Xunzi - Persuasion First + Original + Commentary + Translation

Volume one

Persuasion comes first

[Solution]

This article aims to exhort people to study diligently. The study discussed in the chapter is not limited to learning book knowledge, but also includes learning various other aspects of knowledge, as well as self-cultivation, cultivating the Tao, and so on. The article deals with the utility, meaning, purpose, attitude, method, and a range of questions about education.

[sic]

1.1 Gentleman (1): Learning is not enough (2). Blue, taken from blue (3), and blue from blue; ice, water for it, and cold for water. Wooden straight rope, thought of as the wheel (4), its curved standard, although there is a tyranny (5), not the one who stands up,

Make it so also. Therefore, the rope of the wood is straight, the gold is sharp, and the gentleman is erudite and the japanese is provincial (6), then he knows and acts without fault.

[Notes]

(1) Gentleman: refers to a moral person. (2) Has: stop, terminate. (3) Blue: that is, indigo (li3o) basket, an annual herb, whose leaves can be fermented to produce a dark blue organic dye indigo. (4) (r%u 糅): Pass the "simmering", and use the low heat to smoke the wood to bend it. (5) Yes: pass "again". 槁 (g3o engaged): through the "熇", baked. Storm (p) waterfall): ancient "exposure" word, sun. (6) Reference: Inspection. Province (x!ng awake): Investigate.

[Translation]

The gentleman said: You can't rest on your laurels when you study. Indigo is extracted from indigo, but is greener than indigo; ice, which is made of water, is colder than water. The wood is straight enough to fit the ink line, but it is smoked and bent to make a wheel, and its curvature is consistent with the compass painting, even if it is baked and exposed, it is no longer straight, which is the smoking bend that makes it like this. Therefore, the wood can only be straightened by the bullet correction of the ink line, the sword made of metal can be sharpened on the whetstone, and the gentleman can study extensively and can check and examine himself every day, then he will be wise and there is no fault in his behavior.

1.2 Therefore he does not ascend a high mountain, and does not know the height of heaven; he does not know the depths of his heart, nor does he know the thickness of the earth; he does not hear the last words of his predecessors, and he does not know the greatness of his learning. The son of Gan, Yue, Yi, and Raccoon (1), born with the same voice, long and different, teaches him to be so. The Psalm (2): "Gentlemen, there is no permanent rest." Jing Gong Er (3), good is integrity. God hears, Jell Gyeongbok (4). "God is greater than the Tao, and blessing is greater than infidelity."

(1) Gan: Tong "Han" (h2n Han), the ancient name of the country, in the northeast of present-day Yangzhou, Jiangsu, was destroyed by the State of Wu in the Spring and Autumn period and became Wuyi, which refers to the State of Wu. Yi: The ancient peoples of our country who lived in the east. 貉 (m^Mo): Tong "貊", an ancient ethnic group living in the northeast of China. (2) For the introduction of poems, see "Poetry, Xiaoya Xiaoming". (3) Jing: Ann. Total (g#ng supply): pass "supply". (4) Introduction: Give. KING: Big.

Therefore, if you do not climb a high mountain, you will not know the height of the sky; if you do not look down on the deep valley, you will not know the depth of the earth; if you do not hear the last words of the previous Emperor Shengming, you will not know the depth of learning. The children of the Wu, Yue, Yi, and Qi tribes all have the same voice when they are born, but the customs are different when they grow up, which is to educate them like this, "Poetry" Yun: "Alas, you gentlemen, don't rest often." Rest assured to enshrine your position and enjoy righteous behavior. God knows this and will bless you. "There is no higher spiritual cultivation than the morality that melts into the sages, and there is nothing greater happiness than the absence of disasters and hardships.

1.3 I taste all day and think, not as much as what I have learned, and I taste and look at it (1), and I am not as good as the ascending Hiromiya. Ascend and move, the arms are not elongated, and the seeer is far away; the wind is calling, the sound is not added to the disease, and

Hearers. The false horse is not a foot, but a thousand miles; the false boat is not able to water, but there is no river. Gentlemen are born non-heterogeneous (2), good and false to things (3).

(1) Q! enterprise: pass the "enterprise", tiptoe up the heel. (2) Birth: "Sex", refers to the qualifications of people. (3) This metaphor refers to the gentleman who improves his self-cultivation by learning from the wise teachers and friends.

