The idiom he mountain stone is from the "Poetry Classic, Xiaoya Crane Ming": "The stone of his mountain can attack jade." "Meaning: The stones on other mountains are hard and can be used to polish jade. It is a metaphor for the meritocracy of other countries that can serve their own country, and it is also a metaphor for people or opinions who can help themselves to correct their shortcomings.
This "Stone of His Mountain" is as Zhu Xi later said in the "Biography of the Collected Poems": "Grind it with stone, and then use jade as a tool." The stone exists to help the jade into a tool. By extension, this verse refers to talented sages elsewhere who can be used to help themselves or those around them to change their shortcomings and become a more perfect person.
Lu Xun is a world-renowned novelist, but his classic works are not the water without a source and the wood without a root. Lu Xun explicitly said that he "relied on all the hundred or so foreign works he had read before and a little medical knowledge." It can also be said that it is precisely these hundred foreign works as the cornerstone that make Lu Xun a better self, a modern Chinese writer, and the founder of modern Chinese literature.
Mao Zedong once commented: "The direction of Lu Xun is the direction of the new culture of the Chinese nation. He is well-known in the world literary circles, especially in the field of Korean and Japanese thought and culture, and has an extremely important position and influence, and is known as "the writer who occupies the largest territory on the map of East Asian culture in the twentieth century."
Today we will read the "stones" that made Lu Xun a giant in the literary world. After more than 30 years of tireless exploration, the two authors of "The Stone of His Mountain", Chen Shuyu and Jiang Yixin, finally solved this "Sphinx mystery" in Lu Xun's research field.
The Stone of His Mountain: A Hundred Foreign Works Read by Lu Xun is divided into four parts: "A Bound Edition of Russian Novels translated from Japan", "The First Volume of the Collection of Novels Outside the Territory", "The Second Volume of the Collection of Novels Outside the Territory", and others. It includes thirty-eight works by Gogol, Pushkin, Lermontov, Turgenev, Chekhov, Maupassant, Ellen Poe, Hugo, Natsume Shushi, Kierkegaard, Wilde and others that Lu Xun had read, as well as many laces and many exquisite illustrations by Lu Xun himself. It provides an important basis for people to further understand and study Lu Xun.
Lu Xun was originally studying medicine in Japan, and he witnessed the masses watching the slaughter of Chinese during the Russo-Japanese War, and his soul was deeply hurt, and he realized the importance of saving the hearts of the Chinese people. He realized that studying medicine can only save people from the flesh, but the thinking of the Chinese people at that time was very numb, numb to watching foreign enemies slaughter compatriots, Lu Xun's soul was deeply touched, and finally decided to "abandon medicine and follow the text", use the pen in his hand to compete with the dark social reality, and use the pen in his hand to awaken the numb and sleeping soul of the Chinese people. He began to pay attention to literature, due to the limitations of his own language and environment at that time, it was difficult for him to read books abroad, and his way of reading was mainly in four aspects:
1. Through the study of Japanese and German, I searched widely through Japanese and German newspapers and books, and was deeply attracted by the domestic and foreign works published by them. This is also the internal driving force of Lu Xun's reading.
2. There is a history of civilization into its national literature, such as from the reading of "The History of the Decline and Fall of Poland" to the attention to Polish literature, from the reading of "Indian Meal War" to the desire to pay attention to Indian literature.
3. Dabble in related literary works through extensive exposure to literary history and writers' reviews.
4. The establishment of original author works through domestic translation is also one of the very important channels for Zhou Shuren's early foreign literature reading activities.
Influenced by the ideas of foreign works, the novel "Diary of a Madman" accuses feudal etiquette of eating people, complains about the irrationality of feudal etiquette, and inspires people to find a new way out. Many of Lu Xun's essays, like a dagger, pierced the heart of the reactionary ruler, and he himself was in danger of being secretly calculated. The psychology of the spectator, the mentality of A Q, and the inferiority reflected in Lu Xun's works still make readers feel that the needle is on their backs to this day. The common feature of Lu Xun's works is "profound", to the point.
The author Chen Shuyu said: Lu Xun has superhuman endowments, rich experience, profound thoughts, and amazing creative power, which are the internal reasons for the achievement of this great writer, but Lu Xun also clearly said that he "started his novel in 1918" and "relied on about a hundred foreign works and a little medical knowledge that he had read before, and there was no other preparation at all." These are the foreign reasons that made this great writer.