Litt in his later years
On February 16, 2021, the holiday of the Lunar New Year, just when the people of the whole country were immersed in the joy of the festival, in Beijing, an old man left us forever.
The old man had a special name— Little.
Speaking of Li Tete, many people's first reaction may be to think, is it the son of Li Yunlong in "Bright Sword"?
The name Litt is indeed more special, but it is not fictional, open her resume, carefully read a few lines, I believe you will also sigh, her life is indeed "special".
Of all the descendants of China's older generation of revolutionaries, Perhaps Li Tete's experience is perhaps the most unique, and her life, like her name, is quite special.
Li Tete's father, Li Fuchun, was a member of the Politburo Standing Committee and vice premier of the State Council; His mother, Cai Chang, served as vice chairman of the Standing Committee of the National People's Congress and chairman of the All-China Women's Federation, and there were two husbands and wives, one at the state level and the other at the vice state level.
Li Tete's uncle was the well-known early revolutionary leader of the CPC, Cai Hesen, who was the same as Mao Zedong and Xiao Zisheng, and called the "Three Friends of the Xiangjiang River", and his aunt was the pioneer of China's women's movement and the only female founder of the CCP, Xiang Jianyu.
It is reasonable to say that a family like Li Tete's family lineage may not be able to find a second person in the history of the Chinese revolution.
Li Te te is the only daughter of Cai Chang and Li Fuchun, and it is said that she should be loved by a thousand people, but since the moment of birth, Li Te te's life has been full of ups and downs.
Sometimes it is said that people are like their names, but there is still a certain truth.
During the revolutionary period, three of Li Tete's relatives were brutally killed by the enemy.
In her memory, her uncle Cai Hesen was nailed to the wall by the enemy with large iron nails and died tragically, the second uncle Cai Linsheng was killed during the 1925 Guangdong Provincial Port Strike, and his body was cut down and thrown in the lake, and his aunt Xiang Jingyu was brutally killed by the enemy at the age of 31.
Li Tete's mother, Cai Chang, and father, Li Fuchun, met and fell in love when they were working and studying in France.
At that time, Cai Chang resisted his father's arranged marriage, ran away from home and went to Changsha, and then came to France with his brother Cai Hesen and sister-in-law Xiang Jingyu.
In Cai Chang's heart, since he had already promised to revolutionize, he had never wanted to live his private life again, so The arrival of Li Tete was a pure accident.
After learning that she was pregnant, Cai Chang's first thought was abortion.
However, at that time in France, the surrounding environment was not allowed, coupled with the opposition of his mother Ge Jianhao and her husband Li Fuchun, Cai Chang gave birth to Li Tete.
At the moment of childbirth, Cai Chang looked at her daughter in her arms and felt fortunate for her decision, and she felt that she had no regrets in this life.
However, for the sake of the revolutionary cause and his own ideals, Cai Chang still decided to undergo sterilization on the delivery bed immediately.
It can be said that Li Tete's life, from birth, is tortuous. She lived in such a house of radical revolutionaries, which was both fortunate and unfortunate.
Li Tete's name was given to her by her grandmother Ge Jianhao, who is not an ordinary person.
Ge Jianhao married at the age of 16 and gave birth to three sons and two daughters, but her husband did not do his job and was idle all day, which Ge Jianhao was very disappointed in.
Ge Jianhao saw that her husband had no cure, so he only wanted to cultivate his children into talents. At the age of 50, Ge Jianhao sold the dowry sent by his mother's family and paid enough for the tuition fee to enter the provincial city academy with his children.
Ge Jianhao's revolutionary family
The in-laws of the female revolutionary Qiu Jin were not far from Ge Jianhao's family, and ge Jianhao accepted a completely new idea from Qiu Jin.
In 1907, Qiu Jin was killed by the Qing Dynasty, ge Jianhao was very sad, and from then on, she constantly encouraged her children to be like Qiu Jin. It can be said that when the sons and daughters embarked on the revolutionary road, almost all of them were influenced by Ge Jianhao.
In 1919, Ge Jianhao borrowed 600 yuan of silver dollars and took her children to study in France, when she was already in her 50s, and she had to follow the young students to eat French.
Because Ge Jianhao's foundation is not good, in the learning process there are more problems than others, she often has a problem to ask immediately, ask her son Cai and Sen impatient, and then go to find her daughter Cai Chang, the daughter is tired, and then go to find her daughter-in-law to the police.
In the end, Ge Jianhao, with tenacious perseverance, nibbled down the French language, and even could talk in French and read French newspapers.