I have pondered all day, but it is better to learn for a moment; I have tiptoed up and looked, but not as vast as I could have seen from above. Ascending to a high place and waving, the arms were not lengthened, but the people in the distance could see; shouting in the direction of the wind, the voice did not strengthen, but the people who heard felt it clearly. People who rely on cars and horses are not good at walking, but they can reach thousands of miles away; people who rely on boats and oars are not good at swimming, but they can cross rivers. A gentleman's nature is not different from that of a man, but he is good at relying on external objects.

1.4 In the south there is a bird, known as the dove (1). Take the feather as the nest, and weave it with hair, tie the reed (2), the wind to the amaranth folds, and the egg breaks and dies. The nest is not endless, and the one who is tied to it is also. In the west, there is a wood, known as shooting dry (3), the stem is four inches long, born on the top of the mountain, and the abyss of the hundreds. The wooden stem cannot grow, but the one who stands is also. In the midst of the poncho, it is not straight; the white sand is in nirvana, and it is black (4). The root of the orchid is Zhi (5), which gradually becomes dictated

(6) Gentlemen are not near, and gentlemen are not convinced. Its quality is not unbeautiful, but it is also gradual. Therefore, a gentleman must choose his hometown,

You must be a soldier, so guard against evil and close to Zhongzhengye.

(1) Dove: that is, wren, commonly known as the yellow bird, also known as the bird of the woman, the whole body is gray, there are spots, often take the grass reed hair as a nest. (2) Amaranth (ti2o 苕): The flower spike of the reed. (3) Shoot (y8 night) dry: also known as black fan, an herb, the root into the medicine, the stem is slender, mostly grows between the cliffs, shaped like a tree, so Xunzi called it "wood", in fact, it is a kind of grass. One says "wood" for ". "(Cursive) Word Error. (4) The "Collective Interpretation" does not have the eight characters of "white sand is black in nirvana", according to the "Shang Shu Hong Fan" "Shi Ren Si Qi Only Emperor's Extreme" "Justice" quotation supplement. (5) Orchid acacia: the name of vanilla, also known as Bai Zhi (zh! paper), white flowers, flavor fragrant. The ancients called its seedlings "Orchid" and its roots "Zhi". (6) Gradually

(ji1n tip): Dip. 滫 (xi):Urine (Yang Liang said).

There is a bird in the south, called the dove, which uses feathers to make a nest, and also uses hair to knot the nest, and the nest is tied to the flower spikes of the reeds, and the wind blows, the reeds break, the bird eggs break, and the birds fall to their deaths. Its nest is not imperfect, it is the place where the nest is tied that makes it like this. In the west, there is a kind of grass called shoot dry, the stem is four inches long, born on the top of the mountain, so that it can overlook the abyss of more than seven hundred feet. Its stem doesn't grow so tall, it's its position that makes it like this. The grass grows in the marijuana, and it stands straight without supporting it; the snow-white sand mixed in the black soil will be as black as the black soil. The root of the orchid locust is zhi, and if it is soaked in urine, the gentleman will no longer approach it, and the people will no longer wear it. Its essence is not that it is not beautiful, but that the soaked urine makes it like this. Therefore, when a gentleman lives, he must choose the countryside, and when he goes out to socialize, he must approach the magi, which is the way to prevent himself from straying into the evil path and approaching the right path.

1.5 From the beginning of things, there will be a beginning, and when glory and disgrace come, they will be like their virtue. Meat rots out of insects, fish wither and beetles. Neglect and forget, and calamity is done. Strong self-picking column (1), soft self-picking bundle. Evil is in the body, and resentment is constituted (2). If the salary is given, the fire will be dry; if the ground is flat, the water will be wet. Grass and trees grow (3), animals and animals are in groups, and things are also from their kind. It is the old quality of the Zhang and bow to Yan (4), the forest is thick and the axe is to Yan (5), the tree is shaded and the birds are breathing, and the sour and the flies are gathered (6). Therefore, there are curses in words, and there are insults in deeds. Gentlemen are careful what they stand for!

