Tao Qian, this person, was the biggest hypocrite in the Three Kingdoms era, the most despicable and shameless true villain, but the "Romance of the Three Kingdoms" wrote him as a simple elder.
In fact, a closer look, many of the descriptions in "Romance of the Three Kingdoms" are completely a group of low-energy people showing off, where there is a little bit of cruelty in the group of heroes fighting and fighting. For example, when describing Tao Qian's letting Xuzhou give liu bei, the IQ of the people in the novel may have been eaten by dogs.
In the eleventh episode of the Romance of the Three Kingdoms, "Emperor Liu's uncle Beihai saved Kong Rong, and Lü Wenhou Puyang broke Cao Cao", it is described that Tao Qianliang gave Xuzhou to Liu Bei.
Among them, the second time Xuzhou was like this, Tao Qian said, "The old man is old, the second son is not talented, and he is not able to bear the heavy responsibility of the state." Liu Gong was the emperor's concubine, and Deguang was highly talented, and could lead Xuzhou. The old man is willing to beg for leisure. ”
Liu Bei tweeted, "Kong Wenju ordered The preparation to save Xuzhou, for the sake of righteousness." Now that there is no reason to rely on it, the whole world will be prepared for the unrighteous. ”
At this time, Mi Zhu, an administrator of the Xuzhou Prefecture Government, stood up and said, "It is at this time that the Tomb of the Han Dynasty is late, Haiyu is subverted, and the tree has made meritorious achievements." Xuzhou Yin fu, hukou millions, Liu Lingjun led this, can not be resigned. ”
I would like to ask you, if it is in the actual official arena, is Mi Zhu looking for a draw?
It's like Tao Qian is the governor of the province, he said to Liu Bei, I am old and about to retire, you come to be the governor of Xuzhou. Liu Bei said, where, you are still young, it is not appropriate for me to be the governor of the province when I first came.
Then Mi Zhu, secretary general of the provincial government, said, Liu Bei, don't resign, we in Xuzhou are very rich, enough to support you to recruit soldiers, buy horses, and make meritorious achievements.
Guess what Tao Qian would think in his heart? I guess it's "Your grandmother's Mi Zhu, I'm not retired yet, you look like you want me to go?" ”
Do you think that's right?
In the official arena, we must always ponder psychology and figure out everyone's intentions. The leader just said to retire, give up the position to others, you are a secretary to the leader of the rush to shoot the next ass, which makes the current leader think about it?
So, do you think that Mi Zhu in "Romance of the Three Kingdoms" is a big fool X?
Of course, it's not just Mi Zhu that's stupid.
After listening to Mi Zhu's persuasion, Liu Bei still resigned, "I will never dare to answer the order in this matter." ”
Chen Deng jumped out again and said, "Tao Fujun is sick and cannot look at things, so Ming Gong should not resign." ”
I guess what Tao Qian wanted to say in his heart at this time was "Chen Deng, your mother X, are you still sick for me?" I won't let you, tomorrow you and Mi Zhu will pack up your things and get out! Why, one by one, you are all looking forward to my rapid retirement, I am so annoying? ”
Obviously, if it is in real life, so many subordinates with so many mouths have long been opened by the leader, and the phrase "evil comes out of the mouth" is not unreasonable, and it is not wrong to be cautious in words and deeds at any time.
So, what is the real scene in history, and how cruel is the struggle between warlords?
First of all, we must talk about the intersection of Tao Qian and Cao Cao.
After Dong Zhuo entered the capital and took control of the government, Yuan Shao Cao and other 11 princes formed the "Kwantung Army" to attack Dong Zhuo, and then Dong Zhuo moved the capital to Chang'an, and the Kwantung Army began to kill each other, and the warlord scuffle officially began.
The brothers Yuan Shao and Yuan Shu disagreed and each formed a camp, with Yuan Shao and Cao Cao allied with Liu Biao, and Yuan Shu and Gongsun Taoqian formed an alliance.
In 192, Yuan Shu's camp advanced in an all-round way, threatening Cao Cao yuan shao: Liu Bei, a subordinate of Gongsun Zhan, was stationed in Gaotang County, the qingzhou plain state, and Pingyuan County, the capital of the plain state. Tao Qian, the governor of Xuzhou, was stationed in Fagan County, East County, Yanzhou.
