<h1 class="pgc-h-arrow-right" data-track="2" > starting from the origin of human civilization, reshaping your cognition and seeing the world in a higher place - this is the ultimate discourse on the fate of mankind! </h1>
We have roughly sorted out the modern classical philosophy of the West, and have been in contact with a concept - "logic", so what is logic? The concept of "logic", which was first unclear in ancient Greece, was expressed only as logos (Latin logo), generally referring to all the comprehensible laws of the world, with the meaning of "speech and order", and the Logos of this period was also used to express a certain law that did not distinguish between subject and object.
Then, when it recognized that the relationship between the perceptual object and the perception itself might be the same thing, the logos concept gradually extended the concept of "logic" ( logic " . The first use of the concept of "logic" was Aristotle, but he did not use the word, which later evolved from the Latin logo.
Then Aristotle gave a definition of "logic" called "inevitable derivation", that is, the logic recognized by Aristotle at that time only refers to deductive logic (deductive reasoning), that is, if the big premise is given, and then the small premise is given, the conclusion is certain and unique, and he calls this thing "logic".
Then, based on our discussion of the entire epistemological hierarchy, and the later expansive development of logic, we know today that logic contains two meanings: one is the transcendental lattice of mental reasoning, and the other is the inevitable derivation.
Then what we usually call logic only refers to the logic of thinking, or the logic of rational thinking, that is, our past logical concepts, which are only expressed in the stage of rational reasoning. But there is a question here, rational logic and intellectual, perceptual and even lower-level induction, what is the relationship between them? This question cannot be explored. And the philosophers of the past, including Kant, including Hegel, including contemporary logicians, all scholars believe that logic, reason, even sensibility, intellect- the sum of reason, is only possessed by human beings, and they call this thing reason, wisdom, and spirit, which is exclusive to mankind.
But by the development of the natural sciences in the 19th and 20th centuries, it is now very clear to us that the human perceptual system was gradually created at the level of biological evolution. And we will find that the basis of rational logic is intellectual logic. As I said earlier, formal logic is the rational expression of intellectual logic, so what is the basis of intellectual logic? Perceptual logic.
Once we used to speak of senses, sensibility, sensations, we would never associate it with logic. But as we know today, it is only a lattice reorganization sequence at the bottom of or behind our conscious mind, so of course it is also called logic. Let me give you an example, we just enter "0" and "1" into the computer today - a lot of digits, but the computer will present us with a very realistic whole image. For example, you make games - video games, virtual games, you can play football on this football field, you can drive a car, the scene is realistic, but what do you enter into it? What you put into it is a series of "0" and "1" information elements.
So what do you think about our sensibility? For vision, the outside world gives us only light quanta; for hearing, it gives us only input vibrational waves; for smell and taste, it inputs us only a certain molecule—a molecule that is beneficial or unfavorable to our body,but we put it into a realistic appearance. Obviously, it must be behind the center of sight, the center of hearing, and the whole center of perception, and there must be a system of collation logic under it that we cannot mobilize—that is, a system of information rectification according to the law and in a certain order, and the result of this rectification is our perceptual appearance.
Therefore, even if we cannot mobilize it today, and cannot find its specific expression of this lattice, we can be sure that there is a priori rectification lattice behind it, so we regard it as perceptual logic. I believe that as the amount of human information increases further, this thing will eventually be sorted out. Then we have a complete logical channel.
Strictly speaking, there is another layer under it, which is the logic of electromagnetic induction. For example, if an electron and a positive charge touch a proton, this way of reacting is also carried out according to a fixed lattice. It's just that in this logical channel, I call it generalized logic. And we name the rational logic of the past thinking as the narrow logic.
In the past, when we only discussed narrow logic, we did not discuss generalized logic, and without discussing generalized logic, a series of questions occurred - that is, what is the source of logic? How does logic unfold? Then we can clearly find in this channel of generalized logic: the more primitive and low-level logic, the simpler its logical structure and logical lattice; the more advanced and compensatory high-end logical form, the more complex its logical structure and logical lattice must be.
This is completely consistent with the physical structure of matter, that is, in the metamorphological structure, we will see that the metamorphological structure is a continuous superposition and continuous process: the atomic structure is superimposed on the particle structure; the atomic structure continues to be ordered, which is the molecular structure; the molecular structure continues to be in order, which is the cell structure, or the gene structure to the cell structure; the cell continues to be residual, reorganized into a multicellular organism, which is called the body structure; the structure of the body continues to be formed by the residual formation of the body structure at the external level of the body, which is the social structure.