(1) Pillar: Pass "Zhu" (Wang Yinzhi said), broken. "The Book of Great Dai Li And Persuasion" as "folding". (2) Structure: knot, cause. (3) Domain: Tong "俦", class. (4) Quality: arrow target. (d@ brother): The center of the arrow target. (5) Pounds, axes. (6) Pickle (X9 West): Vinegar.

Lily (ru@ sharp): Flying insect name, belongs to mosquitoes.

The occurrence of all things must have their causes; the coming of honor or shame must correspond to his virtues. When the meat rots, maggots are born, and when the fish dies, they give birth to insects. If we neglect and forget ourselves, disasters will occur. The strong things themselves invite breakage, and the weak things invite restraints themselves. Evil and filth exist in itself and are the cause of the build-up of resentment. The spread firewood seemed the same, but the fire always burned toward the dry firewood; the flat land seemed the same, but the water always flowed to the low humidity. Plants and trees grow according to class, animals and animals move in groups, and all things are attached to their own kind. So as soon as the arrow target is set, the bow and arrow are shot here; as soon as the trees of the forest are luxuriant, the axe is cut down here; as soon as the trees are shaded, the birds come here to roost; as soon as the vinegar becomes sour, the mosquitoes gather here. Therefore, speaking sometimes brings disasters, and doing things sometimes leads to shame, and gentlemen should be careful of their own actions!

1.6 The soil is made of mountains, and the wind and rain are flourishing; the water is deep, and the dragon is born; the good is formed into virtue, and the gods are self-satisfied, and the sacred heart is prepared. Therefore, if you do not accumulate steps (1), you cannot go to a thousand miles; if you do not accumulate small streams, you cannot become a river and a sea. Qi Ji jumped one leap (2), could not take ten steps (3); the horse ten driving (4), the merit was not willing (5). Perseverance and abandonment, decaying wood does not break; perseverance, gold and stone can be skeletonized. The cricket has no claws and teeth, the strength of the muscles and bones, eats the soil, drinks the yellow spring, and uses one heart; the crab eight kneels and the two claws (6), the non-snake, the pit of the grass has no sustenance (7), and the heart is also restless. It is for this reason that those who have no ambitions have no clear light; those who have no worries (8) have no meritorious deeds. Those who practice the Tao will not come, and those who do not tolerate the two kings will not be tolerated. The eyes cannot be clear, and the ears cannot be heard and heard. The snake flies without feet (9), and the weasel is poor with five skills (10). The Poem (11): "The corpse dove is in Sang, and its son is seven." A ladylike gentleman, whose manners are one and the same (12). His heart is like a knot (13). "Therefore the gentleman is married to one."

(1) 跬 (ku! golem): The distance between the feet when walking is equal to what is now called one step, what the ancients said half a step. Step: The ancients said one step, referring to the distance between the left and right feet once forward, which is equal to the current two steps. (2) Qi Ji: Horse. (3) Step: Length unit, six feet for steps. (4) Driving: When the ancient horse-drawn carriage was put on the car in the morning and unloaded at night. The set of cars is called driving, so the use of "driving" here refers to the day's trip of the carriage. Ten driving: set ten times a car, refers to ten days of travel. This refers to a distance of thousands of miles, see 2.8. (5) Abandonment: abandonment. Refers to not giving up the road. (6) VIII: The "Collective Interpretation" is "six", which is changed according to the "Dai Li Ji And Persuasion". Kneeling: Feet. Claw: The large claws in front of the body of the crab and other arthropods, shaped like pincers. (7) 蟺 (sh4n good): same as "eel". (8) Meditation, meditation (h&n dim): Dim and unclear appearance, describing concentration and hard work. Zhao Zhao: The look of understanding. (9) T6ng Teng: A flying god snake in ancient legends. (10) Weasel (sh0 stone) rat: The original work "Wu Rat", according to the "Great Dai Li Ji Persuasion" changed. The weasel can fly but cannot fly on the roof, can climb trees but cannot climb to the treetops, can swim but cannot cross the valley, can dig holes but cannot hide, can run but cannot chase people, so it is said that it is "five skills and poor". Poor: Poor. (11) For the poem, see "Poetry Cao Feng, Partridge". (12) Instrument: through "righteousness". (13) Knot: The knot does not disperse, and the metaphor is concentrated and unswerving.