For details, see the Chronicle of the Three Kingdoms and Emperor Wu of wu: Yuan Shu and Shao have a gap, Shu asks for help from Gongsun Zhan, Zhang makes Liu Beitun Gao Tang, Shan Jing Tun Plain, Tao Qiantun Hair Dry, to force Shao. Taizu and Shao will strike, and both will be broken.
Liu Bei and Shan Jing were at the junction of Qingzhou and Yanzhou jizhou, except for Tao Qian, who was "alone in the depths" of Cao Cao's Yanzhou Dong Commandery.
Tao Qian's invasion not only reflected his greed, but also did not treat Cao Cao as a human being.
Cao Cao just got Yanzhou, the foothold is not stable to usher in a large wave of uninvited guests, Liu Bei and Shan Jing stationed at the doorstep of the family, Tao Qian directly invaded Yanzhou, in Cao Cao's "home" camped, obviously bullying Cao Cao at this time weak!
So, what is Tao Qian's origin?
In fact, Tao Qian has been the governor of Xuzhou for a long time, as early as 184 AD, when the Yellow Turban Rebellion, Tao Qian was appointed by the imperial court as the governor of Xuzhou. ("Romance of the Three Kingdoms, Tao Qian's Biography": The Yellow Turban of Xuzhou will rise, and the Yellow Turban will be broken with Qian as the history of Xuzhou.) ）
Tao Qian, as the governor of Xuzhou (Thorn History), remained in office after defeating the Yellow Turban Army of Xuzhou.
The Kwantung Army rebelled against Dong Zhuo, but Tao Qian was not involved. Moreover, he not only did not participate, but also maintained friendly contact with the central government of the Western Liang Dynasty. After Dong Zhuo's death, Li Dai guo feng took power, and Tao Qian also sent emissaries to comfort and pay tribute.
Li Daiguo was very happy, so he promoted Tao Qian to general and governor of Xuzhou (Prefecture Pastor), and made Tao Qian the "Marquis of Liyang".
("Romance of the Three Kingdoms, Tao Qian's Biography": Dong Zhuo's Rebellion, Zhou County's Rebellion, Tianzi Capital Chang'an, Sifang Severed, Qian's Envoys To Contribute, Moved general Andong, Xuzhou Mu, and Feng Liyang Marquis.) ）
(The Book of later Han Dynasty Tao Qian's biography: Although Shi Dong Zhuo was cursed, Li Dai and Guo Feng were in chaos.) It was time for the four sides to break off, and every envoy was sent to the court, and the tribute was given to Xijing. Zhao moved to Xuzhou Mu, general of Jia Andong, and Marquis of Liyang. ）
You may not quite understand what it means for Tao Qian to be crowned General Andong and Xuzhou Mu, but you should understand the title of "Marquis of Liyang".
The Marquis of Liyang is a county-level marquis and the highest rank among the marquises. Further up, it is the "king", according to the Han Dynasty's practice of "no one with a different surname can be a king", Tao Qian is already a very popular courtier who has embarked on the peak of his life and obtained the highest title of non-Liu surname royal family.
After Cao Cao greeted emperor Xu County of Han Xian, he was given the title of Marquis of Wuping, but he was only a county-level marquis, the highest title among the different surnames.
Why did Tao Qian just send some tribute to the imperial court and get the highest reward with a different surname?
Obviously, Tao Qian was able to win the favor of the central government of the Western Liang Clan in this way, that is, he slapped Li Daoguo's ass.
This is "Tao Qian's horse ass is filmed well, and the official knighthood is indispensable."
Being able to be promoted and commended when the Warlords of Xiliang were in power showed that Tao Qian was a pro-Xiliang prince, even if he was not from the Xiliang faction.
Moreover, Tao Qian's hometown is Danyang County, Yangzhou, and Liyang is a county of Danyang County. The Warlord of Xiliang took such good care of Tao Qian and made him the highest knight in his hometown, which can be said to have taken great care of Tao Qian's face and let him "return to his hometown".
However, Tao Qian was very cunning, and he used the Western Liang warlord to obtain the highest title in his life, but he did not fight for the imperial court to fight the Kwantung Army.
Of course, Tao Qian would not work for Yuan Shu, and he sent troops to invade Yanzhou for his own interests.
Yanzhou is a big piece of fat meat, and it borders Xuzhou, and of course he wants to get more.
