Wen | insider
In 1999, Hu Run, a 29-year-old British boy who worked as an accountant in Shanghai, flipped through more than 100 newspapers, magazines and listed company statements, and finally got the names of 50 rich people on the mainland.
Using his professional expertise, he took these 50 names and compiled China's first rich list.
As soon as the list came out, the international media hit chicken blood and reacted strongly. The Financial Times says:
The socialist countries finally have capitalists!
Reuters commented:
China's decision to "get some people rich first" is not just talking.
For more than 20 years, Hurun has continuously updated the rich list, once a year. Up to now, 13 of China's richest people have been born: Rong Yiren, Liu Yonghao, Huang Guangyu, Zong Qinghou, Wang Chuanfu, Yang Huiyan, Wang Jianlin, Xu Jiayin, Ma Yun...
It's a lot of money.
These people are in industries that have played the role of wealth-making machines.
The change of China's richest man for more than 20 years is a history of hand-to-hand combat in industry, real estate and the Internet.
It is also a cross-cutting aspect of China's economic development.
In 1999, the 50th place on the rich list was Zhang Chaoyang, with a wealth of 50 million. In 2020, there are 4 individuals or families that rank 50th, including Wang Yusuo and his wife in the natural gas, energy and chemical industries, sitting on a wealth of 70 billion yuan.
50 million to 70 billion, in 21 years, the threshold of the top 50 has been raised 1400 times.
1
In 1998, before the list came out, the year "Huan Zhu Ge Ge" premiered.
The 34-year-old Zhang Chaoyang founded Sohu, a Tsinghua scholar and doctor at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology in the United States, who pushed Sohu to the NASDAQ in just 2 years.
At that time, Robin Li moved bricks in Silicon Valley and worked for a search engine company. Zhang Chaoyang called on him to return to China to create a great cause.
Li Yanhong thought twice and rejected Zhang Chaoyang.
Ma Yun, who runs a website in the Ministry of Foreign Trade and Economic Cooperation, found that eating public meals is not interesting, and decided to go to Sohu to try it and see what China's most powerful Internet companies are doing.
Zhang Chaoyang pondered for a moment and rejected Ma Yun.
Liu Qiangdong, 25, squeezed into Zhongguancun with 12,000 yuan to rent a small counter selling recorders and CDs. The counter is called "JD Multimedia", which is composed of one word each from the names of him and his ex-girlfriend.
Ma Huateng, a 27-year-old from an ordinary family who lives in a house older than others, called his classmate Zhang Zhidong, and the two registered Shenzhen Tencent as a joint venture.
Ding Lei's portal was officially launched, and he used 163 to register the company's domain name, named NetEase, which means "easy to access the Internet".
Except for Zhang Chaoyang, the heads of the others had not yet been raised.
In 1999, QQ just launched that meeting, and no one played. In order to retain users, Ma Huateng changed his avatar into a girl, started the first cosplay in his life, and then chatted online. Pretend that everything is hilarious.
Alibaba's story, when it first opened, was also unremarkable, and even a bit of "social death". No one wants to sell things online, and Ma Yun gave more than a dozen founders the task:
Each person took ten things out of their homes and hung them on the internet.
More than a dozen people bought and bought each other, buying themselves into eighteen arhats.
They are the grandfathers of Taobao brushing orders.
Wang Jianlin, who has been living in the mixed real estate circle for 10 years, is considered an old jianghu. The Wanda team created a myth of 55 unbeaten games in A A, and the corporate name has been launched.
Xu Jiayin has just completed his solo flight, and Evergrande has been in the third year of its establishment and is engaged in projects in Guangzhou.
Among the 50 names that Hurun put together, only Zhang Chaoyang was listed in the above group, ranking at the bottom of the list.
In front of him were Nian Guangjiu, who sold melon seeds, Zhao Zhangguang and Liu Xiaoqing, who made hair regeneration essence. At that time, the actor was still a pure actor, did not use part-time rinsers, and was active in front of the stage to earn "cool coins".
