Xiangyang is a national historical and cultural city, which began in Fancheng, the king of Zhou Xuan, Feng Zhongshanfu (Fan Muzhong), has a history of more than 2800 years of establishment, and has been an economic and military important place for generations, known as "the first city in China", "Xiangyang of iron fighting", "the place where soldiers must fight", and is the main birthplace of Chu culture, Han culture and Three Kingdoms culture. Xiangyang City is surrounded by water on three sides and surrounded by mountains on one side. It is bordered by the Daba Mountain of Qinling Mountains in the west to reach The Shaanxi And Sichuan Shu, the tongbai Dahong Mountain in the east to reach Jianghuai, the funiu Mountain in the north to cross the Wuguan Pass to the Central Plains, the jingmen in the south to the Jianghan Plain, and the key points of the east, west, south, and north, which are recognized as throat fortresses in China's history.
The Huguang Tu Jingzhi describes Xiangyang as follows: "The great river is thought to be a pond, and the chongshan is considered to be solid... Antarctic Lake Xiang, north control of Guanluo, monopoly of Hanshang. ”
Gu Zuyu's "Minutes of Reading historical public opinion and the summary of public opinion in Huguangfang" combines historical events to highlight the importance of Xiangyang's geographical location: "The shape of Huguang is victorious in Wuchanghu. In Xiangyanghu? Or in Jingzhou? A: In the words of the world, the emphasis is on Xiangyang; in the southeast, the emphasis is on Wuchang; in the words of Huguang, it is heavy on Jingzhou. ...... What does it mean to focus on Xiangyang? Fu Xiangyang, the waist of the world. The original can be combined with the southeast. The southeast can also be the northwest. Therefore, the emphasis is on Xiangyang also. ”
Xiangyang linhan gate
Unfortunately, such a major place, except for Li Zicheng in the fifteenth year of Ming Chongzhen (1642 AD), who ascended the throne in the palace of Xiangyang Domain, established the Dashun regime, established the "New Shun King", and changed Xiangyang to Xiangjing, but it has never become the capital of the feudal empire in history. In 1643, Li Zicheng led his army north and burned the palace, and Xiangjing became history.
However, although this important town of Wuhua Tianbao did not bear the weight of the national capital, it intersected with many feudal emperors. Today, let's talk about the Fifth Emperor of the Southern Dynasty Liu Song: Liu Jun, Emperor Xiaowu of the Song Dynasty.
Speaking of Liu Song of the Southern Dynasty, I have to say one person first, that is, the first emperor of the Southern Dynasty, Liu Yu, the Emperor of the Song Dynasty, that is, Liu Jun's grandfather.
Southern Dynasty Song Wu Emperor Liu Yu
Liu Yu (363–422.6), courtesy name Deyu (德陳), courtesy name Ji Nu. He claimed to be a descendant of Liu Jiao, the King of Chu, the younger brother of Liu Bang of Han Gaozu, whose ancestor was a native of Pengcheng (present-day Xuzhou, Jiangsu) and later moved to Jingkou (present-day Zhenjiang, Jiangsu). Passed down to Liu Yu's generation, because his father Liu Qiao died early, so the family was poor, Liu Yu fell to selling straw shoes for a living at an early age (selling straw shoes seems to be the descendants of Han Gaozu's ancestor Liu Bang can re-become the emperor's Xiangrui profession, in front of which there is also a Shu Han Zhaolie Emperor Liu Bei). After growing up, he joined the army and became a junior officer in the Northern Province Army of the Eastern Jin Dynasty.
In the third year (399) of the Eastern Jin Dynasty Emperor Sima Dezong Long'an, Wudou Mi Daosun En, Lu Xun and twenty-seven others rebelled against the Jin Dynasty, and the Wei general Xie Yan and the former general Liu Gaozhi were ordered to suppress it, and Liu Yu was appointed as Liu Jiaozhi's military governor. Sun En's power was great, and at one point he conquered Huiji Commandery and killed Xie Yan. Liu Yu accompanied Liu Gaozhi in his conquest of Sanwu for several years, and in the case of a small number of soldiers, he was not only able to wear a strong and sharp and charge the front, but also was resourceful and well-commanded, and was good at winning more with less. In the fifth year of Long'an (402), Liu Yu defeated Sun En in three battles and three victories in Haiyan, Dantu, and Yuzhou, and then led the water army to pursue him at sea, forcing Sun En to throw himself into the sea and die. Liu Yingong promoted Jianwu general, Xia Pi Taishou, and Peng Chengcheng shi, and from then on, he became a member of the Eastern Jin Dynasty.