The accumulation of soil becomes a mountain, and the wind and rain will rise there; the accumulated water will become a deep pool, and the dragon will grow there; the accumulation of good deeds will become a moral person, who will have a clear mind, and the realm of the saint's mind will be possessed. Therefore, without accumulating one step or two steps, it is impossible to reach thousands of miles away; without the accumulation of small streams, it cannot become a river and a sea. A horse leaps and does not reach six feet; a bad horse can run a thousand miles in ten days, and its success lies in not stopping. If you carve something, if you put it aside, that is, rotten wood cannot be cut off; if you keep carving, then metal and stone can be carved out. The earthworm does not have sharp claws and teeth, nor does it have strong bones, but it can eat the dust on the ground and drink the spring water under the ground, because it is single-minded; the crab has eight feet and two claws, but if there is no snake or eel's cave, it has nowhere to live, because it is impetuous. Therefore, without the spirit of immersion in research, there will be no wisdom to see everything; without obscure work, there will be no prominence

of merits. Those who wander the wrong way cannot reach their destination, and those who serve both monarchs at the same time cannot be accepted by both sides. The eye cannot see two things at the same time and see them all clearly, and the ears cannot hear two sounds at the same time and understand them all. Snakes have no feet but can fly, and moles with five skills are in trouble. The poem clouds: "The cuckoo lives in the mulberry tree, and the seven little birds feed it." Those good men and gentlemen, insist on morality. Insisting on moral and true single-mindedness is like a knot in thought. "So when a gentleman learns, he always concentrates his spirit on one point.

1.7 In the past, the urn drum and the Shen fish came out to listen (1), and the Bo Ya drum and the six horses were on the back (2). Therefore, the sound is not small and not heard, and the line is not hidden and invisible. Jade is in the mountains and the grass is moist, and the pearls are born and the cliffs do not dry up (3). For the good not to accumulate evil (4), is there anyone who does not hear?

(1) 瓠 (h) Hu) Ba: A Native of the Chu State, good at playing. Shen: "Ji Xie" is "flow", which is changed according to the "Dai Li Ji Persuasion". Shen: Same as "Shen". (2) Boya: A person who was good at playing the piano in ancient times. Six horses: The ancient Son's car was driven by six horses; this refers to the horse that pulls the cart. Yang Mo:

"Huainanzi Say Mountain Training" high temptation: "Look up, look up and blow vomit, call the horse laughing." "One says" mo "mo" through "end", head. (3) Cliffs, shores. (4) Evil (y6 Grandpa): Same as "Yah", interrogative mood word.

The fish that had sunk to the bottom of the water in the past all surfaced to listen, and the six horses who were pulling the cart as soon as Bo Ya played the piano all raised their heads and grinned. Therefore, there is no sound too small to be heard, and no action that is hidden and invisible. The treasure jade is hidden in the mountain, and the grass and trees on the mountain will be moistened; if pearls are born in the deep pool, the shore of the pool will not appear dry. It is impossible to insist on doing good deeds and thus good deeds are not accumulated! Otherwise, what is there that is not known?

1.8 Learning evil begins? Evil ending? A: Its number begins with the recitation of the sutra (1) and ends with the reading of the Rites (2); its meaning begins with the recitation of the rites. Ultimately a saint. True accumulation of strength for a long time, learning until the end of the end also (3). Therefore, the number of learning has an end, and if it is righteous, it must not be abandoned. For it, man also, and for it, so for the beast. Therefore, the Book of Books (4), the Chronicle of Political Affairs, the Poets (5), the Middle Voices (6); the Rituals, the Great Division of the Law, and the Gang Jiye of the Categories (7). Therefore, the study of the "Ritual" ends, and the husband is said to be the extreme of morality. The Ritual of Honorifics (8),

"Music" in the middle of the "9); "poetry", "book" of the Boye, "Spring and Autumn" of the micro also (10), between the heavens and the earth is bi.