In 1923, her daughter Cai Chang became pregnant.
At that time, Cai Chang decided to have an abortion, but Ge Jianhao said that she would rather give up her job to raise her grandson, and it was under the strong persuasion of Ge Jianhao and Li Fuchun that the child was born.
The name Li Te te was also obtained by Ge Jianhao, at that time in France, Ge Jianhao's pronunciation was not accurate, so he wrote two "Ts", plus her father's surname, it became Li Te ter.
Cai Chang and Li Fuchun are also very satisfied with this name, and they also feel that their daughter was born under special conditions, which is a very appropriate name.
Since then, in addition to having to work to support his family, work and study, and help the revolution, Ge Jianhao has also had one more job, that is, raising his granddaughter.
This three-inch golden lotus-footed old lady, in France, where she was not familiar with life, had to survive by her own efforts, until the Communist Party sent Cai Chang and Li Fuchun to study in the Soviet Union, and she took Li Tete back to China.
In Yongfeng, Hunan, Li Tete spent his childhood with his grandmother.
During that time, although the days were relatively poor, but there was the company of my grandmother, my brother and sister, and life was still somewhat fun after all.
Grandma had a great influence on Little's life, and under Her Grandmother's teaching, Little was far more mature and sensible than other children.
In 1928, in order to facilitate underground work, the party organization decided to use Cai Chang's home in Shanghai as a liaison organ. In order to hide his eyes and ears, Cai Chang sent people to his hometown in Hunan to pick up his mother and 4-year-old daughter Li Tete, Cai Hesen's daughter Cai Ni, and Cai Chang's sister's daughter Liu Ang, forming a big family.
Later, Cai and Sen also came, and these people got together to start a crazy mode, they were often busy outside day and night, and rarely came home.
The heavy responsibility of taking care of these children also fell on Ge Jianhao, who often had to move with his granddaughters in order to avoid the eyes and ears of the enemy.
Little remembers very well that when they moved, Grandma was responsible for keeping confidential documents and funds, and Little's task was to take a basin of water and then put the paper that Grandma had burned into the water and pour it into the toilet.
Every time she moved, Cai Chang changed her surname to Li Tete, who was very incomprehensible and angry, and she couldn't understand why her mother always let her lie.
One day, Li Tete really couldn't help but ask his mother how to always change his surname, Cai Chang said sternly: "Children don't always ask so many why, call you what your last name is, remember well, don't say wrong." ”
Another time, when LiTt was playing, she heard her mother mention the word "tail", and she did not know what to mean, so she went to ask her mother, and she was reprimanded by her mother.
In Litt's childhood memories, the image of the mother is always associated with these reprimands, and at that time Litt did not understand it, but his heart was always very wronged. And whenever this happened, Grandma would always take Li Tete in her arms, and in Grandma's arms, Li Te te felt the only family warmth.
Later, Ge Jianhao returned to his hometown in Hunan, and the original lively big family was left with only Li Fuchun's family of three.
Although it is said that he is around his parents and mothers, at this time, Li Tete truly experienced the loneliest time in his life.
At that time, Cai Chang and Li Fuchun often had to go out on missions, and whenever this happened, poor Li Tete was always left alone at home by them.
Li Tete's mother: Cai Chang
For a while, the place where they lived was small and broken, and when father Li Fuchun and mother Cai Chang went out in the morning, they would put a fritter and a burnt cake on the table, and then tell Li Tete to eat fritters for lunch and burnt cakes for dinner, and then they would lock the door and leave, and it would be a day to leave.
Li Tete ate and drank all over the house, often falling asleep without waiting for his parents to return, and when he woke up the next morning, his parents were already out again, and new fritters and burnt cakes were on the table.
Day after day, sometimes even for days, Little couldn't say a word to his parents.
At that time, Li Tete had just turned 5 years old, and every dark, she looked at the swaying tree shadows outside the window, listened to the rats creaking on the roof of the shed, and the sound of the furniture swelling the wood, which would frighten her to the bone.
But she didn't cry, she just shed silent tears, and she didn't dare to shout loudly, just curled up in the darkness until she fell into a deep sleep.
It has to be said that the revolutionary is really a cause that very human beings can do, and the revolutionary is the pursuit of sacrificing everything for the self to fulfill the ideal.
Born in such a revolutionary family, Li Tete was doomed not to enjoy the warmth and love of an ordinary family.
