Ancient Singing: Cui Hao's inscription poem Yellow Crane Tower

Zhao Hanqing Liu Xinhua

When it comes to the Yellow Crane Tower in Wuchang, it is natural to think of the best poem written by Cui Hao in the Tang Dynasty:

The people of the past have gone by the Yellow Crane, and the Yellow Crane Tower is empty here.

The yellow crane is gone, and the white clouds are long in the air.

Harukawa calendar Hanyang tree, yerba buena parrot island.

Where is the Nippori Pass, the Yanbo River makes people sad.

The Yellow Crane Tower is one of the famous monuments and tourist attractions in China. The creation of the Yellow Crane Tower is said to be as far away as the Three Kingdoms period. But its real fame was after Cui Hao wrote this poem. Because of this poem, not only did the Yellow Crane Tower become famous for eternity, but even Wuhan also gained the reputation of "the place of the White Cloud Yellow Crane".

Cui Hao's poem was revered by Yan Yu of the Song Dynasty as a work of the Seven Laws of the Tang Dynasty. In concise language and using beautiful myths and legends, it writes about the origin of the Yellow Crane Tower, the feeling of nostalgia caused by what you saw and touched the scenery. It has made many celebrities in future generations look forward to writing and becoming a song for eternity.

There have always been many different legends about the Yellow Crane Tower and the "people of the past" in Cui Hao's poems:

The earliest record of this is in the Book of Southern Qi. Its "Chronicle of Prefectures and Counties" says: "Xiakou City is based on the Yellow Crane Rock, and the ancestral immortal Zi An took the Yellow Crane through this place." ”

Later in his Liang Renfang "Shuyi Ji", it is said: "Xun Biao, the character Shuwei, lurking but grain, taste the east to enjoy the Summer Yellow Crane Tower." Looking at the southwest, something has suddenly descended from Xiao Han, and Russia has arrived, and it is the guest of the crane. Crane stops at the side of the house, the immortal sits, the feather rainbow dress, the guest and the host are happy. Having resigned, the crane took off and disappeared. ”

During the Tang and Song dynasties, Yan Boli wrote the "Yellow Crane Tower" and Song Leshi's "Taiping Huanyu Record", both of which are said to be Fei Yi Dengxian, who often rode the Yellow Crane to rest here, because of his name.

After the Tang and Song dynasties, people pulled this matter to Lü Dongbin, one of the Eight Immortals. According to Chu Ren's "Collection of Jianhuan", "According to legend, during the Tang Dynasty, Lü Chunyang tasted this place, tired of living in the restaurant, drinking several pots a day, tired to hundreds; not paying the value, asking for drinks, and the master provided no tiredness." Pure Yang Xizhi. Suitable for watermelon, so I drew a crane on the wall with melon skin. At the beginning, the color melon skin is green, and after a long time, it becomes a yellow crane. Chunyang also taught the children of the restaurant to sing Taoist words and knock themselves on the board for festivals. When the song was sung, the crane flew down from the wall and danced. Watch drinkers, thousands of people a day. After months of reading, the restaurant gets millions of dollars and suddenly becomes rich. Pure yang is rewarded with money, and pure yang is not affected. So this building zhi sense, so the name of the Yellow Crane Tower. ”

In addition, much like the above story, it is the statement quoted in the "Chronicle of Jiangxia County" in the "Record of Bao'en". According to it, the city drinker is Xin Shi, the drinker is a Taoist, the crane painting is used orange peel, and the building built is Xin's Building.

Along with Cui Haoshi, there is also a story about Li Bai. According to the Qing Dynasty Wang Qi quoted Yang Shen of the Ming Dynasty in the annotations to the Complete Works of Li Taibai: Li Bai passed through Wuchang, saw Cui Hao's "Yellow Crane Tower" poem, sighed, so he did not repeat it, and went to give Jinling Phoenix Terrace to compare victory and defeat. Subsequently, the Zen monks used this as a cloud:

One punch shattered the Yellow Crane Tower, and one kick overturned parrot Island. There is a scene in front of you, and Cui Hao's inscription poem is on the top.