We will find that the solid structure of matter is a superimposed process from simple to complex. Then correspondingly, we will find that in the evolution of this structure, the incremental matching of inductive attributes is also carried out from simple to complex, and the parallel extension of corresponding structural compensation and attribute compensation occurs. In this way we derive the concept of generalized logic. Why should we derive the concept of generalized logic? We'll talk about that later.
Let's look at some of the empirical evidence that can be provided in today's biological research. Let's take a look at the expression of biologically perceptual sequences in contemporary biological research. Inorganic part, I talked about electromagnetic induction, molecular Brownian motion, receptor response on the cell membrane, which we will not talk about, we will talk about the neural response system or the inductive compensatory incremental state of the sub-neural response system, which is intuitively expressed in biological experiments. We talk about this question in order to illustrate how narrow the vision of previous philosophers in thinking of perception and logic as unique to human beings is, and thus to serious deviations in their understanding of these problems.
To know the most primitive organisms, single-celled organisms already have some kind of perceptual ability. It is expressed experimentally in biological experiments as a "kinematic reaction". I'm comparing an example to an anaerobic single cell, where it doesn't need oxygen. Biologists do experiments on such single cells, which are aquatic organisms in water. Then biologists drop an oxygen bubble into the anaerobic single cell water, then these single cells will continue to swim and eventually move away from the oxygen bubble, which is called the dynamic reaction. That is, in the single-cell stage, it has no senses, no nerves, it only has receptor responses on the cell membrane, and it has been able to produce the most elementary directional movement on dependence recognition.
Then it is called "tendency", and the so-called "tendency" I still give examples, such as the phototropism of all cells. We all know that all cells, including single-celled organisms and all life, have their energy source ultimately being solar energy. Then tangible animals, including us humans, in fact, all the food you collect is just a concentration of solar energy, it is just to concentrate the amount of solar energy on plants, animals eat plants, you eat animal meat, in the final analysis it is solar energy. Then, since the main energy on the earth comes from solar energy, then all the primitive single cells of 3.8 billion years ago have a phototropism reaction, that is, the reaction of chasing the light source and surviving.
This reaction is called biological phototropism, it is even expressed in insects "lamp moth fire" phenomenon, it is also expressed in the occurrence of the eye, that is, the complex organ of the eye, in fact, the original single-cell phototropism in a long hundreds of millions of years, gradually developed a photosensitive structure. It is known that this phototropism has been expressed from the original single cell 3.8 billion years ago to today's very stubborn.
For example, if a newborn just opens his eyes, if you hang a light bulb at home and he lies in a small cradle, you will find that his eyes are always staring at the light bulb, which is the expression of primitive biological phototropism in humans. Therefore, you should pay special attention to the baby, the light bulb hanging at home must be very dark, otherwise the light bulb that is too strong will cause the baby's visual injury, which is called the "chemodynamic reaction".
There are many "trophoid reactions", such as the negative geolocus expressed by plants, that is, it always grows against gravity, so it is called negative geolocutivity. You move a tree down, and as long as it's alive, the buds behind the tree turn back and grow, which is called negative tendency. This negative geopathy is biologically expressed very stubbornly. These phototropisms, land tendencies, and negative land tendencies are all reactions of tendencies.
Later, it is called reflex, which is already a higher-level reaction state after the appearance of the neural arc. Then the so-called reflex is the receptor, such as our senses to obtain information to form bioelectricity, through the afferent nerve into the center, the center processed, and then through the outgoing nerve in the form of bioelectricity to the effector, such as arms, such as legs, such as such a from the feeling center, collated to output as a behavioral effect, called the reflex arc. It has formed the intelligent intelligence response state of the neural network system.
Come down again and call it instinct. Everyone knows that animals have instincts, and Darwin specifically expressed animal instincts in his book On the Origin of Species, and animal instincts are very powerful. For example, Darwin discussed the nesting of bees in the species instinct, and its six-sided slot-shaped hive is a kind of building structure that creates the largest space and consumes the least materials.
If you take a mathematical calculation, it is a very complex mathematical equation to deduce. But the bee does not need to do mathematics, it can instinctively build this hive into a structure that saves the most material, has the largest volume, and then has the most stable.
This modular pattern of effective complex reactions is called instinct. For the most part, we humans still have basic reactions that are bound by instinct. By this time the intellect had already appeared.
Come down again and call the motivation. Motivated behavior marks the gradual budding of autonomy, that is, you already have a behavioral plan that sets goals.