It was changed to the first year of Yuan Xing (402). At that time, Emperor An of jin was an idiot and was assisted by Sima Daozi, the prince of Huiji. Sima Daozi, in order to compete for power with Huan Xuan, a powerful minister who occupied jingjiang prefecture, sent his son Sima Yuanxian to attack Jingzhou. Sima Yuanxian, with Liu Gaozhi as the forward governor, rebelled against Huan Xuan, and fought against Huan Xuan at Gushu (present-day Dangtu, Anhui), where the imperial army was defeated and Liu Gaozhi rebelled against Huan Xuan. Huan Xuan attacked jiankang, killed Sima Daozi's father and son, seized the power of the imperial court, and then seized Liu Gao's military power, and Liu Gao committed suicide. Liu Yu judged the situation and defected to Huan Xuan, who allowed him to join the army as a soldier.
In the second year of Yuan Xing (403), Huan Xuan forced Emperor Chan of Jin to usurp the throne and change the name of the country to Chu. The following year, Liu Yu sought an opportunity to rebel and raised an army against Huan Xuan in his hometown of Jingkou and attacked Jiankang. In 405, Huan Xuan's army was defeated, and Sima Dezong, the Emperor of Jin' An, fled to Guangling (廣陵, in modern Yangzhou, Jiangsu) and then to Jiangling (江陵, in modern Jingzhou, Hubei). Liu Yu also sent troops to Jiangling, killing Huan Xuan's entire family and his henchmen, and welcoming Emperor An and jiankang. After The Jin Emperor Sima Dezong was restored to the throne, he appointed Liu Yu as a servant, a che riding general, a Chinese and foreign military, Xu Qing's Erzhou Assassin History, Yanzhou Assassination History, and Lu Shang Shushi. Liu Yu has since taken control of the Eastern Jin Dynasty.
After Liu Yu came to power in Jin, he led an army to destroy the Southern Yan regime at Guanggu (present-day Yidu County, Shandong) in the sixth year of YuanXing (409), defeated Lu Xun in 410, defeated the rebellious Jingzhou assassin Liu Yi in 412, attacked the Shu regime that occupied Sichuan in 413, and attacked the Later Qin regime of Chang'an in 417, which was another male lord at the time, Yao Hong.
In 418, Liu Yu was entrusted with the Xiangguo, Zongbai, and Yangzhou Mu, and built the "State of Song" with ten counties, and was enfeoffed as the Duke of Song and received the Nine Xi. At this point, he embarked on the inevitable road of becoming emperor by powerful subjects. In 419, he appointed Wang Shaozhi to kill Emperor An of Jin and made his brother Sima Dewen the Prince of Lang the Prince of Jin, changing his name to Yuan Yuanxi. In October, he entered the King of Song, increased the number of ten counties, and added twelve crowns and tianzi banners at the end of the year. In June of the second year of Yuan Xi (420), Liu Yudai was proclaimed emperor of Jin, changed the name of the state to Song, jianyuan Yongchu, demoted Sima Dewen to the title of King of Lingling, and the Eastern Jin Dynasty fell.
In the third year of the Yongchu Dynasty (422), Liu Yu planned to go to Northern Wei, but due to illness, he died at the age of sixty. In July, he was buried in the Tomb of Jiang Shan Chu Ning in Jiankang County, Danyang, with the temple number Gao Zu and the emperor Wu.
Liu Yu started from the grassroots and eventually founded the imperial industry, which was a famous politician, reformer, and military figure in Chinese history. Although there was a good situation of invading Chang'an to recover the lost land in the north, it was a pity that there were worries about rebellions in the struggle for power and thrones, and there were worries about the five Hu and sixteen countries in the north, coupled with the fact that the day was not a holiday, saying that the emperor died in 2 years, and failed to complete the great cause of reunification.
