Title V, Chapter 5
Or: "Yong is also benevolent but not Satisfied." Zi Yue: "Yan Yong Yu?" The Emperor gives with his mouth and repeatedly hates people. I don't know its benevolence, but it is used? ”
Yong: i.e. Ran Yong, zi Zhonggong, one of the "Ten Philosophers of Kongmen", the representative of the "Four Branches of Confucius", one of the "Three Sages of Ran".
Ran Yong was a native of the State of Lu (present-day Dingtao, Shandong) in the late Spring and Autumn Period, a descendant of Shao Hao, and ran Jizai, the son of King Wen of Zhou, who passed on to Ran Li and lived in the "Yang of Heze", known as the "Plough Cow Clan", and was sacrificed by Confucianism.
The "Ran Clan Genealogy" says that he divorced the Yan clan, grew a son of geng, and the second son Yong. When Yan died, he married Gongxi and asked for his life. Hou Gongxi heard confucius set up a teaching que, "ordering the three sons to learn from the yan".
The first Jian jian of the Bamboo Jane "Middle Bow" unearthed in the Warring States period records that "Ji Huanzi made the middle bow for slaughter, and the middle bow was used to tell the hole", thus triggering a dialogue between the master and the disciple. This dialogue is also recorded in the Analects.
Ran Yong "lived respectfully and simply" for the government, and advocated "transforming the people with virtue". In the Ji clan", he was polite in March, but the advice could not be done, and the words could not be listened to, so he resigned and returned to Confucius. To live is to be in place, to travel is to travel, and to teach a teacher for life."
Confucius once comforted Ran Yong, whose family was from a lowly family: "The son of the plough and the ox has a horn, although he wants to use it, the mountains and rivers give up on them. ”
Confucius spoke highly of his ability to govern, and was known as "Yong can also make the south". This is the highest evaluation that Confucius has ever had for other disciples.
and Confucius, fearing that he would lose the transmission of the Sacred Tao, he and Min Zi Zhuxian wrote 120 analects. He also wrote 6 articles alone, called "Jingjian Collection", since the Qin Huo, the book has not existed.
After Ran Yong's death, he was buried in Ran Kui Ji, 60 miles southeast of Caozhou, with a shrine with Bo Niu and Zi, and built a shrine in his hometown of Cha Kui Po (now Ran Xian Ji, Dingtao District, Heze City).
According to Kao, Xunzi is the descendant of Ran Yong's thought, and Xunzi respects Ran Yong alone except Confucius.
Yu: The original meaning refers to good eloquence, such as "Zhu Yu Zhi Yu" in the Analects, which means to wish to have eloquence.
佞 can be used as a modest title, such as "no you". Yu later evolved into "eloquent and unorthodox people", such as "Yu Ren" and "Yu Chen".
Miyako: Make a horse too! From the yi to unload, can mean the word.
The oracle bones of the Emperor resemble a person kneeling before a hanging hammer, followed by a "彳" representing walking, and the original meaning of the Imperial Sword is to drive a carriage.
Miya refers to controlling everything. In addition, from the original meaning, there are also the meanings of governance and rule, such as Jia Yi's "On Passing the Qin": "Zhen Chang Strategy and Yu Yu Nei".
Because the emperor was inseparable from the leader of the carriage and horse, it was extended to matters related to the emperor, such as "imperial dining room" and "imperial gift".
Yu is also one of the ancient "six arts", referring to the technique of driving.
When used as "resist", yu is a simplified word for "禦", and "禦" is a shape sound character. From the show, the royal voice. The original meaning refers to a kind of sacrifice to ward off disasters.
The word "禦" has appeared in the oracle bones, most of which are also spoken as imperial sacrifices, and are also used as defenses and defenses. For example, in the Book of Verses: "Brothers are on the wall, and the outer emperor (Zen) is insulted."
The simplified "御" in bu ci is sometimes used as "imperial sacrifice". The content of the imperial offering is very extensive, or begging for rain, or mizu, or mikoto, etc., all of which are sacrificed to the ancestors for protection.
