<h1 class="pgc-h-arrow-right" data-track="15" > Wang Junjun's team: green tea polyphenols or can adjust enterobacter to treat enteritis</h1>
Microbiome——[14.65]
(1) In the mouse model of DSS-induced colitis, oral administration of green tea polyphenol EGCG (epigallocatechin gallate) can alleviate colon inflammation, oxidative stress of the intestinal mucosa and barrier dysfunction, while colonic administration has no such effect; (2) these protective effects are related to EGCG changing the composition and function of the intestinal flora, including increasing the abundance of Ackermannia spp. and promoting the production of short-chain fatty acids such as butyric acid; (3) preventive oral EGCG before inducing colitis can also change the intestinal flora of mice. Alleviates DSS-induced colitis; (4) Fecal bacteria transplantation experiments have demonstrated that the beneficial effects of EGCG are mediated by the intestinal microbiota.
【Editor-in-Chief's Comments】
Dietary polyphenols are a class of micronutrients found in many plant-based foods (such as red wine, chocolate, and green tea) and have multiple health benefits. Green tea polyphenol EGCG (epigallocatechin gallate) has anti-inflammatory activity and may help improve inflammatory bowel disease (IBD), but it is unclear what role the gut microbiota plays in it. Microbiome has published research from Wang Junjun's team at China Agricultural University, revealing the important role of intestinal flora in the anti-enteritis efficacy of EGCG and providing new insights for dietary therapy to improve gastrointestinal diseases such as IBD. （@mildbreeze）
【Original information】
Gut microbiota from green tea polyphenol-dosed mice improves intestinal epithelial homeostasis and ameliorates experimental colitis
2021-09-07, doi: 10.1186/s40168-021-01115-9
<h1 class="pgc-h-arrow-right" data-track="24" > domestic team: How does TMAO aggravate high blood pressure? </h1>
Redox Biology——[11.799]
(1) Plasma TMAO levels in hypertensive patients were positively correlated with blood pressure; (2) In Ang II-induced hypertensive mice, TMAO increased systolic blood pressure and caused vasoconstriction, and antibiotic therapy reduced TMAO production and improved Ang II-induced hypertension; (3) Ang II induced an increase in the release of Ca2+ in glomerous arterioles and vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMC) after TMAO treatment; (4) TMAO pretreatment VSMC activated PERK/ROS/CaMKII// PlCβ3 pathway, PERK, ROS, CaMKII, and PLCβ3 inhibitors impair the effect of TMAO on Ca2+ release; (5) TMAO thus exacerbates Ang II-induced hypertension by activating the PERK/ROS/CaMKII/PLCβ3/Ca2+ pathway.
Intestinal flora metabolic derivative trimethylamine (TMAO) has been linked to a variety of chronic diseases such as chronic kidney disease, diabetes, obesity and atherosclerosis. Zheng Zhihua of the Seventh Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Qichun Wei of the Second Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang University School of Medicine, and Ann Lai of Zhejiang University recently published a study at Redox Biology, reporting that TMAO can aggravate hypertension induced by angiotensin II (Ang II) and revealing the pathway mechanism behind it. These findings shed new light on the pathogenesis of hypertension, suggesting that TMAO, or potential therapeutic targets and biomarkers for hypertension, suggests. （@mildbreeze）
Gut microbiota dependent trimethylamine N-oxide aggravates angiotensin II-induced hypertension
2021-08-25, doi: 10.1016/j.redox.2021.102115
<h1 class="pgc-h-arrow-right" data-track="32" > changes in the gut microbiota of patients with ageing macular degeneration and their association with the complement system</h1>
npj Genomic Medicine——[8.617]
(1) 57 patients with neovascular AMD and 58 healthy controls were included; (2) Negativicutes was enriched in the intestinal flora of patients, and Oscillibacter and Bacteroides were more abundant in the intestinal flora of healthy controls; (3) similar differences in intestinal flora composition were observed in wild-type mice and C3-deficient mice; (4) SNP of complement factor B gene was more abundant in healthy controls. The SNP of the HTRA1 gene and the complement factor H gene was more abundant in patients, and (5) Negativicutes could be used as a potential biomarker to distinguish AMD from healthy controls, and was positively correlated with the CFH3 genotype (rs1061170) of the complement factor H gene.
A new study published in npj Genomic Medicine compared and identified differences in the composition of the gut microbiota in patients with neovascular age-related macular degeneration (AMD) from healthy controls, and found that specific taxa were also associated with the genotype of complement factor H in patients while distinguishing patients from healthy controls. (@Shen Zhixun)
Associations of the intestinal microbiome with the complement system in neovascular age-related macular degeneration
2021-09-01, doi: 10.1038/s41525-020-00141-0
<h1 class="pgc-h-arrow-right" data-track="40" > a new bacterium that degrades human intestinal mucin</h1>
Gut Microbes——[10.245]
(1) In vitro cultures showed that Allobaculum mucolyticum could be grown using dietary glycans and host glycans (mucin O-glycans); (2) 60 potential carbohydrate-active enzymes (CAZymes) were identified from its genome, and 49 species were identified by mass spectrometry in cultures and bacterial lysates, including 18 secretory CAZymes that targeted mucin O-glycan; (3) Functional activity experiments showed that these CAZymes could hydrolyze covalent bonds between multiple monosaccharides; (4) A. mucolyticum effectively degraded mucotin O-glycan by secreting a large number of mucin-degrading enzymes, and further utilized the released galactose, GlcNAc and GalNAc for growth.