Unfortunately, in 192, the full-scale invasion of Yuan Shu's camp was broken by Cao Cao Yuan Shao's joint efforts, and Tao Qian, who invaded Yanzhou, was also recorded by Cao Cao with a small book.
In the spring of 193, Yuan Shu invaded Yanzhou and was chased by Cao Cao to Huainan. But what Cao Cao did not expect was that Tao Qian actually took this opportunity to invade Yanzhou again and kill Cao Cao's father Cao Song.
The Chronicle of the Three Kingdoms and Emperor Wu records that "Xia Pi Que Xuan gathered thousands of people and called himself the Son of Heaven; Xuzhou Mu Tao Qian and the communists raised troops, took Taishan Hua and Fei, and served as the city." ”
The Wei Jin Dynasty completes the details of Cao Song's murder: "Song was in Taishan Hua County. Taizu ordered Taishan Taishou to send his family to Yanzhou, but before the soldiers arrived, Tao Qian secretly sent thousands of horses to cover up... Song fled to the toilet, was killed with his concubines, and died. ”
In the face of such ironclad evidence, the Book of Wu written by Wei Yao, a wu stateman, even shamelessly "washed the ground", saying that Tao Qian was to protect Cao Cao's father, and as a result, his subordinates killed Cao Song for money.
The Book of Wu reads, "Taizu Yingsong, weighing more than a hundred." Tao Qian sent the capital Lieutenant Zhang Min to ride two hundred guards to kill Song at Taishan Hua and Fei Jian and take money because of Ben Huainan. Taizu blamed Tao Qian, so he cut it down. ”
May I ask, does Wei Yao still have a little conscience as a "historian"?
Cao Cao and Tao Qian had always been hostile forces, and Tao Qian invaded Yanzhou twice in 192 and 193, respectively, and in 193 invaded Taishan County, capturing Hua County and Fei County in Taishan County, and killing Cao Cao's father in Hua County, before Tao Qian retreated after plundering and robbing Yanzhou Rencheng.
If Wei Yao was worthy of the three words "historian", how could he dare to cover up Tao Qian's crimes with his conscience and obliterate the right of future generations to know the historical truth?
In order to smear political opponents and deliberately tamper with the historical truth, does Wei Yao deserve to be a historian? I don't know if the Book of Wu can be passed on for hundreds of lifetimes, but it is certain that the smell will last for ten thousand years!
Tao Qian's despicable shamelessness can be said to have refreshed the three views of that era.
You know, in ancient times, "it was not a disaster for wives and children" but it was a common sense that everyone obeyed. Liu Bei's wife and children fell into enemy hands many times, and no one harmed Liu Bei's family. Even a person like Cao Cao, who claims to be a traitor, would not kill other people's families indiscriminately for no reason.
Chen Gong rebelled against Cao Cao, and later Cao Cao attacked Xia Pi, but only executed Chen Gong, and also ordered the official to support Chen Gong's old mother, Chen Gong's daughter grew up and married, or Cao Cao presided over the marriage like his own daughter.
But what about Tao Qian? He not only shamelessly killed Cao Cao's father, but also wanted to kill Sun Ce's family.
The Chronicle of the Three Kingdoms and the Biography of Sun Ce records that after Sun Ce buried his father, he took several young brothers and mothers to temporarily live in Jiangdu County, Guangling County, Xuzhou. (Jian Xue, also buried Qu A.) It has crossed the river and lived in the capital of the river. ）
However, because Xuzhou Mutaoqian hated Sun Ce, Sun Ce feared that his family would be killed, so he had to take them south and move south to Qu'a County, Wu County, Yangzhou. (Xuzhou Mutaoqian is deeply taboo.) Uncle Wu Jing, then Danyang Taishou, ce nai zai mother migrated to Qu'a. ）
It is conceivable that if Sun Ce did not move in time, his family would inevitably be harmed by Tao Qian like Cao Cao's father.
While Tao Qian constantly challenged the moral bottom line of that era, he also angered Cao Cao. In the autumn of 193, in retaliation for Tao Qian's two invasions of Yanzhou and the killing of his father, Cao Cao launched a frenzied revenge on Xuzhou.