Give: Enough also. From ito, chorus. The original meaning of the combination of sound ji and silk combination means abundant clothing and food, and the original meaning given is: abundance and abundance, such as "Mencius": "Spring province ploughing and making up for deficiencies, autumn province and helping deficiencies." Another example is "Qi Min Zhi Shu Shu ”
Giving also extends to "supply", such as the "Chinese Zhou Language": "The supply of things." Another example is "Han Feizi Youdu": "Then the day is insufficient, and the strength is not given." ”
Giving also refers to granting and delivery, such as "Lü's Spring and Autumn": "If the remnants of the shaft and the like, evil can give to Ruojin".
When pronounced gei, it means: to make the other person get or suffer. Such as "embarrass him".
Giving also has meanings such as "make" and "let", such as "show me".
Give is also used as a preposition, denoted as, substitute, such as "pour tea for guests".
There are also meanings such as "to" and "right", but also to express commands and strengthen the tone, such as "shut me up". The phrase "imperial man gives (ji) by mouth" in this article means "the power of the tongue to convince people." ”
Hatred: Evil also, from the heart from the past, once referred to "old resentment", the heart was combined, meaning old resentment plus new hatred, that is, very resentful, extremely disgusted.
For example, "Li Ji Qu Li": "Hate but know its goodness." Another example is the "Chinese Jin Language": "Thieves hate the master." "History of Qu Yuan Jia Sheng Lie": "Qin hated Qi very much. ”
The full text is understood to mean:
Someone said, "Ran Yong is a person with benevolence but no eloquence." Confucius said, "Why should we have eloquence?" The ability to convince people with their tongues will repeatedly make people hate. If you don't understand benevolence, what is the use of being able to speak eloquently? ”
Confucius was not opposed to eloquence, and his teaching had a "speech" section, and both Zigong and Zai I were proud disciples of Confucius.
Eloquence must be used in the right place, such as diplomacy, debate and other occasions, Confucius once praised the Weiguo Zhu Yu for his good eloquence and outstanding performance in diplomacy.
If eloquence is used to argue pointlessly, to justify oneself, to cover up mistakes, to summon others, it will be annoying.
Confucius once said, "If a gentleman is not heavy, he is not mighty." The "weight" of a gentleman is not said by mouth, but by his own "virtue", and only when he has "virtue" can he be heavy, and only when he is heavy can he have prestige.
Another disciple of Confucius, Mi Zizhen, once said: "Sincerity is here, and punishment is the other." In terms of government affairs, leaders must be "sincere" so that the people will be convinced, relying on their mouths to summon and order others, and others will only obey with their mouths.
Confucius hated the most people who "clever words and color", he liked people who were a little more wooden, he once said: "Tough and resolute, close to benevolence", "sensitive to deeds, ne in words".
In short, people must make more efforts in benevolence and morality, and do not use their tongues. People who do not know how to cultivate benevolence, even if they have the eloquence to speak eloquently, are empty talk, and it is useless.
The most cunning emperor Zhang Tianxi
Some people asked: Why did Zhang, who Chinese the most talking, not become an emperor? Someone came out to explain: because the emperor of heaven is surnamed Zhang (Jade Emperor Zhang Youren), the emperor on the earth will not let the surname Zhang be allowed.
In fact, there are many emperors surnamed Zhang in history, but the sense of existence is too low, and few people know about it, such as the Zhang Rail family.
Zhang Rail (張轨), courtesy name Shiyan, was born in present-day Pingliang, Gansu during the Western Jin Dynasty, and was the seventeenth grandson of Zhang Er, king of Changshan in the Western Han Dynasty. The family has been filial piety for generations, and is famous for specializing in Confucianism.
Zhang Rail was young and studious, very talented and prestigious, with an elegant and dignified posture, and had a good relationship with Emperor Fumian (historian and medical scientist) of the same county.
In the early years of the Western Jin Dynasty (265), he inherited the Wupinguan of his uncle Enyin. He had discussed the scriptures and the pros and cons of political affairs with Zhang Hua, the superintendent of the Zhongshu Bureau, and Zhang Hua greatly appreciated Zhang Rail's ability to speak eloquently.
The Wei general Yang Jue recruited and appointed him as a subordinate official, appointed him the post of Prince Sheren, and was promoted several times to the rank of Commander of the Scattered Horse and the Commander of the Western Army.
