During the Three Kingdoms period, the people of Zhuxu County in Beihai (in the southeastern part of present-day Linqu County, Shandong) left behind the "weeping learning" and the story of abstinence from alcohol, which has always been used as an inspirational model by posterity. In fact, this ancient man with super self-control has been trying to take his fate into his own hands all his life. He had a nickname called "Dragon's Belly", which was very famous in history. At that time, people called him "Yilong" together with Hua Xin and Guan Ning, and the latter was called "Dragon Head" and "Dragon Tail" respectively. They were good friends during their youth studies. However, there have long been objections to the position that the three people should occupy in this "dragon", that is, the ordering. The essence of the controversy is that future generations have different views and evaluations of the three of them' different life pursuits. This article will introduce and analyze some of the above contents.
□ weep and learn to abstain from alcohol: by superhuman perseverance
At the age of eleven, Hehara lost his father. He was a poor and orphaned child who had no way to go to school. There happened to be a school not far from his home, and every time he passed by, he would cry of sadness because he could not go to school.
Once the master saw it and asked, "Why are you crying?" Bing Yuan replied: "The lonely are vulnerable, and the poor are susceptible." Whoever reads will have his relatives. When I first saw that others were not alone, I was envious of being able to learn, and my heart was sad, so I wept. When he heard this, he felt pity and told him that he could also come to study. Bing Yuan said that he did not have money. When the master saw that his boy was ambitious, he enrolled him in school for free. After a winter, Bing Yuan was able to recite the Filial Piety Sutra and the Analects.
As an adult, Bing Yuan traveled to various places and visited famous teachers, and Anqiu, Chenliu, Yingchuan, Runan, and Zhuojun all left his footprints of study. Without a carriage or horse, he could only carry a bookcase and luggage on foot, which was difficult and imaginable. He successively befriended Sun Song, Chen Yu, Fan Huan, Lu Zhi and other famous scholars of the late Han Dynasty, and his learning grew day by day.
During his studies, He never drank alcohol, and his teachers and friends thought that he never drank. When he was ready to return home, everyone gave rice and meat, except for no wine.
Before leaving, Bing Yuan said to his teacher and friend with pity, "I was good at drinking, but I quit this hobby just because I was worried about thinking about wasted business." Now far away, the heart is very unwilling, just everyone gives a lot of gifts, may wish to drink again! ”
So everyone drank together and walked for The Plains. Since it was a wine for food, Bing Yuan naturally drank more, and he did not refuse to come. The feast lasted all day, and I don't know how much wine I drank, but Bing Yuan never changed his face, talked and laughed, and was not drunk. The teacher and friend admired the amount of alcohol in The Plains, and even more admired his perseverance in quitting drinking.
From the experience of studying and abstaining from alcohol, it can be seen that the historical Hoahara was a person with strong self-control.
□ entered the world: also in a state of self-control
At the end of the Eastern Han Dynasty, the world was in chaos, and Bing Yuan and his friend Guan Ning (Zi You'an) of the same county avoided the chaos in Liaodong. Later, due to the suspicion of Gongsun Du, the Taishou of Liaodong, he followed Guan Ning's advice and returned to his hometown, taking the profession of professor and becoming a professor, and was on a par with Zheng Xuan, the grand master of the same county. Later, recommended by Kong Rong of beihai, he entered Cao Cao's camp and finally died in the army with Cao Cao's conquest of Eastern Wu.
Regarding the specific situation of Bing Yuan's eunuch in Cao Ying, the five-hundred-word "Three Kingdoms Zhi Wei Zhi Bing Yuan Biography" says very little. Pei Songzhi added more historical materials when he made notes. Combined with the biographies of several related figures, the following trajectory can be sorted out: In terms of position, Bing Yuan successively served as Cao Cao Sikong Sacrifice Wine, Xiang Zhengshi and Cao Pi's Five Senses Zhonglang General Changshi, although he could not compete with Hua Xin, who later achieved Shang Shuling, but he was also treated preferentially. Shi Zai, Cao Cao had more respect for him, but also trust. He was transferred from the Xiangfu to Cao Pi's Five Official's Mansions, not only after Cao Cao's personal inspection, but also Cao Cao also issued a special "Order for the Transformation of the Former Governor of the Five Official's Mansions" for this purpose, which contained humble words. Every time Cao Cao went out on a campaign, he would instruct Cao Pi, who remained behind, to consult with Bing Yuan and Zhang Fan in case of trouble. In terms of fame, Bing Yuan can be said to have a high reputation and good popularity in Caoying. Xun Yu, as the chief strategist, once recommended him to Cao Cao: "In this life, the essence of the soldier, it is advisable for the public to treat him with courtesy." Cui Yan, who was in charge of the election, once praised him and Zhang Fan as "the heavy treasure of the country". The weight of these evaluations is heavy.