For many bacterial species associated with human disease, the inner mucus layer is an important niche. Allobaculum mucolyticum is a bacterium of the erysipelas family that may interact closely with the intestinal epithelium and is associated with inflammatory bowel disease (IBD). A recent study published by Gut Microbes suggests that this bacterium degrades the mucin O-glycan in the mucus layer of the intestinal epithelium and may be its potential mechanism for promoting IBD. （@mildbreeze）
Identification of Allobaculum mucolyticum as a novel human intestinal mucin degrader
2021-08-30, doi: 10.1080/19490976.2021.1966278
<h1 class="pgc-h-arrow-right" data-track="48" > Jiangnan University: Lactobacillus plantarum CFM8661 reduces phenylpropene-induced toxicity</h1>
Frontiers in Immunology——[7.561]
(1) Lactobacillus plantarum CFM8661 with the strongest binding capacity was screened by phenylpropene pyrene binding experiments, and oral CFM8661 in in vivo experiments also reduced the concentration of phenylpropene in feces after phenylpropene treatment; (2) absentee experiments showed that phenylpropene could induce anxiety-like behavior in mice, and oral CFM8661 could improve symptoms; (3) CCFM8661 could reduce the level of oxidative stress in the brain (malonal MDA) and tumor-related gene expression (Bcl-2, p53). (4) CCFM8661 significantly improved phenylpropene-induced colonic damage, restoration of intestinal flora diversity and structure, and SCFAs production.
Tian Fengwei of Jiangnan University published an article in Frontiers in Immunology and found that the probiotic CFM8661 with strong binding ability of phenylpropene pyrene alleviates the acute toxicity induced by phenylpropene 8661 by regulating the intestinal flora, indicating that supplementation with CFM8661 is an effective and simple dietary intervention against phenylpropene pyrene induced toxicity. (@Love Choice)
The Protection of CCFM8661 Against Benzopyrene-Induced Toxicity Regulation of the Gut Microbiota
2021-08-10, doi: 10.3389/fimmu.2021.736129
<h1 class="pgc-h-arrow-right" data-track="56" > probiotic BB-12 can help restore homeostasis in the human gut</h1>
Nutrients——[5.717]
(1) Subjects were first administered amoxicillin/clavulanate (days 1-7) and BB-12 or control yogurt (days 1-14), recruited a total of 62 participants, and tested the short-chain fatty acid levels and flora composition of the stool on days 0, 7, 14, 21 and 30; (2) antibiotic treatment inhibited fecal acetate levels in both groups, and after discontinuation, the probiotic group gradually returned to baseline levels while the control group remained suppressed; (3) on day 7, antibiotic treatment reduced the intestinal flora diversity of the two groups, The control group had a larger and more persistent change than the probiotic group, which was consistent with the hypothesis that BB-12 promoted flora recovery; (4) there was no significant difference in baseline between the two groups.
The use of broad-spectrum antibiotics is often associated with antibiotic-associated diarrhea (AAD) and affects homeostasis of the gastrointestinal tract, leading to an overall decrease in the number and diversity of the intestinal flora, as well as a decrease in the production of short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs). A recent article by Nutrients found that healthy subjects who took both antibiotics and BB-12 yogurt found that the decline in fecal SCFA levels was significantly smaller over time and the taxonomic characteristics of the microbiota were more stable over time. (@Love Choice)
subsp. BB-12 Protects against Antibiotic-Induced Functional and Compositional Changes in Human Fecal Microbiome
2021-08-17, two: 10.3390/nu13082814
<h1 class="pgc-h-arrow-right" data-track="64" >FROGS: A powerful tool for analyzing fungal diversity</h1>
Briefings in Bioinformatics——[11.622]
(1) FROGS is an easy-to-use tool that uses intelligent methods to handle internal transcriptional space area (ITS) amplicon sequences and is equally suitable and efficient for all other non-mergeable amplicons; (2) FROGS is compared to many popular macro barcode tools and has proven to be very sensitive to reliable OTU sequence recombination; (3) FROGS produces very few false positives and false negatives with excellent recall and accuracy; (4) FROGS is easy to learn, It can be used both on the web page and on the command line.
