Agitated for 400 years: the implementation of the tujue Liu Yurui reform, the pacification of Yizhou and the return of the Eastern Jin Dynasty

This article is the 277th in a long series, Four Hundred Years of Turmoil

After easily settling Zhuge Changmin, Liu Yu embarked on an economic reform called Tuduan. The core of the so-called land break is to sort out the household registration, with the purpose of cracking down on the powerful and maintaining the ruling order.

As for why the earth break is implemented, it is inseparable from the special background of the times.

In the last years of the Western Jin Dynasty, wars were frequent, and a large number of displaced people moved south, and after the establishment of the Eastern Jin Dynasty, the imperial court set up many overseas Chinese prefectures, overseas Chinese counties, and overseas Chinese counties to resettle them, and these displaced people were called overseas Chinese.

Some overseas Chinese are relatively concentrated, some live scattered, and although they are registered in qiao counties, they do not necessarily live in the places where qiao counties are stationed. Qiao Prefecture and the counties to which it belongs are not all in one place, and the management is extremely inconvenient, and Qiao Prefecture, Qiao County, and Qiao County were only offices at the beginning, and there was no real land.

For example, in Jinling County alone, there are more than ten county-level and more than sixty county-level institutions in the six prefectures of Xu, Yan, You, Ji, Qing, and Six Prefectures. When the overseas Chinese first arrived, they had no property, and in order to appease them, with their force as the capital of the Northern Expedition, the Eastern Jin court could not but give the privilege of avoiding taxes.

Therefore, the household registration of overseas Chinese is also called white nationality, and those who are white citizens do not bear the state tax.

However, the Northern Expedition failed many times, and there was no hope of returning, and the people lived for a long time and lived in peace. The upper class of the overseas Chinese mostly occupies the pastoral villas; in addition to being reduced to a partisan and tenant, the lower class also acquires a small amount of land through land reclamation or other means and becomes a self-cultivator.

They are no different from the local people's lives and have different burdens, which naturally cause contradictions between overseas Chinese and the old, and many people are forced to rely on the powerful. None of this was conducive to the rule of the Eastern Jin Dynasty, so after the imperial court gained a firm foothold in Jiangnan, it had to implement a policy of land cut-off.

The tujue increased the income and military resources of the imperial court, and the overseas Chinese joined the ranks of paying taxes. Therefore, once the country is stable, the land is inevitable and imperative.

Because each time the soil break could not be complete, and because new overseas Chinese and overseas Counties and counties continued to appear, the policy of soil break was always implemented, running through the entire Eastern Jin Dynasty and the Southern Dynasty.

In March of the ninth year of Yixi (413 AD), at the suggestion of Liu Yu, the Eastern Jin Dynasty once again implemented the earth break, and re-determined the place of origin according to the current residence of the residents, except for xu, Yan, and Qing prefectures, many of the counties that lived above other counties were either merged or abolished.

It is easy to say, but it is very trivial to do, Liu Yu invested great energy in this, and also grasped the basic situation of the Eastern Jin Dynasty, and moved towards his goal step by step.

When Liu Yu carried out the earth break in full swing, the campaign against the indulgence officially began.

In June, Zhu Lingshi and others arrived at the White Emperor, and he opened Liu Yu's letter in the box in public, which read: "The large troops all attacked Chengdu from the outer water, Zang Xi attacked Guanghan from the middle water, and the old and weak remnants of the army marched from the internal water to the Yellow Tiger on a battleship." So, each of them followed the arrangement.

Unsurprisingly, upon learning of the Arrival of the Eastern Jin Dynasty, Tan Zhong did indeed order Tan Daofu to lead the main force to defend Fucheng to guard against the enemy attacking from the internal waters.

After Zhu Lingshi and his troops arrived in Pingmo, they were still two hundred miles away from Chengdu. He sent Shi Houhui of Qin Prefecture and Shangshu Servants to lead more than 10,000 people to camp in Pingmo and build a city wall on both sides of the river to resist it.