In addition, Liu Yu was the first to set aside the evil example of killing the emperors of the previous dynasty in Chinese history. Before Liu Yu, successive Zen monarchs were able to save their lives, and when Liu Yu became emperor, he demoted Sima Dewen, the emperor of Jin, to the position of King of Lingling, and only a year later, he was suffocated with a cotton quilt. Since then, the monarchs of each dynasty have inevitably died. In the Yuan Dynasty, Hu San Province commented: "Since then, the king of Zen has rarely achieved everything." Retribution also came quickly, and in the last year of the Liu Song Dynasty, Xiao Daocheng, the king of Qi, assisted the Song Shun Emperor Liu Zhun to take the throne, and Xiao Daocheng said that the emperor was about to kill Liu Zhun soon.
The intersection of Liu Jun and Xiangyang, the Fifth Emperor of the Liu Song Dynasty
Liu Jun, the fifth emperor of the Liu Song Dynasty, was the third son of Liu Yilong, Emperor Wen of Song, and the grandson of Liu Yu, Emperor Wu of Song. Born in the seventh year (430) of Emperor Yuanjia of song, he was made the King of Wuling at the age of fifteen, "a young machine, a god with bright hair, reading seven lines, very beautiful, determined to love martial arts, good at riding and shooting." (History of the South) In the sixteenth year of Yuan Jia (439), he served as a general of Zhengyu, the military governor of Xiangzhou, the history of Xiangzhou, and also in charge of the affairs of Shishu. In the seventeenth year of Yuan Jia (440), the envoy Zhi Jie, the governor of Southern Yu Yu Si Yong and the Military of Five Prefectures, the Southern Yu Prefecture Assassin History, the general Zheng Yu was still in charge of the defense of Shi Shu. In the twenty-first year of Yuan Jia (444), he moved to Qin Prefecture and was promoted to general of the Fu Army.
Southern Dynasty Song Xiaowu Emperor Liu Jun
In the twenty-second year of Yuan Jia (445), Yongzhou (Eastern Jin Dynasty qiao was placed in Xiangyang, Liu Song because of it) stabbed Liu Dao to death, and the barbarians in Yongzhou rebelled. Emperor Wen of Song appointed Liu Jun as the commander-in-chief of Yongzhou and the commander-in-chief of the Yong prefectures, and the military governors of the four prefectures of Yongliang and northern Qin and the six counties of Xiangyang, Jingling, Nanyang, Shunyang, and Xinye in Jingzhou, as well as lieutenants of Ningman. Liu Jun thus became the first member of the imperial family to leave the town of Xiangyang in the hundred years since the Eastern Jin Dynasty. Book of Song " When Taizu wanted to pass through the pass and the river , he was given this teaching. ”
After taking office in Yongzhou, Liu Jun, assisted by Shen Qingzhi, Wang Xuanmo, Liu Yuanjing, Zhu Xiuzhi, Zong Wei and other generals, vigorously recruited displaced people from the north to form a barbarian army, and Xue Andu returned with the northern volunteers to form a powerful Jingyong army. After more than three years, the riots such as the Yidao Barbarians, the Zhushan Barbarians, and the Yunshan Barbarians captured 100,000 barbarians and incorporated them into the state households. Water conservancy projects were also built and people rested, which solved the long-standing problem of "weir long-term destruction, public and private waste", and Yongzhou has been harvesting abundantly for many years.
In the twenty-fifth year of Yuan Jia (448), Liu Jun left Xiangyang and was transferred to the post of general of Anbei and the governor of Southern Yanxu Yanqing, the military of Youliu Prefecture and Liang Commandery of Yuzhou, and the assassin of Xuzhou. Soon, he also served as the Assassin of Yanzhou.
During his more than three years in Xiangyang, it was the first time that Liu Jun had made outstanding achievements in military and civilian governance, not only establishing a high reputation, but also forging an opportunity with a number of famous generals of Liu Song.