In terms of performing their duties, it is a bit difficult to understand under the prestige. He was a military officer, but he was frail and sickly, often staying at home and rarely showing up. Transferred to cao pi mansion, he was also "closed door, non-official." Cao Cao had an opinion on this. He later wrote in "With Zhang Fanling": "The original name of Gao Deda, Qing Zhi Miao Shi, Kui but fierce, not for the lone use." Then he clearly warned Zhang Fan, who was good friends with Yuan Yuan, not to emulate him. It should be noted that in this order, "not for the sole purpose", Cao Cao did not say that he did not use Bing Yuan, but that He Yuan did not serve him wholeheartedly.
Cao Cao (Stills from the TV series Romance of the Three Kingdoms)
Since Bing Yuan had gained Cao Cao's respect and trust, he was considered not to have contributed well, which showed that his relationship with Cao Cao was actually quite delicate. Shi Zai, thirteen years after Jian'an, Cao Cao's young son died of illness, he was very sad, and offered to be buried with The Dead Daughter of Bing Yuan, that is, to be worthy of "secret marriage", but Bing Yuan thought that this move was "indecent" and refused. During his tenure in the Five Kingdoms, Cao Pi once gave a problem to more than a hundred guests present, asking: "If the king and his father are seriously ill, there is a pill that can be saved, but only one pill can save one person, you say, should we save the king, or save the father?" "The people present have a lot of opinions, and there is no consensus. As the "governor" of the palace, Bing Yuan had no intention of intervening in this somewhat absurd discussion, but Cao Pi pointed out his general, and he had to tell the truth what he thought: "Save father." Fortunately, Cao Pi did not embarrass him anymore after listening to it.
Based on these historical facts, it can be preliminarily concluded that although Bing Yuan was in Cao Ying, his political tendencies were not particularly clear. Combined with the above description, he is a man of great self-control, and his political leanings are in a state of ambiguity, which is obviously intentional. Why did he do that? Does it also belong to the category of "being in Cao Ying's heart in Han"? Let's analyze it again.
□ the battle of sorting: it is actually a different pursuit of life
Pei Songzhi, in his commentary on the Biography of the Three Kingdoms Chronicle of Wei Zhi Hua xin, quoted a passage from the Wei Luo: "(Hua) Xin traveled with Beihai Fengyuan and Guan Ningju to study, and the three were good to each other, and the three people were called 'one dragon', Xin was the dragon head, the original dragon belly, and ning the dragon tail. This should be the beginning of the so-called "one dragon" theory that Hua Xin, Feng Yuan and Guan Ning merged into "one dragon".
In this regard, Pei Songzhi immediately expressed his own opinion: "Chen Songzhi thinks: The emblem of the Root Of The Zi Yi Wang, there is no need to be ashamed of hua gong, guan You'an is of high moral character, and he is afraid that Fu should be the tail." Wei Luo said this, and it is not possible to determine its order. Obviously, he thinks that Huaxin is a "dragon head", which is difficult to match.
Hua Xin and Cao Pi (stills from the TV series Romance of the Three Kingdoms)
At the end of the Song Dynasty and the beginning of the Yuan Dynasty, Hu San Province, when annotating the Zizhi Tongjian, also joined the dispute over the ordering of these three people, and he wrote the following paragraph: "Huazi fish has the name Yu Shi, and the three people of The Yuanyuan and Guan Ning are one dragon, xin is the dragon head, the original is the dragon's belly, and the Ning is the dragon's tail." Xin is the Nair; The Plains are also the curses of the Lords; the noble deeds are in charge of Ning'er. At that time, the head and tail of the argument, covered with the name of the word also. alack! What he meant at that time was that the so-called dragon head, dragon belly, and dragon tail were named after the three people's official positions, and it was not fair.
The reason why Pei Songzhi and Hu Sansheng grasped the ranking problem of Hua Xin, Bing Yuan, and Guan Ning was because they had praise and depreciation of the political tendencies of these three people, which was mainly reflected in the depreciation of Hua Xin and the admiration for Guan Ning. As for the zhongyuan in the middle, what he saw was basically the same.
Hua Xin (157–232), courtesy name Ziyu, was a native of Gaotang In the Plains (present-day Gaotang County, Shandong). Late Han Dynasty celebrity, Cao Wei Heavy Minister. He was assigned to Sun Ce in his post of Yuzhang Taishou, and was later requisitioned by Cao Cao and came to Cao Ying, where he successively served as a councilor, Sikong, Shangshu, and Shizhong, and then succeeded Xun Yu as Shangshu Ling, entering Cao Wei, and successively serving as Yushi Dafu, Xiangguo, Situ, and Taiwei. His evaluation in the main history is still good, and later because of a description in the novel "Romance of the Three Kingdoms", he became a "minions" character in the eyes of the world.