(1) Number: Similar to the usage of "number" in 4.8 "keep its number", it refers to the specific subject studied. (2) "Rites": Known as the "Book of Rites" in the Han Dynasty, it is a compilation of part of the ritual system in the Spring and Autumn and Warring States periods. Liang and Chen were later called "Ritual Rites". There are seventeen chapters in this transmission, and the popular version is the "Thirteen Commentaries on the Thirteen Classics". (3) No: Pass "death". die. (4) "Book": "Book of Shang", also known as "Book of Books" after the Han Dynasty, is a compilation of ancient historical documents. (5) "Poetry": After the Han Dynasty, also known as the "Book of Poetry", it is the earliest surviving collection of poetry in China. (6) Middle voice: harmonious music. STOP: Save. (7) Oita (f8n fen): Essentials, general outline. Class: Synonymous with "law" (norm) (see Note (1) 1.14), but when used in contrast to the word "law", it refers to the category of law, that is, the specific criteria derived from the normative class. (8) Text: literary style, pattern, and by extension refers to the ceremonial system of expressing righteousness, such as the car system, flags, costumes, various ceremonial ceremonies and so on that indicate the hierarchical system. "Han Feizi Xie Lao": "Li liturgy, yizhiwen also." (9) "Music": The Book of Music, one of the Six Classics, is said to be a musical score attached to the Book of Poetry, which died in Qin. (10)

"Spring and Autumn": It is a chronicle of the lu state historian recording the historical events of that time in the Spring and Autumn Period, and it is said that Confucius revised it. Micro: Subtle and subtle, this refers to the "Spring and Autumn" brushwork of subtle words and righteousness. When Confucius edited the Spring and Autumn Period, he used subtle and profound language to metaphorically praise and disparage personnel affairs.

Where do you start? Where does it end? The answer is: in terms of the subjects studied, it is from recitation

The classics such as the Book and the Poem begin until the reading of the Liturgy; in the sense of learning, it begins with being a reader and ends with becoming a saint. Sincere accumulation, long-term efforts, you can go deep and learn

Old and dead before it stops. Therefore, in terms of the subjects to be learned, there is an end; but if it is in the sense of learning, then learning cannot be lost for a moment. If you devote yourself to learning, you become human; if you give up learning, you become a beast. The Book of Shang is a record of political affairs; the Poem is a beautiful chapter attached to harmonious music; and the Ritual is the essentials of the code of conduct and the general outline of specific norms. So learning the Ritual is the end, which can be called reaching the peak of morality. The solemn and literary ornamentation of the "Li", the neutrality and harmony of the "Music", the profound content of the "Poems" and "Books", the subtle meaning of the words of "Spring and Autumn", and the truths that exist between heaven and earth are all included in these classics.

1.9 The study of a gentleman is also in the ear, in the heart (1), in the four bodies (2), in the form of motion and stillness;

(3), creeping and moving (4), one can be the law. The learning of villains is also in the ears and out of the mouth. Between the mouth and ears

Then four inches of ears (5), enough to be beautiful enough to be seven feet of body?

(1) 箸: through the "zhu$ turbidity", attached. (2) Cloth: Distribution. Quadrant: limbs. (3) End: Pass "breathing" (see 13.9), whispering. (4) Creep: micro-motion. (5) Then: only.

The study of a gentleman, the useful things enter the ear, remember in the heart, carry it through the whole body, and manifest it in his demeanor; so he can say a word and move a little, and he can become an example for others to follow. The little man's learning is only heard from the ear and spoken from the mouth. It's only four inches between the mouth and the ear, so how can you rely on it to perfect a seven-foot-long body?

1.10 The scholars of the past are for themselves, and the scholars of the present are for themselves. The learning of the gentleman is also to beautify himself; the learning of the villain is also to think that the fowl is a calf. Therefore, it is proud not to ask (1), and to ask one and two to be proud (2). Proud, non-also; 囋, non-also; gentleman like a ringer (3).

(1) Pride: Pass "manic" (Yu Fan said). These two sentences criticize the villain for showing off the learning of man. (2) 囋 (z4n like): Nagging. (3) Ringing: "Ji Xie" as "Xiang", according to Song and Zhejiang Ben reform. Ring: Echo.

Ancient scholars studied to improve themselves, and scholars now learn to show others. The study of a gentleman is to use it to perfect his body and mind; the study of a villain is only to use the knowledge as a gift such as a writer's fowl and a calf to please people. Therefore, what others tell without asking is called impatience, and what others ask one thing and tell two things is called nagging. Impatience is wrong; nagging is also wrong; a gentleman answers others, just as the echo should be the same as the original.