Yuan Jia Caocao, Liu Junli rejected Northern Wei
In 439, the Northern Dynasty's reign of Emperor Taiwu of Northern Wei unified the north, ending the scuffle of the Sixteen Kingdoms and forming a north-south confrontation with the Southern Dynasty Liu Song. In February of the twenty-seventh year of Yuan Jia (450), Tuoba Tao led an army to invade the south, captured Ruyang, and went straight to The Hanging Urn. Emperor Wen of Song ordered Liu Jun to lead an army north to attack Ruyang. Liu Jun led 1,500 soldiers and horses to raid Ruyang, killing more than 3,000 Northern Wei troops, burning their weight, and rescuing a large number of Song people who had been captured by the Wei army, and the Wei army collapsed. However, the Wei army quickly drew rescue troops from the Tiger Prison to counterattack, and the Song army was defeated by insufficient troops and no backup, and only more than 900 people survived. Liu Jun was demoted to the rank of General of the Zhen Army because of his "first victory and then defeat". Soon, the Wei army lost the Battle of Hanging Urn, the grain and grass were cut off, and they were forced to withdraw their troops and return to the north.
Southern and Northern Dynasties Liu Song Northern Wei Situation Map
After the Northern Wei army withdrew, Emperor Wen of Song hastily launched the Second Northern Expedition only three months later. In July, Liu Songbing divided into three routes and launched a large-scale attack on Wei. The Wei army counterattacked from the south, and the soldiers entered the territory of Liu Song in four ways, and the soldiers pointed directly at the north bank of the Yangtze River. Due to insufficient preparations and the huge strength of the Northern Wei army, Liu Song's army was defeated and retreated, but Xu Yan'erzhou, who was guarding Pengcheng, was determined to hold out. However, at that time, Liu Yigong, the commander of Liu Song's three armies, was also stationed in Pengcheng and wanted to flee south of the city, but was dissuaded by Liu Jun and his subordinate Zhang Chang. Tuoba Tao led a large army to besiege Pengcheng, the Song army held the city, and the Wei army could not resist, so it bypassed Pengcheng and ran to Liucheng. Liu Jun sent his troops to advance the army led by Ji Xuanjing to Liucheng, and the Wei army failed to attack the city, bypassing Liucheng and continuing south, until after "drinking horses on the Yangtze River", Fang Waving's division returned north. On the way north of the Wei army, passing through Pengcheng tens of miles away from Wang Pi camped and repaired, Liu Jun and the generals of Pengcheng asked Liu Yigong to attack while the Wei soldiers were tired, but Liu Yigong was afraid and forbade the generals to lead their own troops to attack. The next day, Emperor Wen of Song ordered Liu Yigong to pursue the Edict of the Wei army to Pengcheng, and Liu Yigong sent Tan Hezhi's troops to pursue. When the Wei army learned that the pursuing army was coming, they killed the captured people of Guangling and retreated to Wei territory with light armor. Emperor Wen of Song was extremely angry and rebuked the defenders of the Six Prefectures of Jiangbei, and Liu Jun was demoted to the post of General of Northern Zhonglang due to the failure of the Song army of Pengcheng to intercept the Wei army on its way back to the north in time.
The unified army was brutal, and Liu Jun controlled the army
In the 28th year of Yuan Jia (451), Liu Jun was promoted to the position of governor of Southern Yanzhou and Southern Yanzhou, and Zhenshou Shanyang. Soon after, he was promoted to the governor of Jiangzhou, Jingzhou Jiangxia, Yuzhou Xiyang, Jinxi, Xincai Four Counties Military, Nanzhong Lang General, Jiangzhou Assassin History, and held the festival as before. In those years, when the Northern Expedition of the Liu Song Dynasty was defeated and the treasury was empty, the groups along the yangtze river raised troops one after another to rebel, and the soldiers were plagued by Huaishui and Rushui as far as the Yangtze River and Shuishui.
In the 29th year of Yuan Jia (452), Emperor Wen of Song sent Liu Jun's governor Jiang Yongyu (江雍豫荆四州) to join forces with the barbarians, and sent Shen Qingzhi ( 沈庆之 ) , a lieutenant of the Crown Prince's Infantry School , to participate in the barbarism.
In the first month of the thirtieth year of Yuan Jia (453), Liu Jun led the barbarian armies from Xunyang (present-day Jiujiang, Jiangxi) to Wuzhou (present-day southwest of Hubei), taking the lead in the crusade against the rebel group of Wushui man in Xiyang. Shen Qingzhi and others rushed from Bashui to Wuzhou to meet Liu Jun.