But no matter how many "cool" people earn every day, they are not as good as stock speculation: Xiaoyanzi flew into Ali Pictures and took away 20 "small targets" in the first war.
2
The first time he calculated the value of a rich man, the accountant Hurun was actually not sure, he asked people around: Who is the richest in China?
Everyone shook their heads.
At that time, China was undergoing great changes.
In March 1999, "the individual economy, the private economy and other non-public economies are an important part of the socialist market economy" was written into the Constitution.
For the first time, the non-public economy has a name. At the time of such a transition, pressing the title of the first richest man on the head of the Rong Yiren family shows that the accountant Hurun is really a Chinese master.
Leaders have said that the Rong family is the first household of China's national capitalists, and they are the only ones in the world who can be called a consortium.
As a red capitalist, Rong Yiren is not only flowing with wealth, but also the characteristics of the times.
During the Republic of China period, the Rong family in Wuxi was definitely a symbol of wealth. At that time, there was a saying circulating:
The Rong family has half a world of food and clothing.
Rong Desheng's father, Rong Yiren, was the king of flour and textiles in China, and he was also involved in finance and education, and was the richest man in China at that time. The capitalists at that time more or less cherished the ideal of "industry saving the country".
Later, it was passed down to Rong Yiren.
Soon after the founding of New China, the central government put forward the call for public-private partnership, and Rong Yiren handed over a huge family business to the state.
He himself was transferred from business to government, and successively served as vice mayor of Shanghai, vice minister of the Textile Industry Department, and vice chairman of the National Committee of the Chinese People's Political Consultative Conference.
In 1979, the clarion call of reform and opening up sounded, and the central government set up an investment institution, the China International Trust and Investment Corporation. Deng Gong thought about it, thinking that only Rong Yiren could hold it, and Sangu Maolu asked him to go out of the mountains and fight in the sea again.
Rong Yiren once again responded to the call, and after leaving the mountain, he started the company with 10 million yuan at his own expense.
In the second year of the old man's southern tour, he embarked on a higher and more important position and resigned as chairman of CITIC.
At that time, the BerlinErTzche Zeitung commented:
Symbolic and political significance.
In this way, both at home and abroad, especially millions of overseas Chinese, know the leaders' determination to reform, opening up, and the transition to a market economy.
In 1999, when Hurun was promoted to the position of the richest man, Rong Yiren was 83 years old and had just retired from a high position.
After the economic transformation, the bright-headed and young Zhang Chaoyang ran forward like a carriage, unable to drag them.
The breath of capital dances freely.
3
In 2001, Rong Yiren became the richest man in a row, and after Liu Yonghao took over the baton in 2002, Ding Lei became the richest man in 2003.
Seeing the moment of the list, Ding Lei was stunned:
Make it wrong, Ren Zhengfei and Zong Qinghou are not richer than me?
During this period, Ding Lei, Zhang Chaoyang and Wang Zhidong were called the "Three Musketeers of the Internet". Others are making their first appearance:
In 2004, Tencent was listed, qq users exceeded 300 million, and Ma Huateng won the "2004 CCTV China Economic Annual Cutting-edge Award";
In 2005, Robin Li resisted the temptation of Google's acquisition, and Baidu successfully listed on the NASDAQ;
In the same period, Taobao repelled ebay, and Ma Yun won the key battle of e-commerce.
With 7 billion assets, the 32-year-old Ding Lei won the richest man in the 2003 Hurun and Forbes double list, becoming the first person in New China to become the richest man around the age of 30.
Look at people's 30s, now young people who dare to call the back wave ah, should be called back water beads.
The second person in his 30s who was galloping in the qian wave was the madman Huang Guangyu.
In 2004, Huang Guangyu topped the list of the rich, and all kinds of words such as grassroots, gold and counterattack were added to him, and the 35-year-old Chaoshan youth became famous overnight.