This incident was originally borrowed from Taibai's rhetoric, not Taibai's poem. After a long time, people believe it to be true. At the beginning of the Song Dynasty, there was a poem "Yellow Crane Tall Building Has Been Broken" by Taibai "After Drunken Answering Eighteen...", and the history of music compiled Taibai's posthumous poem was collected. Xie Xueshi (Jin) book Taibai Shiyun: "Also smashed the Yellow Crane Tower, also kicked over the parrot island", straight to the youling joke, Taibai Yi He unfortunate yes! But Wang Qi did not agree with Yang Shen's statement. He said that in Li Bai's poem "Jiangxia Gives Wei Nanling Bing", there was originally a sentence that "I crushed the Yellow Crane Tower for Jun, and Jun also fell for me but Parrot Island". Playing this poem, there may really be a thing to crush the Yellow Crane Tower. The two poems mentioned above are found in Volumes 11 and 19 of the Complete Works of Li Bai, respectively. Interested comrades, naturally can take a look. However, it is also wrong to say that Li Bai did not write the Yellow Crane Tower because of Cui Hao's poems. We know that Li Bai has two popular poems, which are related to the Yellow Crane Tower. One of the poems is:

The late man said the Yellow Crane Tower in the west, and the fireworks went down to Yangzhou in March.

The lone sail is far away and the blue sky is gone, only to see the skyline of the Yangtze River.

——" The Yellow Crane Tower Sends Meng Haoran to the Guangling Tomb"

The second is:

First, for the relocation of guests to Changsha, looking west to Chang'an and not seeing home.

The jade flute is blown in the Yellow Crane Tower, and plum blossoms fall in Jiangcheng in May.

- "Listening to the Flute on the Yellow Crane Tower with Shi Lang Zhongqin"

It is said that Wuhan is also called "Jiangcheng", or it comes from Li Bai's poem.

The Yellow Crane Tower is so famous, so what was the yellow crane tower of the past? For thousands of years, because of repeated construction and destruction, before the Tang Dynasty, we can no longer know its end. What we can see now is the Song painting of the Yellow Crane Tower. It is a central pavilion of high-rise buildings surrounded by houses, and the shape is quite exquisite. The Yellow Crane Tower of the Qing Dynasty is a single three-story high-rise building, which can be seen in the photos of guangxu seven years (1881) before the fire. Qian Yong, a Qing dynasty, said of it: "Its building is seven feet high, the cornice is painted, and the eight sides are exquisite." Climbing the tower and looking, the sails are thousands of trees, fireworks and fireworks, and the real grand view is also. The poet Pan Qian has a poem: "The west peak meanders into the river, pressing on the tall building for half a day." The three layers are adjacent to the three xiaoxiao, and the eight sides are flat when the eight winds rise. Looking at the mirage from a distance, the close eyes are stacked with xiaqi. "It is very majestic to see.

In the past, the Yellow Crane Tower was once a place where celebrities visited and drank poems. Many famous people in history have visited this place. In addition to Cui Hao and Li Bai, there are also footprints of Bai Juyi, Su Dongpo, Lu You, Fan Chengda, Huang Zunxian and others. Of course, due to the limitations of the times, what they express here is mostly a low, sad mood about personal encounters and parting feelings. In 1927, the great man of his youth came here and, with his Ling Yunjian pen that swept through thousands of armies, wrote a glorious poem that shocked thousands of years- "Bodhisattva Man Yellow Crane Tower":

The vast nine schools flow through China, and the sinking line runs through the north and south.

Smoke and rain are reckless, and turtles and snakes lock the river.

Huang He knows where to go, and there are tourists left.

The wine is poured out, and the mood is high.

After the founding of New China, the party and the government have always been very concerned about the reconstruction of the Yellow Crane Tower. In September 1957, when inspecting the Yangtze River Bridge, the great man instructed that it should be rebuilt, which is a historical antiquity. Later, with the support and assistance of the central government and various relevant departments, the Yellow Crane Tower was rebuilt. The address of the reconstructed Yellow Crane Tower will be chosen on the top of Snake Mountain, about one kilometer from the Yangtze River. The main building has five floors, is 49 meters high, and has a spire. On all four sides of the building, all are roll-up archways. The building adopts the traditional form of heavy eaves, and the flavor of ancient architecture is strong. The façade is square and easy to view from all angles. In addition to the main building, the planning is also built at the same time: the White Pagoda Ningyi, the Xianju Pavilion, the Shizhao Pavilion, the Yellow Crane Return Small Scene, the Monument Corridor, the Mountain Gate, and so on.

The "Yellow Crane" of the past has returned today.

bibliography:

"Yellow Crane Tower Poetry and Literature Joint Anthology"

Author: Zhang Chengjie

Publisher: Huazhong Institute of Technology Press

Published: 1984

The Legend of the Yellow Crane Tower

Author: Han Zhizhong

Publisher: Changjiang Literature and Art

Printing time: 1985