Later, the Li Tete family moved into a small Western-style building, this time the parents did not go out, the family began to become a daily guest, and her mother Cai Chang changed into a cheongsam, like a wide wife.
She asked Litt for a moment to put the mop on the balcony before the guests came; After a while, he gave Tete a window flower and let Tete paste it on the window facing the street; Or give Tete a string of threaded oranges and let her play at the door.
Mother Cai Chang is an acute child, let you do it immediately, can not ask a word.
The most common sentence that Cai Chang "trained" Li Tete was: "Don't ask what children shouldn't ask!" "But what exactly shouldn't be asked? Tete didn't know.
It wasn't until she grew up that Littlet understood that she had been involved in revolutionary work since she was 4 years old and was a little revolutionary.
In LiTt's memory, she was always estranged from her mother, and her mother's face was always cold, and in her memory, her mother only bought her a new dress.
At that time, The Li Tete family was still living in a small three-story Western-style building, Li Tete lived on the third floor with his father and mother, and Nie Rongzhen and Zhang Ruihua lived on the second floor with Nie Li.
One day, the two families were preparing to celebrate Nie Li's first birthday, and Cai Chang gave Nie Li a new set of clothes, and also bought a dress for Li Tete. It was Tete's happiest day, because until Litt was 7 years old, he never wore a new dress.
Little looked at the new dress her mother handed her, and she couldn't believe her eyes. In Li Tete's eyes, mom has always been a stern image. Although the mother and daughter live together, their feelings are actually very distant.
However, looking at the new dress that her mother gave her, Li Terte was still very happy, she knew that her mother loved herself.
In the early 1940s, while studying in Moscow, Litt had an in-depth conversation with his mother who came to a meeting.
At that time, Little couldn't help but say to his mother, "You don't love me, you never showed me a little affection." ”
Mom's eyes widened and she said, "Mom loves you." But now our country is still invaded by Japanese imperialism, my mother still has a lot of things to do, there is no energy to make love to you, you don't resent your mother, if you want to hate, you hate Japanese imperialism. ”
Tete said: "I am now by your side, and you have not said, what does this have to do with Japanese imperialism?"
Mother Cai Chang's expression is very complicated, she said: "Chinese personality is a warm water bottle, cold outside and hot inside. ”
Little said, "Then I can't feel your inside, what I touch is a cold shell!"
The mother was silent and said: "This is the character honed by the long revolutionary struggle, I am the mother of many children, you cannot be the only one." ”
Li Tete didn't say a word, tears soaking his cheeks.
Cai Chang and Ge Jianhao in France
Yes, since the day Cai Chang joined the revolution, she has become a mother of tens of millions of children, and she cannot belong to Li Tete herself.
In 1933, the Ivanovo International Children's Institute in Moscow was established, which was then a school dedicated to raising and educating the descendants of Communists and martyrs in various countries.
In 1938, the Central Committee of the Communist Party of China sent the children of some martyrs' orphans and leading comrades to the International Children's Hospital, and Li Tete was among them. She was accompanied by Chairman Mao's sons Mao Anying and Mao Anqing, Liu Shaoqi's daughter Liu Aiqin, Zhu De's daughter Zhu Min, and so on.
When she first arrived in Moscow, Litt was very excited, and the new environment in a foreign country gave her a lot of fresh feelings. She sighed: There are many forests there, and the trees are dense, which is really beautiful.
Soon, Litt had his own Russian name "Roza", Chinese meaning "rose", but the small "rose" did not have much peace in Russia, and in 1941 the Great Patriotic War broke out in the Soviet Union.
When the Soviets recruited the older children of the children's homes for military training as a reserve army to defend the country, Litt immediately signed up.
During training, like the boys, she skied more than a hundred kilometers a day carrying twenty or thirty kilograms of stuff, and at the end of the day, she felt that her bones were going to fall apart.
After the training, the 17-year-old Litt received the honorary certificate of "Maxim Machine Gunner", which showed that if necessary, she would be sent to the front line of the battle and must be ready to go to the front line to fight the enemy at any time.
As the war in the front was tight, the wounded soldiers were continuously transported to the rear, and Li Tete was arranged to nurse the wounded in the military hospital, in addition to helping them change their medicine and feed them every day, there was also an important task, that is, to collect a basket of broken arms and legs and bury them.
In minus 40°C, she dug anti-tank trenches with the people of Moscow. In the ice and snow of Moscow, the soil was harder than stone, and when it was dug, it seeped out of the cotton gloves, and then it simply did not wear gloves and let the blood and dirt mix together.