1.11 Learning is not close to others. "Ritual" and "Music" method is not said, "Poetry" and "Book" are therefore not cut, and "Spring and Autumn" is about but not fast. Fang Qiren's saying of the Xi Junzi (1) is respected as a pervasive (2), and Zhou Yushi is the world. Therefore, it is said that learning is close to others.

(1) Fang: through "imitation", imitation. The first "of the "discipline" is "and". (2) To: and.

There is no more convenient way to learn than to be close to a sage. The "Rites" and "Music" record the Fadu without detailed explanation, the "Poems" and "Books" record old events without getting close to reality, and the "Spring and Autumn" text is concise and not easy to understand quickly. By learning the doctrines of gentlemen in imitation of the sages, one can cultivate noble virtues and gain extensive knowledge, and one can also understand the world. So there is nothing more convenient to learn than to approach the ideal mentor and friend.

1.12 The sutra of learning is not as fast as the other person (1), followed by the long ceremony. The upper cannot be good, the lower cannot be long, and Ante will learn miscellaneous knowledge, follow the "poems" and "books" and only ears (2), then the end of the world is poor, it is inevitable that it will be ugly! The original king, Ben Renyi, then lied to his longitude and latitude, and the path was also (3). If you take the collar, and the five fingers are satisfied (4), the number of obedient ones is innumerable. It is not polite and constitutional, with "poems" and "books", for example, as if it were to measure the river, to go to the goblet, to cone the pot, not to get it. Therefore, although the long ceremony is unknown, the dharma is also; the non-long ceremony, although the inspection, the scattering of Confucianism.

(1) Meridian: Pass the "path". (2) Ann: Adverbial auxiliary. T: Only. KNOWLEDGE: Understand. (3) Longitude and latitude: the longitudinal and horizontal road, the north-south direction is called the longitude, the east-west direction is called the latitude, which refers to the four directions. Trail (X9 West): Trail, this refers to the path. (4) 诎: pass "flexion", bending. DUN: Shake up and down to make neat.

The path of learning is no more rapid and effective than being taught by the sages with a heart, and the reverence for etiquette is inferior to it. If the upper cannot be satisfied with the center of the sages, the lower cannot respect the etiquette, but only learns some messy knowledge, reads through the "poems" and "books", then until he dies, he will be just a shallow scholar. As for the desire to trace the morality of the kings and seek the foundation of benevolence and righteousness, then observing the rituals is the way to go in all directions. It's like lifting the collar of a leather coat and bending five fingers to shake it, and the countless furs are all straightened out. It is impossible to achieve the goal of not following the ritual law, but just acting according to the poems and books, and using it as an analogy, just as measuring the depth of a river with your fingers, using a long goat to scoop a mole, and using an awl instead of chopsticks to eat in a rice pot, it is impossible to achieve the goal. Therefore, to respect etiquette, even if the essence of it is not understood thoroughly, is to be a scholar who advocates etiquette; not to respect etiquette, even if he is clear and eloquent, is just a literati with scattered thoughts.

1.13 Those who ask the neem (1), do not tell the truth; those who tell the neem, do not ask also; those who say the neem, do not listen; those who argue with the anger, do not argue with it. Therefore it will be from its way to it, and then it will be followed, and if it is not its way, it will be avoided. Therefore, it is respectful, and then it can be with the side of the word; it can be resigned, and then it can be with the truth of the word; it can be followed by the color, and then it can be with the word of speech. Therefore, it cannot be said to be proud of words, it can be hidden from words without words, and it is blind to words without looking at the appearance. Therefore, the gentleman is not proud, not hidden, not blind, and obedient. The Psalm (2): "Bandits befriend bandits (3), and the Son of Heaven gives (4). This is also true.

(1) Neem (k (bitter): Coarse, which refers to something that is rough and bad and uncivil. (2) For the introduction of poems, see "Poetry, Xiaoya Caishu". (3) Bandit: Same as "non", no. Intercourse: through "twisting", urgent. (4) Give (y (rain): Pass "and", praise.