Zhu Lingshi said to Liu Zhong: "Now the weather is too hot, the enemy's defense is tight, and a strong attack may not be able to conquer." I want to stop attacking for a while, recharge my batteries, and wait for the opportunity, how do you see? ”

Liu Zhong said, "Not really." We threatened to attack the army from the internal waters, so Yu Daofu did not dare to abandon Fucheng. Now that the army had arrived here, to their surprise, Hou Hui was already frightened. All the elites should be mobilized to attack them, and victory will surely be achieved. After conquering the flat mold, go forward bravely, Chengdu will not be able to defend. If the attack is slow at this time, it will be unable to hold on, and if the defenders of Fucheng suddenly arrive again, they will join forces. In this way, we will not be able to draw the enemy out, and the food in the army will not be able to supply, and we will undoubtedly lose. ”

Zhu Lingshi followed Liu Zhong's advice and immediately launched an attack on Pingmo. When discussing the main direction of attack, the generals all believed that the city walls in the north of the river were dangerous and there were many defenders, and they planned to attack Jiangnan first.

Zhu Lingshi said, "In today's situation, even if we slaughter the Southern City, there is no way to conquer the Northern City, and if we concentrate our elites to conquer the Northern City, then the Southern City will not attack itself." "Insist on attacking Jiangbei."

In July, Zhu Lingshi led several troops to launch a fierce attack on the northern city, and finally conquered it, beheading Hou Hui and Yu Yu, and then led his troops back to the division to attack the southern city, and the southern city was indeed defeated on its own.

After conquering Pingmo, Zhu Lingshi left the boat in the river and went ashore on foot towards Chengdu. He ordered the general Fu Zhi to gather troops in niu spleen tun and xiao gou to garrison and snort.

Zang Xi attacked Fu Zhi and slashed it with all his might, and when Xiao Gou heard about it, the whole army collapsed. As a result, all the barracks and garrisons under Tan Zhong's command collapsed in the face of the wind.

On the fifth day of the first month of July, When Hezhong abandoned Chengdu and fled, Shangshu ordered Ma To seal the treasury and wait for the arrival of the Eastern Jin Dynasty.

On the ninth day of July, Zhu Lingshi entered Chengdu and murdered his grandfather's relatives, while the rest of the people went as usual and returned to normal life.

Before fleeing, he first went to bid farewell to the ancestral mausoleum, and his daughter advised: "Running away may not be able to run away, it will only humiliate itself, and it is better to die next to the tomb of the ancestors." "Don't listen.

When Tan Daofu heard that Pingmo had fallen, he led troops from Fucheng to the rescue, and he went to defect to him.

After seeing the indulgence, Tan Daofu said angrily, "The eldest husband has such a meritorious deed, but he took the initiative to give up, where else can you run?" Who can not die, how can they be afraid of becoming like this? ”

After saying this, Tan Daofu threw his sword at Tan Zhong fiercely, only to cut his saddle, and Tan Zhong had no choice but to leave and hang himself. Wang Zhi, a Brazilian, cut off his head and gave it to Zhu Lingshi.

He did not have the heart to rebel, was cooked by the rice of life, and then came to this step today. However, he said that so many years of loneliness and widowhood are not worth it.

After Tan Zhong's death, Tan Daofu said to his people: "The life and death of the Shu kingdom is really related to me, not to the king." I'm alive enough to fight. The subordinates agreed in unison.

Therefore, Tan Daofu distributed all the gold and silver treasures to his men, but after the people took the things, they scattered, leaving a confused look on their faces.

Reluctantly fleeing to the Fang tribe, Du Jin, a resident of Badi, captured him, sent him to the Eastern Jin Army, and then beheaded in front of the barracks.

After the report was sent to Jiankang, the Eastern Jin dynasty court ordered Zhu Lingshi to be promoted to the rank of military governor of Liang and the six counties of Qinzhou, and was given the title of Marquis of Fengcheng County, and Yizhou, which had been divided for eight years, returned to the territory of the Eastern Jin Dynasty.

In September, Sima Dezong reappointed Liu Yu as Taifu and Yangzhou Mu, but Liu Yu resolutely resigned.

However, despite ostensibly refusing Sima Dezong's promotion to the throne, Liu Yu's action to eliminate dissidents never stopped. There was no opponent in the DPRK, and he aimed at the clan room.