The palace was troubled, and Liu Jun raised an army to seize the throne
On February 21, 453, the thirtieth year of Yuan Jia (453), the crown prince Liu Shao suddenly launched a rebellion and killed Emperor Wen of Song. Liu Jun's troops quickly returned Dong Yuansi from Jiankang and informed Liu Jun of the news, and Liu Jun immediately recalled all the troops who were suppressing the barbarians on the front line, and prepared to raise an army against Liu Shao. At this time, Liu Shao's secret letter to Shen Qingzhi, a lieutenant of the Crown Infantry Colonel, had also arrived, in which he ordered Shen Qingzhi to kill Liu Jun. Shen Qingzhi refused to rebel and defected to Liu Jun's command. Therefore, Liu Jun issued a letter of rebellion, denouncing Liu Shao's crime of usurping the throne with "a great rebellion that has never been seen in eternity", and raised troops from Jiangzhou to attack Liu Shao, and the military towns on all sides raised troops in response. In April, Liu Jun's army attacked Xinting in the south of Jiankang City, and shen Qingzhi, Liu Yuanjing, Zong Wei, Liu Xiuzhi, Zhu Xiuzhi and other generals persuaded him to become emperor. On May 4, jiankang was attacked, and Shao and The King of Sixing rebelled and ambushed. The following year, it was changed to Yuan Xiaojian.
Cut the domain to quell the chaos Liu Junxiaowu reformed the system
After Liu Jun ascended the throne, he "did not want to have authority over others, but personally observed the affairs of shu" (Book of Song), and was an emperor who was quite accomplished and actively reformed the system.
--Patriarchal administration: In the first year of Xiao Jian (454), in order to strengthen his control over the Jingzhou region, Liu Jun ordered Liu Yixuan, who had been serving as the assassin of Jingzhou for ten years, to be the prime minister and the assassin of Yangzhou, in order to weaken his strength, but Liu Yixuan was reluctant to leave Jingzhou and surrender his military power. The Che general and Jiangzhou Assassin Shi Zang Had different ambitions and wanted to use Liu Yixuan's hand to seize power in the world, so they took the opportunity to unite with Shi Xu of Yanzhou and Shi Lushuang of Yuzhou to encourage Liu Yixuan to rebel. In February, Liu Yixuan proclaimed himself emperor in Jingzhou and raised an army to revolt. In June, under the combined forces of Shen Qingzhi, Liu Yuanjing, Liu Xiuzhi, Zhu Xiuzhi, Zong Wei, Wang Xuanmo, Xue Andu, Yuan Huzhi, and Zong Yue, Liu Yixuan fled back to Jiangling and was hunted and killed by Zhu Xiuzhi.
After quelling Liu Yixuan's rebellion, Emperor Xiaowu liu jun basically no longer trusted and reused the princes of the clan, except for the seventh brother Liu Hong, the prince of Jianping, who was reused for "being humble and frugal, and a lixian successor", in the appointment of important local prefectures and towns out of the town, zhu Xiuzhi, the former subordinate of the shogunate, was the history of Jingzhou, with Tanhezhi and Shen Qingzhi as the history of southern Yanzhou, With Liu Yansun as the history of southern Xuzhou, and with Yuanhuzhi, Shen Tan, and Wang Xuanmo as the history of Xuzhou' assassination, breaking Emperor Wu's testament and Liu Song's rotation since the opening of the dynasty. The situation in xuzhou and other important states, in addition to the xiaowu emperor's dynasty, there were almost no appointments from the town of Zongfu.
In addition, Liu Jun also killed Liu Shuo the King of Nanping and Liu Hun the King of Wuchang, and quelled the rebellions of Liu Shi, the King of Jinling, and Liu Xiumao, the King of Hailing. When Liu Shuo, the King of Nanping, was the king of the domain, he often insulted Liu Jun, who was the least valued by Emperor Wen of Song at that time, and had a bad relationship with Liu Jun. After Liu Shao killed Emperor Wen, Liu Shuo made a mistake in taking sides, and his troops returned to Liu Shao and confronted Liu Jun. After Liu Shao's defeat, Liu Shuo surrendered to Liu Jun and was made a Sikong by Liu Jun. In the thirtieth year of Yuan Jia (453), after Liu Jun stabilized the political situation, Liu Shuo had different ambitions and gave medicine to die, at the age of twenty-three.