The Chronicle of the Three Kingdoms and the Biography of Tao Qian records that "in the fourth year of Chuping, Taizu Zhengqian attacked more than ten cities and fought the Battle of Pengcheng. The humble soldiers were defeated, tens of thousands of people died, and Surabaya did not flow for it. Humble and humble. ”
After Tao Qian's defeat at Pengcheng, he retired to Tan County (郯县, in modern Tancheng County, Shandong Province). At that time, Tan County was both the capital of the East China Sea State of Xuzhou and the governor of Xuzhou. It was at this time that Liu Bei received Tao Qian's request for help from the Qingzhou State of Qi to the south to rescue Tao Qian.
When Liu Bei came to Xuzhou, he just in time for Cao Cao to retire from the army.
At that time, Liu Bei only had more than a thousand horses and a small number of Karasuma cavalry left, but he did not hesitate to set off after receiving Tao Qian's request for help. On the way, Liu Bei grabbed Zhuang Ding and pulled thousands of hungry people to join his team.
The Chronicle of the Three Kingdoms and the Biography of the Ancestor records that "the Lord of Shixian had more than a thousand soldiers and a miscellaneous horse of Karasuma in Youzhou, and a few thousand hungry people." ”
It seems that when Tai Shi Ci asked Liu Bei to send troops to rescue Kong Rong, the sentence that he said, "In the name of jun has benevolence and righteousness, he can save people's urgency" is really not covered, and Liu Bei can indeed send charcoal in the snow to save people's urgent needs.
However, Liu Bei can treat Tao Qian frankly, but Tao Qian cannot treat Liu Bei as frankly.
According to the Chronicle of the Three Kingdoms, after Liu Bei arrived in Xuzhou, Tao Qian gave him an additional army of 4,000. It seems to be very good to Liu Bei, but in fact, it hides a mysterious secret. "Having arrived, humble danyang soldiers four thousand beneficial lords."
Why?
This brings us to Tao Qian's hometown, because Tao Qian's hometown is Danyang's, and the Danyang soldiers he handed over to Liu Bei are his own group of fellow villagers "hardcores". These people only obeyed Tao Qian's orders, and Liu Bei could take them to assist in the defense of Xuzhou, but they absolutely could not take them away.
Later, Liu Bei took over Xuzhou and opened the xiapi city gate to welcome Lü Bu into the city, and it was the "Danyang Soldiers".
After Liu Bei came to Xuzhou, tao qian handed over to Liu Bei not "Xuzhou soldiers", but his fellow villagers "Danyang soldiers". Subsequently, Tao Qian recommended that Liu Bei be appointed as the Assassin of Yu Prefecture and station him in Pei County, Yu Prefecture (豫州沛县, in modern Pei County, Jiangsu Province).
The Chronicle of the Three Kingdoms records that "the first lord of the humble table is the history of the Yuzhou Assassin, Tun Xiaopei." ”
Obviously, Cao Cao's target was Tan County, the seat of the Xuzhou Prefecture government, so why didn't Tao Qian let Liu Bei stay nearby, wasn't it also convenient for support?
This, too, is a big article.
Xiao Pei is a city in the northeast corner of Yuzhou, because it is Pei Guo Pei County, so it is called "Xiao Pei". Tao Qian gave Liu Bei four thousand of his hardcore compatriots and stationed Liu Bei in Xiao Pei, with the purpose of sandwiching him between himself and Cao Cao.
In this way, if Cao Cao wanted to attack Xuzhou again, he would inevitably have to pass through Xiao Pei, and if he did not take Liu Bei first, he might be copied by Liu Bei.
If Cao Cao wanted to take Liu Bei first, then Tao Qian only needed to vigorously support Liu Bei and let him fight with Cao Cao to lose both.
To put it bluntly, Tao Qian pushed Liu Bei to the front line as "cannon fodder"!
However, Tao Qian did not expect that Cao Cao was not stupid, and he took advantage of Liu Bei's intention to garrison Xiao Pei, and Cao Cao also saw it.
Therefore, when Cao Cao attacked Xuzhou again in 194, he changed his strategy and marched into Xuzhou from the easternmost part of Yanzhou, directly attacking the East China Sea of Xuzhou. (Xia, made Xun Yu and Cheng Yu guard Juancheng, re-conquered Tao Qian, pulled up five cities, and then went to the East China Sea--Chronicle of the Three Kingdoms and Emperor Wuji)
Because in 194 Liu Bei had already garrisoned Xiao Pei and guarded the western gate of Xuzhou, Cao Cao, who did not want to entangle too much with Liu Bei, chose to go south from the east and bypass Liu Bei.