The most common marker for detecting fungi is ITS, but there is one major drawback: PCR may produce non-overlapping read lengths in a large number of fungi. When these read lengths are filtered out, the traditional macro barcode process loses some of the information, resulting in biased images of the composition and structure of the environment being studied. This study developed a solution, the FROGS tool, that can process the entire read long set, including overlapping and non-overlapping, to provide more accurate characterization of fungal communities. The authors demonstrated the effectiveness of their solution using comparative tests using simulated and real data, which can be used on the command line or through a Galaxy-based web interface. (@Yongxin Liu-CAS-Metagenomics)
FROGS: a powerful tool to analyse the diversity of fungi with special management of internal transcribed spacers
2021-08-19, two: 10.1093/bib/bbab318
<h1 class="pgc-h-arrow-right" data-track="72" > domestic team: tetrahydrocurcumin inhibits platelet activation and thrombosis</h1>
Thrombosis and Haemostasis——[5.249]
(1) Tetrahydrocurcumin (THC) can significantly reduce the secretion of agonist-induced human purified platelet particles in vitro, including the expression of CD62P and CD63, the release of platelet factors 4, CCL5 and ATP, in addition to inhibiting platelet aggregation; (2) THC and curcumin in vitro pretreatment platelets can inhibit the formation of thrombosis in mesenteric artery thrombosis model mice, and THC is better, but neither of them prolongs the tail bleeding time; (3) mechanically, THC intervenes in platelet thrombotin A2 (TxA2) The inhibitory effect of production and particle secretion is mediated in part by THC inhibition of platelet cytoplasmic phospholipase A2 (cPLA2) activation by down-regulating the MAPKs signaling pathway.
Platelet particle secretion plays a key role in atherosclerotic thrombosis, tetrahydrocurcuminin (THC) is one of the main metabolites of curcumin, recently published by Tulipori at the School of Public Health of Dali University as a corresponding author in Trombosis and Haemostasis showed that THC weakens platelet thrombose A2 (TxA2) production and particle secretion by inhibiting MAPKs/cPLA2 signaling, thereby inhibiting thrombosis, Suggests that THC has cardiovascular protective potential. Previously, a study published in Clin Exp Allergy (2018) by chenbinlin collaborator Chen Binlin (now working in the Nutrition Department of Guangxi Maternal and Child Health Hospital) and others demonstrated that dietary THC was more effective than curcumin in improving allergic airway inflammation in mice. (@Binlin Chen)
Tetrahydrocurcumin Downregulates MAPKs/cPLA2 Signaling and Attenuates Platelet Thromboxane A2 Generation, Granule Secretion, and Thrombus Growth
2021-08-24, two: 10.1055/s-0041-1735192
<h1 class="pgc-h-arrow-right" data-track="80" > be vigilant! Intestinal ischemia may be the first symptom of COVID-19</h1>
Journal of Internal Medicine——[8.989]
(1) 3 patients with severe intestinal symptoms showed significant SARS-CoV-2 positive in resected tissue, but without any common clinical manifestations of COVID-19, and multiple throat swabs tested negative for SARS-CoV-2; (2) Histological examination of all specimens showed extensive ischemic necrosis of the intestinal wall and gallbladder wall, intramural vascular thrombosis, vascular endotheliitis and neoangigenesis, and SARS-CoV-2 protein specific staining; (3) Fecal mouth infection/ Reinfection is a potential modality of SARS-CoV-2 transmission that warrants further investigation; (4) SARS-CoV-2 testing is recommended for resected samples from recent emergency cases of ischemia.
The first non-respiratory symptoms of COVID-19 are increasingly being reported, and the recent case report published by the Journal of Internal Medicine, which for the first time reported that intestinal ischemia symptoms may be the first symptom of COVID-19, once again shows that the fecal-oral route is a potential route of COVID-19 infection. （@mildbreeze）
Bowel ischemia as onset of COVID-19 in otherwise asymptomatic patients with persistently negative swab
2021-08-26, doi: 10.1111/joim.13385
Thanks to the creators of this issue of the daily: mildbreeze, Wang Xinyu, Shen Zhixun, Johnson, Love Choice, Bai Lanmu, Chen Binlin, Orchid
Click to read the daily newspaper for the past 10 days:
09-07 | PNAS focuses on "pet worries": the risk of Toxoplasma gondii or enteritis
09-06 | 39 minutes long review detailed explanation: with the microbiota as the center, can it really break through tumor immunity?
09-05 | Nature Food: A small step in diet, a big step in health
09-04 | 4 Articles focus on liver disease: how much is it related to the microflora?
09-03 | Zhai Qixiao and others the latest Microbiome: potential anti-aging bifidobacteria longum
09-02 | Zheng University First Hospital Ren Zhigang and other breakthroughs: oropharyngeal flora may be used to confirm the new crown
09-01 | In August, the 30 most worthwhile gut health articles to read!
08-31 | Cai Jun leads China's RCT to develop NEJM: elderly hypertension must be strengthened to lower blood pressure!
08-30 | Yu Jun's team issued another 22.7 points of gastrointestinal top journal: how high fat bad bacteria promote bowel cancer
08-29 | 16260 Chinese 9 years of tracking: how much carb should I eat to prevent diabetes?
08-28 | How do oral bacteria worsen enteritis? 46 points of review detailed explanation (with a figure to read)