Human nature is the fundamental driving force behind the development of history.
Only by putting people first can history be meaningful. There are many historical stories that can be commented on by each historical figure, and each historical story is vivid and vivid, and has historical significance worthy of reference by future generations. The superposition of all these historical figures and historical stories constitutes a colorful and brilliant national history.
The Northern Song Dynasty has a historical story of "Lü Duan's major affairs are not confused", which is still of sobering significance to read to this day.
At the beginning of 997, zhao Guangyi, the second emperor of the Northern Song Dynasty, Had come to the brink of his life. In this case, the minister Lü Duan was pushed to the cusp of the storm.
When Lü Duan became prime minister, he was already 61 years old, which was a typical late bloomer. Emperor Taizong reused him precisely because he took a fancy to his calm and heavy character, believing that he was worthy of a great responsibility, and actually hoped that he could take on the heavy responsibility of assisting the crown prince Zhao Heng in the near future to ascend the throne smoothly and complete the smooth succession of the imperial throne.
When Emperor Taizong appointed Lü Duan as chancellor, some people in the court opposed it, believing that Lü Duan was confused and inappropriate for people to deal with people in ordinary days. Emperor Taizong said, "Lü Duan is confused about small things, and big things are not confused." ”
Lü Duan was confused in the end, and history quickly gave the answer.
The eunuch Wang Ji'en was a red man of the ultimate dynasty of Emperor Taizong of Song, and he was very favored as an envoy to Xuanzheng. Because zhao Kuangyin, the grandfather of the Song Dynasty, died that year, Empress Song hurriedly ordered Wang Ji'en to go out of the palace to summon her son Zhao Defang, but Wang Ji'en did not go to Zhao Defang, but went to summon Zhao Guangyi in, which created conditions for Zhao Guangyi to become the second emperor of the Northern Song Dynasty. It can be said that Wang Ji'en played a special and important role in the process of Song Taizong becoming emperor.
Now that Emperor Taizong of Song was about to die, Wang Ji'en was now jealous of the crown prince Zhao Heng's wisdom and divine martial arts, and was worried that if Emperor Taizong took the throne, his good life would come to an end. He believed that Crown Prince Zhao Heng was the established heir to the throne, and if he supported him as emperor, the crown prince would certainly not be grateful to him. And if he supports the deposed King of Chu Zhao Yuanzuo to succeed to the throne, Yuanzuo will certainly be grateful to him, and he will have the merit of the second support, and he can enjoy glory and wealth forever.
In March 997, Emperor Taizong of Song died, Wang Ji'en went into battle shirtless, Zhao Yuanzuo was the eldest son of Emperor Taizong, and he tried to persuade Empress Li on the grounds that the heir should be established as a subordinate, and Empress Li felt that it was inappropriate and thought that such a major matter should be discussed with the ministers first, so she asked Wang Ji'en to summon the chancellor Lü Duan. During the two Song Dynasties, due to the implementation of the national policy of promoting literature and suppressing martial arts, the political status of the literati was very high, and the relationship between the monarch and the subject can be said to be the most harmonious in the entire feudal era.
Lü Duan had already heard that Wang Ji'en had a plot to support Yuanzuo, the king of Chu. Now that he had come to proclaim the summons at the behest of Empress Li, although he had already understood a few points, he pretended not to know and deliberately told Wang Ji'en that Emperor Taizong had written the edict in advance and placed it in his own library, and asked him to go with him to find it. Wang Ji'en was very nervous when he heard Lü Duan's words because he had a ghost in his heart, and he wanted to find the will and testament himself, and then secretly destroy it in order to carry out his evil plan.
Wang Ji'en then rushed into the library first, and Lü Duan immediately locked him in the room. Then he hurried to see Empress Li himself. Wang Ji'en only then understood that he had won Lü Duan's plan, but it was too late. The mountains don't turn, and his good days are finally over.
When Empress Li saw Lü Duan, she said that the emperor had been in charge of the throne since ancient times, and that since ancient times, he had been the heir to the throne, so how should he pass the throne now?
Lü Duan affirmed that when Emperor Xian was alive, he was appointed crown prince for today, and the crown prince was the crown prince, which absolutely could not be changed.
Lü Duan replied with awe-inspiring righteousness, and Empress Li had no way to raise any more objections. Lü Duan instructed the internal servants to immediately pass on the empress's edict, welcome the prince into the palace, and take the throne at the Funing Hall.
In this way, the crown prince Zhao Heng smoothly went to the Funing Hall to inherit the throne, but he received the Wenwu Hundred Officials behind the curtain. Lü Duan was worried that at this time, someone was pretending to be Zhao Heng, so he did not worship the new emperor, and after playing the curtain to confirm that it was the true prince Zhao Heng, he returned to the main hall and led the wen and military officials to pay homage to the new emperor.
Lü Duan did not spend a single soldier and pawn, and used wisdom to wipe out a palace coup that could set off a bloody storm, ensuring Zhao Heng's smooth ascension to the throne. Zhao Heng was the third emperor of the Northern Song Dynasty, Emperor Zhenzong of Song.