In the second year of Xiao Jian (455), Liu Hun, the king of Wuchang, played with his left and right to write a play and proclaimed himself the king of Chu. After the incident, Emperor Xiaowu's Liu Jun ordered Liu Hun to be dismissed as a Shuren and sent to Shi'an Commandery( Shuan County). He also sent an envoy to rebuke him and forced Liu Hun to commit suicide at the age of seventeen.
--Politically: Liu Jun "has the main authority and independent fortune, the officials are placed in hundreds of divisions, and the power is not fake", strengthening the centralization of power and strengthening the imperial power. The title of "Record Shang Shu Shi" was removed, and the lower-ranking officials of Shangshu Province, Such as Shang Shu Lang, Shang Shu Ling Shi, and Zhongshu Sheren, were allowed to handle the affairs of the central cardinals, while the Shang Shu Ling and Shang Shu servants held by the Shi clan only had the power to sign official documents. Two officials were divided into Shangshu, the Five Soldiers Shangshu was abolished, and the power to select officials was completely transferred to the emperor. Reusing the Cold Gate, Shen Qingzhi and Liu Yuanjing successively became the Three Dukes, setting a precedent for the Southern Dynasty Hanmen to be promoted to the Three Dukes by military merit. Yan Shibo, Yan Jun, Liu Xiuzhi, Bao Zhao, Xue Andu, Liu Yuanyi and a large number of hanmen and jiangnan natives were reused. It also changed the number of prefectures and towns, and set up Wang Qi to weaken local forces. Yangzhou was divided into two prefectures, Yangzhou and Eastern Yangzhou; Xiangzhou (湘州, in modern Changsha, Hunan), which had been abolished since the Eastern Jin Dynasty, was permanently divided into eight counties, including Changsha, which was formerly under the command of Jingzhou; and later divided into eight counties of Jingzhou, Xiangzhou, Jiangzhou, and Yuzhou, which were placed in Yingzhou (in present-day Wuhan, Hubei), spanning several prefectures; dividing Jingzhou counties and counties to enrich the Yongzhou Wushitu County in Xiangyang, so that the important town of Yongzhou was formed; the Southern Barbarian Lieutenant was abolished, and his battalion was moved to Jiankang, effectively weakening the source of Jingzhou's heavy troops, and Jingzhou could no longer threaten the Jiankang dynasty. In the more than 100 years since the Eastern Jin Dynasty was partial to Anjiangzuo, the two prefectures of Jing and Yang, which threatened the central government, were threatened several times, and through the reform of the political districts of Emperor Xiaowu, a pattern of mutual restraint between the five prefectures of Jing, Yong, Ying, Yang, and Dongyang was formed, and the situation of threatening the capital Jiankang was completely ended. A total of seven counties were set up in the six counties of Yangzhou and the southern County of Xuzhou, and Wang Qi was set up as the area under the direct responsibility of the central dispatch agency, which was higher than the status of the prefectures outside the ki, and established a state form with the central Wang Qi as the core to control the four sides. The establishment of the canon system, the appointment of han men with real talent and practical learning as state and town codes, responsible for reporting to the state and town priorities, conveying central orders, and assisting local governors in handling affairs, and having the power to report the situation directly to the imperial court at any time, strengthened the control of the clan and officials in the out-of-town areas. Through a series of reforms, a political governance pattern of "cold people holding the secret, wufu holding the military power, and signing and controlling the state town" was formed, and it became the political practice of the Southern Dynasty.
-- Economically: persuading peasants to take lessons, curbing mergers, alleviating poverty, reducing rents, building water conservancy, streamlining institutions, banning rivers and seas, restricting the sealing of mountains and water by the scholars, prohibiting the emperor's relatives and dignitaries from doing business for profit, and resuming the ceremony of the emperor personally cultivating the land. The levy of rent for overseas Chinese in Southern Xuzhou and the end of the privilege of rent-free and non-territorial demarcation of 220,000 overseas Chinese households in Southern Xuzhou, where the Jingkou Beifu system was located since the founding of the Liu Song Dynasty, made Southern Xuzhou officially included in the scope of the Liu Song Court's land break and household registration, which not only increased the state household taxation, but also dealt a heavy blow to the meritorious and powerful families. In carrying out the policy of nationality inspection, all the scholars who intermarried with merchants and engaged in private business were deposed as generals, and those who fled and refused to serve were punished by military law. The counties and counties of Yongzhou were withdrawn and merged, and the displaced people of Nandu were combined with the land, and the three counties and sixteen counties belonging to Yongzhou were one county, and the remaining thirteen counties of the province were placed in the province. Divide the county of Shitu county as the border of qiao county, and carry out the membership. It also exempts military households from becoming civilians and makes them included in the state's households. It is necessary to set up Taiwan transmission institutions, strengthen the central finances, and open up the Southern Dynasty Taiwan transmission institutions and the Taiwan transmission royal history to supervise local finances.