During the harsh war years, Li Tete contracted typhoid fever and had a high fever for more than half a month. Thanks to the timely treatment, she was able to get out of danger. Litt often said to people: "It was the Soviet people who saved me and gave me a second life!"
Cai Chang and Li Fuchun husband and wife
If the years at home turned Lite into a revolutionary, in the Soviet Union, Ritt became a complete fighter.
In the Soviet Union, Li Tete, who had just opened his heart, also gained his own love.
In 1944, Litt was admitted to the Baumann Institute of Engineering and Technology in Moscow. After a semester of study, due to the anti-fascist war, the study was shelved.
In 1948 she transferred to the Jimilyoshev Agricultural College in Moscow, and at the age of 24, she met a Russian boy who, in a foreign country, felt unprecedented happiness when she tasted love for the first time.
Soon, she married the Russian guy, and 1 year later, she gave birth to a beautiful mixed-race boy.
In 1952, after graduating from the TimiriyaTiannon College in the Soviet Union, Litt returned to her long-lost motherland in response to the call of her motherland.
At this time, Li Tete's parents were already state cadres, but she did not enjoy any privileges after returning to China.
When Li Tete chose a career, her mother Cai Chang said to her: "You have been in the Soviet Union for many years, you do not understand the situation in New China, you must go to the following to exercise, first, understand the national conditions of New China, understand the current Chinese masses; The second is to go to the bottom of the exercise, only then you can know what China needs. ”
So she went to work at the North China Agricultural Research Institute in Beijing.
Two years later, when she learned of the State Department's decision to build a large grain farm aided by the Soviet Union, she immediately applied to join the fascinating cause.
With the encouragement of her parents, she decided to go to the Northern Wilderness to open up the wilderness.
At that time, her parents persuaded her to leave the baby in Beijing for her parents to help raise, but she was reluctant to separate from her son, and she had to take her second son, who was only 3 months old, to the Friendship Farm that was under construction in Beidahuang, and stayed for 4 years.
At that time, the son had no milk to eat, and there was nothing to replace, so Li Tete cut the black steamed bun into slices, roasted it dry, and then crushed it into powder to drink. Her son cried all night, and she sat all night to catch mosquitoes. Later, the child suffered from amoebic dysentery, and there was no medical condition, so she cured her son's illness with tufangzi.
In the days of the Northern Wilderness, Li Tete somewhat understood the practices of his parents at that time, and also understood the pain of his parents.
Ritter studied plant physiology in the Soviet Union, and in the late 1950s the application of atomic energy expanded from the military to industry, mining, medicine, and agriculture.
The Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences also established the Institute of Atomic Energy Applications, ready to start researching the application of radioactive isotopes in nuclear radiation in agriculture, and at this time Li Tete was transferred back to Beijing from the Northern Wilderness.
After returning to Beijing, Litt used her extensive knowledge of the Russian language to extensively collect research results on the application of atomic energy in the Soviet Union and materials from all over the world, and established a database.
In 1964, China's first atomic bomb was successfully detonated, and she worked on the Gobi Desert in Xinjiang for several years for nuclear effect research.
Between 1958 and 1960, Li Tete participated in and presided over 6 isotope training courses and trained more than 1,000 professionals, who became the backbone of isotope research laboratories in various provinces and cities.
Unfortunately, during the subsequent campaign, Litt was shocked, and her nuclear effects research was interrupted.
After returning to Beijing in 1974, she did not return to the Institute of Nuclear Effects of Atomic Energy, but only worked as an intelligence translator at the Institute of Intelligence of the Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences.
For the motherland, Li Tete can be said to have given everything he has. However, just like the situation of his parents at that time, Li Tete, who was busy with his career, had to face a dismal dilemma in his family.
Ritter found his love in the Soviet Union, but ended his marriage in his home country.
As a child of a revolutionary, in that special era, Li Tete's life was destined to be closely linked to the turbulent revolutionary torrent and the international situation.
When Little and her husband first arrived in China, the Russian boy felt all this fresh, but over time, he felt different.
Because he did not understand Chinese, he was assigned to work in the Telecommunications Bureau after coming to Beijing, and his work was not smooth.
Back at home, due to the great difference in the cultural background of the husband and wife, the living habits are also different, these contradictions began to be gradually exposed, and the communication between the foreign husband and Li Tete began to become less and less.
In the 1960s, as Sino-Soviet relations deteriorated, under various pressures, her husband divorced Litt and then returned to the Soviet Union alone, never to see each other again.