At this time, Tao Qian panicked, and he knew that this would not arrange for Liu Bei to run to Yuzhou to garrison. He hurriedly summoned Liu Bei to xiao pei to come to his aid, and sent his troops to ambush Cao Bao and Liu Bei in the east of Tan County, planning to ambush Cao Cao.
However, Cao Cao was not a cook either, and after he broke Liu Bei and Cao Bao's ambush in the east of Tan County, he ran to the west of Tan County to attack Xiang ben, and after massacring Xiang Ben in a big way, he withdrew his troops in a big way. (After returning to Tan, Qian sent Cao Bao and Liu Beitun Tandong to Taizu.) Taizu broke it, so he attacked and pulled out Xiang Ben, and so much cruelty was inflicted -- "Romance of the Three Kingdoms, Chronicle of Emperor Wu")
Xiangben was only a few tens of kilometers away from Tao Qian's old wo tan county, but Cao Cao insisted on retreating after capturing Xiangqian, that is, to show off his might and prestige, that is, to provoke Tao Qian, "Come, beat me!" ”
Tao Qian did not dare to send troops, he was already frightened. The "Romance of the Three Kingdoms" says that "humble and fearful, want to go back to Danyang." It seems that he is planning to give up the governor and go back to his hometown of Danyang to hide.
At this time, the news came that Zhang Mi Chen Gong had colluded with Lü Bu to sneak into Yanzhou, and Cao Cao had to return to Yanzhou first to quell the rebellion.
Soon after Cao Cao returned to Yanzhou, Tao Qian died of illness. Before his death, Tao Qian left his order to pass Xuzhou to Liu Bei, and he told the administrative officer of the state government (Don't drive) Mi Zhu, saying, "Non-Liu Bei can't settle this prefecture!" ”
May I ask, did Tao Qian suddenly find out in his conscience? Feel ashamed of Liu Bei, and now want to compensate him? Of course not!
Tao Qian had two sons, one named Tao Shang and the other named Tao Ying.
In that era, the inheritance of father and son had become a common practice, but Tao Qian did not pass it on to his son. Of course, Sun Ce did not pass the throne to his son Sun Shao, because Sun Ce was only 26 years old when he died (imaginary age, the actual age is 25 years old).
When Tao Qian died, when the governor of Xuzhou had been the governor for ten years, his son was certainly not like Sun Ce, who was young and could not inherit his father's position. But why did he give Xuzhou to Liu Bei instead of one of his two sons?
This was because he was afraid of Cao Cao's retaliation.
He killed Cao Cao's father, if xuzhou is passed on to his son, in the future, after Cao Cao fights and captures Xuzhou, will his two sons still survive?
Therefore, he handed Xuzhou over to the person he thought was most capable of defending Xuzhou, Liu Bei. If Liu Bei could hold Xuzhou, it would be equivalent to saving the lives of his two sons.
According to historical records, Neither of Tao Qian's sons re-entered the career path, they were civilians all their lives, and they were not killed by Cao Cao. (Second Son of Qian: Shang, Ying, neither Shi - Book of Wu)
Perhaps, before his death, Tao Qian confessed to his two sons, "You two must not go out of the mountains to become officials, lest Cao Cao catch you and kill you later." ”
This is the real history, the old fox Tao Qian is not only greedy, but also treacherous. He invaded Yanzhou twice to try to capture Cao Cao's Yanzhou, but after the plan failed, he was met with wild revenge from Cao Cao for killing Cao Cao's father.
Even so, when Liu Bei came to the rescue, he still guarded Against Liu Bei's hand, handed over liu Bei's confidant "Danyang Bing", and arranged for Liu Bei to garrison Xiao Pei, hoping to let him block himself and Cao Cao as cannon fodder.
Later, he was frightened by Cao Cao, and before he died, he still did not sincerely want to hand over Xuzhou to Liu Bei, but wanted to use Liu Bei to protect his two sons and be the "protective umbrella" for his two sons.
Although it is human nature not to hand over "family property" to outsiders, we should not condemn Tao Qian for not sincerely giving Xuzhou to Liu Bei. However, attacking other people's families is Tao Qian's biggest stain, whether in ancient times or modern times, he is challenging the moral bottom line of human beings.
(The author Jiang Xuanju, a chef who is intoxicated with historical research, will not fail to live up to his attention, for more wonderful, please pay attention to "the face of history")