, but the autograph of the Shunzhi Emperor.
Perhaps, in the eighteen years of ups and downs, the Shunzhi Emperor had already seen through the power and red dust, and what emperors would be in phase, qianqiu hegemony, was no longer important to him.
Dynasties have been repeated, time has rotated day and night, Shunzhi, and has been completely detached.
On the second day of the first lunar month of the eighteenth year of Shunzhi, it was night.
The city of Beijing is full of joy, thousands of households are brightly lit, firecrackers are rising and falling, and people are celebrating the arrival of the New Year.
The Shunzhi Emperor, who was bent on converting to Buddhism, was repeatedly blocked by his ministers, sullen and unhappy, went out on outings, actually contracted smallpox, and died shortly after returning to Beijing.
In addition to appointing the emperor's third son Xuan Ye (Kangxi) as the crown prince to inherit the throne, the emperor's will also listed his fourteen sins.
Such things as disobedience to the ancestral system, excessive Sinicization, reuse of Han officials, and connivance with courtiers are almost a complete denial of the most glorious deeds of his life.
(Shunzhi portrait)
As he wrote in his poem:
Eighteen years of unfreedom, when will the Southern Expedition and the Northern War be suspended?
Leave your hands and go back to the mountains, and take care of your ten thousand generations and thousand autumns.
Yes, there have been many emperors throughout the ages, but there is only one emperor like Shunzhi.