After that, Li Tete returned to work at the Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences until his retirement. In the meantime, Little remarried and gave birth to a young daughter.
Today, Li Tet's daughter has settled in Shanghai and has retired, and Li Te te has a grandson and niece. Usually, Li Teduo contacted her by phone, and during the winter and summer vacations, they would also come to Beijing to see their grandmother.
But just when everyone thought that Li Tete was going to start enjoying retirement, the old man made a gorgeous turn at this time, which stunned everyone.
In 1988, after Retiring from the Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Li Tete did not enjoy retirement, but became a lifelong director of the China Foundation for Poverty Alleviation.
This year, Li Tete was 65 years old.
It was also in this year that she began to visit poor areas and start one of the biggest causes of her life to alleviate poverty!
Li Tete walking on the road of poverty alleviation
Poverty alleviation work is not an easy task now, let alone at a time when materials were not particularly abundant, it can almost be said to be a step by step.
The most difficult thing about poverty alleviation work is often a test of people's hearts and minds to see if a person can make up his mind to take root.
In order to do a good job in poverty alleviation work, Li Tete did her best to use her connections to introduce the situation to the leaders of various provinces and municipalities, as well as some entrepreneurs, and then she transferred the "benefits" she obtained to the lowest villagers to help poor areas build bridges, dig wells, build roads, and run schools.
In order to raise money, Li Te te did not find his father's subordinates and ask them for help, although they were all Old Subordinates of Li Fuchun, but no matter what, it was not easy to ask others for money.
When Li Tete first asked these people for help, the faces of some departments and enterprise leaders were not good-looking, and sometimes Li Te te even had to "nod his head and waist" and had to ask "you, you, you".
The old sisters around her were very angry when they found out, and they all advised her: "Forget it, the old revolutionary now wants to see the faces of the small division chiefs, is it uncomfortable?"
But Li Tete has never put these in mind, he has retired, today's poverty alleviation work is his ideal in life, he can do as much as he can, he can do as much, can help more people Li Te te feel that his efforts are worth it.
There is a very special photo album in Li Tete's home, which is a testimony taken by her visit to the poor areas of Yunguichuan and the Long March route, recording the poverty of the people in the poor areas.
This blue cover is accompanied by a white note description of the album, weighing more than 4 pounds. This is Little's secret weapon, and she hopes it will help her convince people who are interested in helping the poor, and the album has been destroyed.
Turning over the photos in the photo album, we can see the torn quilts, the grass huts are almost windward, the dry land is slowly cracking, looking at the children's pitiful eyes, Li Tete does not know how many tears have been shed.
For decades, Littlet has traveled to almost all impoverished areas, helping countless people out of poverty.
In the process of poverty alleviation, Li Tete gradually discovered the problem of poverty alleviation work.
At first, she and her colleagues often showed locals in poor areas how to cultivate cash crops, but when they walked on the front foot, the back foot immediately changed, and everything returned to the original situation.
Combined with years of poverty alleviation experience, Li Tete summed up: poverty alleviation first to help wisdom, poverty alleviation first get rid of stupidity! If you want to really get rid of poverty, the most important thing is not how much economic assistance to give, but to improve the cultural level of the local people and increase the opportunity for education, which is the real source of poverty.
Sometimes, many people will ask: Why does Mrs. Li make such great efforts to help the poor?
Li Tete said: "In some places, people can't even eat enough to eat, and the children are so poor that they have no clothes to wear, and I can't sit still when I think about it."
In his heart, Li Tete always remembers the advice of Li Xiannian, the first honorary president of the China Foundation for Poverty Alleviation, when he died: "During the war years, the people in the old area gave us everything, and even the pigs and dolls were eaten by us. The revolution has succeeded, and we must not forget them. ”
"I want to continue the unfinished business of my fathers, and participating in poverty alleviation work is the best way for me to continue the revolution!" This is the best answer That Ritter gave to this era.
After 33 years of poverty alleviation, on February 16, 2021, the elderly Li Tete stopped breathing at the age of 97.
Looking back on the old man's life, Li Tete was born in France in the embryonic period of the Communist Party, grew up in China, where revolutionary wars were raging, and studied in the Soviet Union for socialist construction.
Although the family is noble, but it has suffered a lot of human suffering, tasted the cold and warmth of the world, but no matter when, no matter what kind of difficulties are faced, Li Tete can maintain a pure initial heart, keep in mind the education of his fathers, and never change color for decades in the spring and autumn.
She truly did her best to dedicate her whole to the land under her feet.