Later, in 2005 and 2008, Huang Guangyu twice topped the top. "Hou Fu" Wang Jianlin talked to him about business and sat on the side, like a little brother.
The Beauty of his rule is also in the sky, and there are few opponents in the industry. Speaking of Zhang Jindong, Huang Guangyu did not care about it, saying that Suning was just a clumsy suitor.
But in private, they fought tightly and were busy with the "US-Soviet hegemony."
In 2006, after the acquisition of Lao San Yongle and the successful landing on the Hong Kong Stock Exchange, the imposing Gome wanted to swallow Suning.
Huang Guangyu directly pounded Zhang Jindong's old lair, opened a store in Nanjing Xinjiekou, only 100 meters away from Suning's flagship store, declared that "three years are not profitable", and attacked Suning's "base area".
Huang Guangyu' real name is Huang Junlie, and his personality is indeed like a fiery fire, extremely aggressive. In order to promote customers, Chengdu Gome lowered the price of two Gree air conditioners, which caused Gree to be dissatisfied and stopped supplying.
Then Huang Guangyu exploded, and a notice was issued: sweep Gree products out of the door.
Crazy people are like this, even the fierce dong mingzhu has no ruts.
But on the basis of dashing, no one can compare with Charles Zhang.
In July 2005, Charles Zhang led a group of stars such as Gao Yuanyuan, Miss World Maria, and supermodel Jiang Peilin to climb the Qizi Peak in Tibet at an altitude of 6206 meters, accompanied by Wang Shi.
Such a combination was called by himself sogou Beauty Beast Climbing Team. At that time, Charles Zhang, who slept more than four hours a day, had a clear head and used precise words.
Climbing, dancing, singing rock, the rising sun is thriving. Someone said, "Talk to Ma Huateng, you have to talk about products, and Zhang Chaoyang to talk about mission and entertainment." ”
4
In the years when Huang Guangyu let go of himself, although the Internet gradually rose, he did not have the ability to call the wind and rain.
And industry is the year of the fight.
From 2002 to 2012, Hurun listed 11 richest people, and 9 years came from the real economy in the traditional sense, such as manufacturing and trade services.
In 2002, Liu Yonghao, Liu Yongxing, manufacturing, agriculture and animal husbandry
2004, 2005, 2008, Huang Guangyu, Business and Trade Service Industry
2006, Zhang Yin, Manufacturing
In 2009, Wang Chuanfu, Manufacturing
In 2010, 2012, Zong Qinghou, manufacturing
In 2011, Liang Wengen, Manufacturing
After 2001, China's accession to the WTO brought a large number of orders, and China's manufacturing boomed as never before. In 10 years, Made in China can be seen everywhere in the world, and China has become the world's factory.
On January 1, 2005, an American female journalist decided not to buy anything made in China for a year. A year later, she wrote a book, A Year Without Made in China, stating:
Without Made in China, life is too inconvenient. And the cost is high.
In the past, she could buy her son a pair of Chinese-made sneakers for $10, and after leaving "Made in China", she bought them for $68 in Italy. It really hurts.
Under the opportunity of globalization, China's real economy has taken off, especially the manufacturing industry.
His calculations by the US research institute show that in 2010, the world's total manufacturing output reached 10 trillion US dollars. Among them, China accounted for 19.8% and the United States 19.4%. For the first time, China's manufacturing output surpassed that of the United States, becoming the world's largest manufacturing country.
At the same time, China has grown rapidly from the world's ninth largest economy to the second largest economy. In 2001, China's GDP was 11 trillion yuan, and in 2012 it was as high as 54 trillion yuan.
In 2010 and 2012, Zong Qinghou became the richest man in China twice.
We all know that another title of the rich list is called the "pig killing list", and many rich people are afraid and even resist being on the list. In particular, he resents the flaunting aura of the "richest man". No one wants to be the second Liu Xiaoqing, or Huang Guangyu.