In the sixty-sixth episode of the Romance of the Three Kingdoms, "Guan Yunchang Went to the Meeting with a Single Knife, and Empress Fu Sacrificed Her Life for the Country", it is described that Empress Fu, the Emperor of Han Xian, was detected by Cao Cao because she wrote a secret letter to her father, and was killed. When entering the palace to arrest her, Hua Xin, who was a Shang Shu Ling, personally led the Jia Shi to break through the wall to search, and when the hidden Empress Fu was found, Hua Xin actually grabbed her hair bun and dragged it out. After writing about Hua Xin's "bad deeds", Luo Guanzhong began to reveal his laodice: "It turned out that Hua Xin was known for his talent and was friendly with Feng Yuan and Guan Ning. At that time, people called the three people a dragon: Hua Xin was the dragon head, Feng Yuan was the dragon's belly, and Guan Ning was the dragon's tail. One day, Ning and Xin planted vegetables together, hoeing the ground to see gold. Ning waved the hoe in disregard; Xin picked it up and looked at it, and then threw it down. Another day, Ning and Xin sat together and read books, smelling the sound of outdoor paging, and there were noble people riding by. Ning Duan sat still and abandoned the book to look at it. Ning despised him as a man from then on, so he sat separately and did not become friends with him again..."
The so-called stories of "hoeing the ground to see gold" and "dividing the seats" in the novel are all derived from the notebook novel "The New Language of the World" written during the Southern Dynasty period, and are not found in the historical records. Without distinguishing between their authenticity and falsity here, among the three "one dragon," Hua Xin, as the "dragon head," has the most positive attitude toward "joining the WTO." This is an indisputable historical fact.
Contrary to Hua Xin's situation, Guan Ning was praised by later generations for refusing the conscription of cao wei generations of monarchs and not serving for life. Cao Wei recruited Guan Ning's pusher, and it was Hua Xin. During the early years of Emperor Cao Pi of Wei, Gongqing was given the title of "Lone Gentleman", and Hua Xin recommended Guan Ning. When Emperor Cao Rui of Wei ming was in power, Hua Xin claimed to be sick and begged to retire, and proposed that he could give way to Guan Ning. Although Guan Ning did not appreciate it, the two did not seem to have broken off their friendship.
Finally, let's analyze the original. Regarding The attitude of Bing Yuan on the issue of "joining the world" and "being born out of the world" can actually be seen from an incident that happened when he was studying. During his study tour, he went to Anqiu (安丘, in present-day southwest anqiu County, Shandong) to meet Sun Song, a native of the same county. After the meeting, Sun Song said to Feng Yuan in a reproachful tone: "There is a Zheng Jun (that is, Zheng Xuan) in your township, who has studied ancient and modern times, has strong knowledge, and has hooked deep and far, and you have sacrificed your near and far and traveled thousands of miles to find me, which is to regard Zheng Jun as 'Dongjiaqiu'!" ”
"Dongjiaqiu" is an allusion. The "Confucius Language" records that Kong Qiu's western neighbors did not know that he was a university inquirer and disparaged him as "Dongjiaqiu". Bing Yuan replied: "People have their own aspirations, so some people climb mountains to collect jade, and some people go into the sea to collect pearls, so it cannot be said that mountaineers do not know the depth of the sea, and people who enter the sea do not know the height of the mountain!" You say that I regard Zheng Jun as 'Dongjiaqiu', which means that I am the 'Xijia Fool'? Sun Song knew that he had met a high-ranking person, so he distributed a part of his collection to Yuan Yuan.
Peking Opera "Xiaoyaojin" (also known as "White Forced Palace"), based on the 66th time of the Romance of the Three Kingdoms, "Guan Yunchang Single Knife Attends the Meeting, Empress Fu Sacrifices Her Life for the Country"
The four words of "everyone has their own aspirations" condenses the trajectory of Bing Yuan's life. His family was poor and "wept to study", and he quit drinking in order to study, and after completing his studies, he naturally did not choose to "be born" like Guan Ning. But as one of the top Confucian scholars at the time, he was not willing to fully support Cao Wei in replacing the Eastern Han Dynasty like Hua Xin. This mentality of his was very similar to that of Xun Yu, Kong Rong, and others who were also in Cao Ying at that time. Confucianism has become the ruling ideology of the feudal period from one of the hundred families of the past, thanks to the admiration of the monarchs of the two Han Dynasties. Therefore, under the condition that Emperor Xian of Han was still alive, a considerable number of Confucian scholars at that time could not take the initiative to join the ranks of "new peach for old charm". The more people who have a foundation in learning, the more they pay attention to this. Bing Yuan should belong to this category of people. Therefore, he has adopted a limited number of flexible measures to "join the WTO."
To make this clear, Hua Xin was despised by later generations, Cao Cao was dissatisfied with Bing Yuan, and Pei Songzhi and Hu Sansheng were fighting for the fame of their predecessors, and a reasonable explanation could be found.
Conclusion: Summarizing the above, the famous Confucian scholar Bing Yuan of the late Han Dynasty and the early Wei Dynasty, after judging the hour and sizing up the situation, made a plan in line with his own reality for his own life path, and then put it into practice with his superhuman self-control ability, which is a wise man.
[Description: This article was originally one of the author's series of articles "Reading Through The Storytelling" and "Lustful Chapter"]