Do not tell him who asks about the rough and the bad; do not ask him who tells you about the rough and bad; do not listen to the man who talks about the bad; do not argue with him if he has a strong and competitive temper. Therefore, he must be consulted in accordance with the way of etiquette before he is received; if he is not in accordance with the way of etiquette, avoid him. So the person who asks for advice is polite and respectful, and then he can talk to him about the method of learning the Tao; he speaks in harmony, and then he can talk to him about the specific content of the Tao; his face shows humility and obedience, and then he can talk to him about the deepest meaning of the Tao. It is called impatience to talk to him but say it; it is called concealment when you can talk to him but not to say it; it is called concealment without observing the other party's temperament, which is called blindness. Therefore the gentleman is not impatient, does not conceal, does not blindly, and speaks cautiously according to the object of his speech. "Poetry" Yun: "Not impatient, not sluggish, the Son of Heaven said yes and admiration." "That's the case.

1.14 A hundred shots are missing one, not enough is good shooting; a thousand miles are not enough, not enough is good; Lun is not clear (1), benevolence and righteousness are not one, not enough is good learning. Those who learn also learn, and those who study are also solid. One out, one into the fire, the people who paint the alley are also (2); there are few good people, many bad people, and there are also the thieves (3); all is exhausted, and then the scholars are also.

(1) Class: Law. See Dialects, Guangya. Law, norms. (2) Tu: through the "way". (3) 桀: Ming Lu (名履癸), the last king of the Xia Dynasty and the legendary tyrant. See Note 15.7(4). 纣: Yi Zuo, also known as Di Xin, the last king of the Shang Dynasty, the legendary tyrant. Metatarsal (zh0 straight): The legendary Spring and Autumn Warring States period people, in the traditional texts, regard him as a typical example of greed, calling him a "thief".

Shooting a hundred arrows, as long as one of them does not hit, cannot be called good at archery; driving a thousand miles, even if there is still one or two steps that cannot be completed, cannot be called good at driving; ethical norms cannot be penetrated, and the way of benevolence and righteousness cannot be wholeheartedly followed, and it cannot be called good at learning. To learn, you have to stick to it wholeheartedly. If you don't study for a while, you learn for a while, you are an ordinary person in the city; if there are few good deeds and many bad deeds, you will become a bad person like Xia Jie, Shang Shu, and Thief; you can fully understand the ethical norms and the way of benevolence and righteousness, and then you fully obey it, and then you are a true scholar.

1.15 The gentleman knows that what is not complete is not pure enough for beauty, so that the number of recitations is consistent, thinking is common, and the person is punished, and the harm is removed to be maintained; so that the eyes are not desireless to see, so that the ears are not desireless, so that the mouth is not desireless, and the heart is not desireless. As for its good, the five colors of good eyes, the five sounds of good ears, the five tastes of good mouth, and the world of heart benefit (1). Therefore, power cannot be poured out, the masses cannot be moved, and the world cannot be swept away. Birth is by the cause, death is by the cause, and the husband is the virtue. Virtue can then be fixed, can be fixed and then can be responded to. Can be able to cope, husband is called an adult. The heavens see its light, the earth sees its light (2), and the gentleman is precious and all-encompassing.

(1) Profit: Greed. (2) See (xi4n present): same as "present". Light: Through "wide".

A gentleman knows that the study of etiquette is not comprehensive or pure and cannot be called perfect, so he reads the group books in order to understand and understand, thinks and explores in order to understand, imitates good teachers and friends to practice it, removes his own harmful style to maintain it; makes his eyes not want to see what is not correct, does not want to hear what his ears are not correct, does not want to say what his mouth is not correct, and does not want to think about what his brain is not correct. When it comes to the time when it comes to loving etiquette, it is as if the eyes love the five colors of blue, yellow, red, white, and black, the ears like the five tones of palace, shang, horn, sign, and feather, the mouth likes the five tastes of sweet, salty, sour, bitter, and spicy, and the heart covets the world. Therefore, power and snobbery cannot make him fall, the multitude of people cannot make him change his mind, and the whole world cannot shake him. To live to follow this ritual is to die to follow this ritual, and this is called moral conduct. With such ethics, you can only stand firm; you can stand firm, and then you can cope with complex situations. Being able to stand firm and cope with various situations is called a mature and perfect person. The heavens reveal its brightness, the earth reveals its vastness, and the value of a gentleman lies in the perfection of his virtues.