Zong Qinghou was different, he did not resist, and even a little happy:
I started from scratch, did not engage in power and money trading, did not engage in profiteering industry, do not mind being the richest man, and am not afraid of being the richest man, which is an affirmation of my personal and corporate value.
This testimonial became the absolute sound of industrialists at the top of the rich list.
At the 2012 China Private Entrepreneurs Summit, Dong Qing handed the microphone to Ma Yun and asked him to speak on behalf of Zhejiang businessmen. Ma Yun waved his hand and passed the microphone to Zong Qing and said, "Zong is always our boss, and he is more suitable." ”
The spring breeze crumpled the lake, and the undercurrents met silently.
5
After 2008, our economic engine changed from export-driven to domestic demand-driven. After that, real estate soared and the Internet skyrocketed.
Since 2013, China's richest man has been going back and forth between real estate and the Internet. Wang Jianlin, Ma Yun, and Xu Jiayin took turns to reach the top. Jianlin is the triple crown, and Ma Yun has one more crown than the triple crown.
When Ma Yun first reached the top in 2014, his assets were 150 billion yuan, and his wealth increased fivefold over the previous year. In the same year, Ali went public in the United States, soaring 38.7% on the first day, becoming the world's second largest Internet company by market capitalization, second only to Google.
That year, Wuzhen hosted the first Internet Conference. The landlord Ding Lei organized a dinner party, and Zhang Chaoyang, Li Yanhong, Tian Suning, and others were lined up in separate columns.
More than 10 bottles of rice wine under the belly, they talked about Einstein, Turing, Fermi, proud, longing, emotion mixed with alcohol.
In 2015, there were more Ma Huateng, Cao Guowei, Liang Jianzhang, etc. on the dinner table, and the media saw the situation and shouted:
This is half of the Internet invited.
By 2017, the battle was even bigger. After Liu Qiangdong, Wang Xing, and Ding Lei said hello, they set up a small stove group "Dongxing Bureau" by themselves.
Ma Huateng was embraced by Wang Xing and Liu Qiangdong in the middle, a smile, a small private room, jinyu full of halls: today's headlines Zhang Yiming, Xiaomi Lei Jun, Hillhouse Capital Zhang Lei, Didi Chengwei, Kuaishou Suhua, Mobike Wang Xiaofeng, Zhihu Zhouyuan, 58 Yao Jinbo, Lenovo Yang Yuanqing, Sequoia Capital Shen Nanpeng.
Wuzhen first came back so many human high-quality males.
After watching the group photo of their meal, netizens asked the most: How much is this meal worth? Where is Jack Ma?
In the face of the sudden concern of netizens, Ma Yun said lightly: No one invited me, of course, I did not necessarily have time to invite me. He went on to add:
I prefer to set up a game in Davos.
In the four or five years from "Ding Lei's Restaurant" to "Dongxinghui", China's e-commerce Sangtian has undergone drastic changes, and Internet companies have stood at the forefront of the outlet and counterattacked industry and even real estate.
At its peak, Alibaba and Tencent each had a market capitalization of more than 3 trillion yuan. Pull out "a horse" at will, you can top 10 Vanke.
In the chain of contempt for getting rich, the Internet began to crush real estate.
The industry quietly lay flat.
6
Around 2013, Wahaha was busy engaged in commercial real estate and cross-border liquor sales.
Many people can't figure out: Why did the honest man Zong Qinghou suddenly drift? Zong Qinghou told the truth: pluralism is a helpless move.
In recent years, the cost of China's real economy has risen across the board. Take the hot real estate in 2016, after the Chinese Academy of Fiscal Sciences surveyed 14,000 enterprises, the data came up:
The cost of raw materials in the national real economy increased by 7.21% year-on-year; the cost of land and rent increased by 9.7% year-on-year; and the cost of labor increased by 6.84% year-on-year.