--In terms of criminal law: Liu Jun was very concerned about the interrogation of criminal law, and there are many records in the Book of Song about Liu Jun personally hearing lawsuits, and he is one of the few emperors in history who is keen on the rectification of criminal law and the reform of the legal system. It is stipulated that in death penalty cases, the county taishou must personally participate in the trial, "If the two thousand stones cannot be decided, it is a lieutenant of the court." Outside the shenzhou system, the history of the thorn was moved, and the history of the thorn was doubtful, and it was also returned to Taiwan Prison. The dead will not complain, and the living will have no hatred" "Since they are not in the army to fight Chen, they must not be killed exclusively." Those whose sins are very serious are as necessary to report as in the old days, and they are strictly scrutinized. The perpetrator is guilty of homicide. This is the first time in China's history that a death penalty review system has been established.
--Militaryly: Liu Jun "initially set up the temple gate and the Upper Gate of the Tun Soldiers" and established the Zhige General System. It also restored the system of military attachés for wei lieutenants abolished since the Wei and Jin dynasties, and at the same time restored the five senses of the middle lang general, the left and right middle lang generals, the wu wei generals, the martial horse chang attendants, etc., strengthened the central janissary military power, and controlled the military power with the supervision of the bureau. From the system, the system of controlling the janissaries and the exclusive military strength and directly obeying the emperor was established, and the direct control of the imperial power over the army was established.
In his later years, Liu Jun was full of controversy
In the later period of the reign of Emperor Xiaowu Liu Jun, he gradually changed the style of exerting efforts to govern and simplifying the administration of the army in the early period. On the one hand, the construction of civil engineering was carried out, the palace room was expanded, the palace room where Emperor Wu lived was destroyed, and the Jade Candle Hall was built. When Liu Jun and the chancellor inspected the scene, they saw that there was still a section of earthen wall at the head of the bed in the old room, and there were ma ge lanterns and twine flies hanging on the wall, and Yuan Yan praised emperor Liu Yu's frugal and simple virtues, but Liu Jun did not think so: "Tian Shegong got this, thinking it was too much!" On the one hand, he coveted pleasure, "drank all day, rarely woke up", and even gambled with the people who gathered in Beijing to assassinate shi until they won all their money. After the death of the favored concubine Yin Guifei, Liu Jun requisitioned a large number of people's strength, excavated a thick burial in Longshan Mountain Road for tens of miles, and several times went to the tomb of Yin Guifei with his subordinates to pay homage, and greatly rewarded those who showed "outstanding sorrow" in mourning.
Liu Jun was one of the three most outstanding emperors of the Liu Song Dynasty, Liu Yu, who was comparable to his father, Emperor Wen of Song, who founded the rule of Yuan Jia, and the martial arts of Wenzhi were remarkable. However, he was also a very controversial emperor, although he did not take a holiday, only reigned for twelve years, and died early at the age of thirty-five, but he also quickly performed a "former light and then dark" imperial tragicomedy. His biggest controversy is two:
The first is derived from the Official History Book of Wei of the Northern Wei Dynasty written by Wei Shu, "Jun was promiscuous, steamed his mother Lu Shi, and the sound of filth was spread in Ouyue." The following obscenity is called "steaming", saying that Liu Jun and his mother Lu Shi committed adultery and incest. However, the Book of Wei is the official history of the Southern Dynasty Liu Song's sworn enemy of the Northern Wei Dynasty, taking the Bei ethnic group of North Korea as the orthodox, and the ability to slander and smear the emperors of the Southern Dynasty is extremely defamatory, and its credibility is low. The Book of Song, written by Nanqi Shenyue, whose contemporaneous book was written earlier than the Book of Wei, once said that Liu Jun often lined the palace maids in the Xianyang Palace where Empress