This is the historical allusion that "Lü Duan is not confused about major events".
What's the big deal? For individuals, life and death are big things, and fame and fortune are small things. For the country, the rise and fall of the country, the ownership of the highest power is the big thing, and everything else is a small thing.
History is always strikingly similar.
Chairman Mao once praised Marshal Ye Jianying for "not being confused about lü duan's major affairs." Later, Ye Shuai played an irreplaceable and mainstay role at the historical juncture of ending ten years of civil strife, rectifying chaos, and opening up a new era of reform and opening up. Ye Shuai really became the "Lü Duan" of the new era.
In "Cai Gen Tan", it is said: The great and wise people will be obscure in small things; those who are ignorant will be observed in small things. Gai cha is the root of ignorance, and the hazy is also the cave of wisdom.
The meaning of this sentence is: a person with great wisdom is not too calculating in small things; stupid people are always very clever in small things. Therefore, being smart in small things is the root of a person's stupidity, and being confused in small things is the performance of a person's real intelligence.
It is always easy to see some people who are not all clever in life. They are good at seeing the wind and making the rudder, seeing people talking about people, talking about ghosts, being good at stealing and slipping, mixing and cheating, shoddy, and exchanging the least investment for the greatest return. It is always easy to take advantage of small advantages, and it is always easy to find shortcuts in life. However, they do not have the great wisdom of life, nor do they understand the great truth of life. Because there are no shortcuts to true success. After spending a long time with people, the fox's tail will always be exposed. The so-called road knows the horsepower, and it has been seen for a long time.
Zhuangzi once said: Those who know their fools are not great fools; those who know their confusion are not confused. As long as one knows where one's stupidity or confusion lies, one is not truly stupid or confused, whether it is stupid or confused, and it is enough for everyone to understand in their hearts. If we can raise our confusion to the level of philosophy, it will be a higher level of cultivation.
During the Ming Dynasty, Tang Bohu was invited to his home by King Ning, who wanted him to be his staff. This is something that Tang Bohu, who is full of talent but is poor and destitute, can be described as unattainable. At first, he thought that he had finally met Bole and had the opportunity to show his talents, and he was very happy. However, he soon discovered that King Ning was suspicious and suspected of committing rebellion, and if he continued to serve as an aide in the Palace of King Ning, sooner or later he would be innocently implicated. In all the dynasties and dynasties, the punishment for treason was the most severe, that is, to destroy the Nine Tribes, which was not a joke.
As a result, Tang Bohu began to pretend to be crazy and stupid, crazy and crazy on the street all day, and even ran around naked, making everyone known. In the end, King Ning had no way, thinking that he had a mental problem, so he sent Tang Bohu away. Later, King Ning's soldiers were defeated and captured, while Tang Bohu was not implicated. In the face of great right and wrong, Tang Bohu guarded the bottom line of his life. Not all money can be earned, not all bad can be made, and not all friends can be made.
In the Qing Dynasty, Zheng Banqiao developed the "confusion theory" to a higher level, called "rare confusion". The famous saying of this official and literary master is that when people are confused, they should be confused and do not have to be too preoccupied. Later generations lamented that these short four words were full of rich philosophy of life, and they often hung in the form of banners at home, becoming a warning to behave in the world. "It's hard to be smart, it's hard to be confused, and it's even harder to go from being smart to being confused." It is better to put it aside, take a step back, and feel at ease at the moment, and do not try to repay the blessing later. ”
However, is Zheng Banqiao really pretending to be high and does not hear anything out of the window? Not really. His poem "Ya Zhai lies down and listens to Xiao Xiaozhu, suspected to be the sound of folk suffering." Some small Wucao Prefecture county officials, one branch and one leaf are always concerned. "Everyone knows that every little thing of the people affects his feelings. It seems like a small matter, but Zheng Banqiao regards it as a big thing, and he has also become a model of an official who loves the people like a son.
Life is "rare and confused" in the world, which is a difficult state to achieve. In life, we try our best to adjust our hearts to a calm and gentle state, not to care about some trivial things, and not to be confused and distinguish between right and wrong in big things.
Everything in the world always has two aspects: phenomenon and essence.
Those who take advantage of each other on the surface may not be really wise, and may have suffered losses in places where he could not see them. Shehede is a pair of contradictory, people who love to take advantage of small things, and have never made a fortune. On the other hand, those who are wise and foolish, those who know how to make trade-offs in life, have true wisdom. On the level that others can't see, they have harvested the most precious things in life.
Therefore, studying the history of the Song Dynasty, learning Lü Duan, not counting small things, and not confusing big things, this is the highest realm of a person.
About the Author
Liu Shangqian, male, from Dafengying Township, Sheqi County, Henan Province. He currently lives in Beijing and is engaged in engineering technology and management in a scientific research institution. He likes to record his life with words, and is good at prose essays and ancient poetry. Toutiao number native Henan special writer.