And their operating income growth rate is only 2.04%.
Wahaha, who is not short of water, also feels that what is hand hands and what is loud louds.
The patriarch of the unsuccessful diversification later complained:
Everyone goes to speculate in stocks, houses, and the Internet, but they don't create wealth, how do we survive?
At the end of 2016, at the CCTV Financial Forum, the host asked Zong Qinghou: Ma Yun proposed five major changes of "new retail, new manufacturing, new finance, new technologies and new resources", what do you think?
Zong Qing returned, except for new technologies, all other things were nonsense. It is not engaged in the real economy, what can it make?
Later, a reporter led the fire to Ma Yun. He never lost in his mouth, and directly poured alcohol into the fire:
The real economy cannot live yesterday, and it is necessary to actively embrace new technologies. You see, how much the Internet has helped the real economy solve the circulation problem.
In 2012, Wang Jianlin also "couldn't look" at e-commerce, he said, washing feet, pulling out ears, e-commerce can not give him electricity. He made a bet with Ma that e-commerce would not be able to capture half of the retail market share in a decade.
The richest man's 100 million bet expires next year, the winner or loser doesn't matter, and the vines of the Internet have touched all the fertile soil.
In May 2019, when Wang Jianlin and Ma Huateng were shopping together, in Beijing's Fengke Wanda Plaza, Xiao Ma Ge bought a cup of passion jasmine tea, and after the incident, he swept his face to pay.
When brushing your face, an 8 cent red envelope pops up.
As early as the second year of the bet, Ma Yun had already paved the steps, and he told the media at the Tmall Double Eleven press conference:
If Wang Jianlin wins, it means that the whole society has lost, and a generation of young people has lost.
He said, "If real estate and commercial real estate still occupy most of China's country, it means that our economic transformation is not done well, and it means that the efforts of our generation are not as good as those of their previous generation."
Once again, young people who enjoyed the 996 blessings were represented.
Some young people disagreed: you are terrible when you always win, the street is cold and clear, and only a group of courier brothers without social security walk back and forth.
7
For more than 20 years, China's economic take-off has made Hurun's list longer and longer.
There were 50 in 1999 and 1,819 in 2019.
In the beginning, half of the top ten rich people came from industry. By 2009, half of it came from real estate. Then in 2019, 40% came from the Internet. In 2020, the Internet also occupies four seats.
Among them, Ma Yun and Ma Huateng took the lead and occupied the first two places in the list, Huang Zheng tied for eighth with Ding Lei with a wealth of 220 billion yuan, much higher than the former richest man, Zong Qinghou, Liu Yonghao, Wang Chuanfu, Zhang Yin, who did business, and Wang Jianlin, who was also rich in the real estate circle.
In 2018, the third year of Pinduoduo's establishment, Huang Zheng has already reached the list of the richest with a wealth of 95 billion. Netizens across the country cut a knife and cut out a road to get rich.
Or we hit workers with strength.
At the beginning of this year, the Internet rookie, who had just turned 40, announced his "retirement" and never appeared in public again. When the second quarter annual report was released a few days ago, Pinduoduo said that it would officially set up a special agricultural science and technology project of 10 billion yuan. Last year, they also said they would invest 50 billion yuan to support rural "new infrastructure".
After the 55-year-old Jack Horse retired in 2019, he couldn't stay idle, got rid of the reins, and broke into the beach.
Who says that a generation is inferior to a generation: this generation of young people knows a lot more than the previous generation of young people.
At the farewell party of retirement, Ma Yun wore a black jacket, sunglasses, and dirty braids, and turned into a rock old cannon to sing:
"I want to blossom into life, like standing on the top of a rainbow, like walking through a brilliant galaxy, with power beyond the ordinary."
A song "Blooming Life" sings the wild wild of yesterday's world.
Looking back, it was like a dream.
The little swallow could not fly to the top of the rainbow.