Lu lived, resulting in folk rumors that there were ulterior motives in between, but at the same time it was also clearly pointed out that "the secrets of the palace affairs cannot be discerned." Even Shen Yue, the author of the Book of Song, was killed by the Xiaowu Emperor Liu Jun for supporting Liu Shaojun, and had a vendetta against Liu Jun for killing his father and destroying his family, so Shen Yue had a lot of ridicule and cursing against Liu Jun in the Book of Song, abbreviated his merits and government, exaggerated his shortcomings, and "many years of filial piety and blasphemy." Tang Liu Zhiji's "Stone" defended Liu Jun on this matter: "Wei received the party to attach the Northern Dynasty, especially to the southern kingdom, and accepted its deceit, and imposed it heavily." Suiyun Ma Rui was out of Niu Jin, and Liu Jun was on the Lu clan. It can be described as a disaster for the abuse and the blessing of the people. "Shen Shi wrote books in order to slander the ancestors, Yu Jin made strange remarks, and in the Song Dynasty there were many slanderous remarks, and the previous history contained them has been ridiculed for its absurdity." The Qing Dynasty historian Zhang Xuecheng wrote in "Literature and History Tongyi. The Book of Shi De also commented: "Wei Harvest's correction, Shen Yue's evil, those who read his books, first do not believe in his people... The person who suffers from the heart of the husband is said to have the heart of a gentleman, and the cultivation is not at the bottom of the pure. In addition, the Book of Song's unfair evaluation of Emperor Xiaowu and a large number of disrespectful remarks may also be related to Liu Jun's brother Liu Jun's brother Liu Yu's son Liu Yu's son Liu Ziye usurped the throne, and did his best to condemn Liu Jun's children, and it is reasonable for Emperor Song Ming to defame his brother Liu Jun and his nephew Liu Ziye Second Emperor in order to prove the legitimacy of his own accession to the throne.
The second is that the Tang Dynasty Li Yanshou's "History of the South" refers to Liu Jun and his uncle Liu Yixuan's daughters incest, and canonized one of them as Yin Shuyi's great favorite. Liu Jun's contemporary historical works "Book of Song", "Book of Wei", and "Jiankang Shilu" do not record that Yin Shuyi was Liu Yixuan's daughter, let alone record the incest between Liu Jun and Liu Yixuan's daughters, so it can be seen that this matter should be smeared and falsely rumored. Sima Guang's Zizhi Tong Jian Kao Yi pointed out that "Yin Shuyi was the daughter of Liu Yixuan" and there is no historical evidence for circumstantial evidence. It is said that Yin Shuyi was only a prostitute and maid in Yin Yan's mansion, and was given by Yin Yan to Liu Yixuan, who "liked women's sex" and "raised as many as a thousand concubines", and Liu Yixuan entered the palace after the failure of the rebellion. Even the source of the controversy, the History of the South, also records the above two accounts about Yin Shuyi's identity, proving that Li Yanshou himself was confused about this matter and could not distinguish it.
On February 16, 464, emperor Xiaowu of the Song Dynasty, Liu Jun, died at the Jade Candle Hall at the age Chinese New Year's Eve of five at the age of five, and was buried in the Yanshan Mountain View Ning Mausoleum in Moling County, Danyang. He was succeeded by Five, namely Dazai Liu Yigong, Shang Shu Ling Liu Yuanjing, Duke Shen Qingzhi of Sixing, Shang Shu Zhongshi Yan Shibo, and the leading general Wang Xuanmo ( Wang Xuanmo ) to assist the government, and the crown prince Liu Ziye succeeded to the throne. After Liu Ziye succeeded to the throne, he restored the old system of Emperor Yuanjia of Song, rebelled against the law, imprisoned the kings, tortured and killed the ministers, and caused turmoil in the government and the opposition, reigning for only more than a year, and in the winter of the first year of Jinghe (January 466), he was killed by Liu Yu and others, the king of Xiangdong, at the age of seventeen, and buried in Tanxi, a southern suburb of Moling County, Danyang County, as a former deposed emperor. The great foundations pioneered by Emperor Wu Liu Yu, Emperor Wen Liu Yilong, and Emperor Xiaowu Liu Jun quickly declined, and the clan fell into chaos. Thirteen years later, in 479 AD, Liu Song died in the 59th year of his reign, only the fourth and tenth emperors.
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