Later, Zhang Rail was appointed by the imperial court to serve as the Assassin of Liangzhou. After dominating Hexi and the fall of the Western Jin Dynasty, there was a situation of the Southern and Northern Dynasties in Chinese history, and Zhang Rail was in a corner of the country, and although he was not called emperor during his lifetime, he was actually the founding emperor of the former Liang Dynasty.
Qianliang was located in present-day Gansu, including western Ningxia and parts of Qinghai and eastern Xinjiang, with the capital city of Guzang (present-day Wuwei, Gansu).
In charge of the seventy-six years of the former Liang Dynasty, the Zhang family was basically proficient in Confucianism. Beginning with Zhang Rail, he and several successors have made more achievements and maintained a more pragmatic style, "diligently practicing government and generally exercising imperial literature and martial arts", "lightly enriching, removing customs duties, provincial gardens, and alleviating poverty", and the national strength has also been continuously strengthened, and the territorial scope has also been continuously expanded.
But later, there was also a clan rebellion in Qianliang, and the emperors almost did not die well, and in just a few decades, There were 9 emperors in Qianliang.
The regime eventually fell into the hands of Zhang Tianxi. Zhang Tianxi's eloquence was very good, and when he launched a coup d'état to assassinate the powerful minister Zhang Yong, he climbed up to the roof and shouted: "Zhang Yong is vicious and rebellious, has no morality, has killed Song Cheng, and wants to subvert our family." All of you soldiers have been subjects of my Liang kingdom for generations, so how can you bear to point your weapons at me? Now the only thing I want to capture is Zhang Yong, and no one else will pursue it! ”
As a result, Zhang Yong's soldiers all fled, Zhang Yong killed himself, and Zhang Tianxi wiped out Zhang Yong's family and party.
Emperor Zhang Xuanliang appointed Zhang Tianxi as an envoy, a champion general, and a governor of various Chinese and foreign militaries to assist in the imperial government, and from then on Zhang Tianxi was specialized in imperial politics.
Soon, Zhang Tianxi killed Emperor Zhang Xuanliang, announcing that Zhang Xuanliang and his mother had contracted an infectious disease and had become the last emperor of Liangzhou.
After the coup d'état, Qianliang Yuanqi was seriously injured, zhang Tianxi sent envoys to the Eastern Jin Dynasty, expressing his willingness to be a subject, and then made people report to Former Qin for mourning, and Chen took the throne, and the Eastern Jin court and the Qin king Jian Jian both treated the envoy kindly and awarded Zhang Tianxi the title of Houlu.
Zhang Tianxi was canonized by the two countries and reigned peacefully, thinking that he would be too peaceful and uneventful from then on, and after he ascended to the dynasty, he ignored the government and politics, and enjoyed indulging in wine and enjoying entertainment.
Some upright ministers in the DPRK persuaded him to have less fun and pay more attention to the government, and Zhang Tianxi's eloquence was reflected again: "Do you think I like to have fun?" In fact, you don't understand my heart! I did not simply love fun, but through play I learned many philosophies of life:
When I saw the flowers blooming in the morning, I respected the talented and handsome high priests; when I played with Zhilan, I admired the virtuous ministers; when I saw the pine and bamboo, I missed the virtuous people who were loyal and virtuous; in the face of the clear stream, I praised the officials who were honest and honest;
But as soon as I saw the grass, I despised the greedy and filthy evil officials, and in the face of the wind, I hated the fierce and cunning traitors. If you can extend my play and touch the bypass, then being a human being is almost perfect, and there is basically nothing missing in the ethics of being a person. ”
In fact, Zhang Tianxi had neither a man of honor or a courtier, except for being good at sophistry, he had no virtue, and eventually "wasted in wine and did not sympathize with political affairs", and was destroyed by Former Qin Jianjian before 376 AD, and Zhang Tianxi was captured.
When Fu Jian launched the "Battle of Shuishui", Zhang Tianxi served as Sima and after his defeat, he submitted to the Eastern Jin Dynasty, and once, Sima Daozi, the king of Huiji, asked him about western specialties, and Zhang Tianxi replied: "The mulberries are sweet, and the owls eat to change their voices; the cheese is nourished, and people eat without jealousy." ”
In the second year of Yixi (406), Zhang Tianxi died at the age of 61.