<h1 class="pgc-h-arrow-right" > the old home of Fengxi On Jiading Liuxiang - Li Liufang's life path and painting art</h1>
Original Wu Junhang Humanistic Time and Space Yesterday
Abstract: As an important writer, calligrapher and painter in the late Ming Dynasty, Li Liufang had a profound impact on future generations. The article sorts out his family background and the origin of painting ideas, which is intended to show that Li Liufang was not only an early painter of the Xin'an School, but also a painter with profound artistic ideas. He also has a historical relationship with the "Mustard Garden Painting Biography" that was passed later.
Keywords: Li Liufang Huizhou Culture Painting Thought "Mustard Garden Painting Biography"
Li Liufang (1575-1629), also known as Changyu, Maozai, Tanyuan, Xianghai, Pao'an, Liufu Daoist, Shenyu Resident, etc., was born in Xixinan Village, SheXian County, Huizhou, and his grandfather Li Wenbang moved to Jiading for business and occupied Jiading. In the literary circles of the late Ming Dynasty, Li Liufang, together with Lou Jian, Tang Shisheng and Cheng Jiaxuan, was known as "Mr. Jiading Four"; together with Kunshan GuiChangshi and Wang Zhijian, he was known as the "Three Talents", a famous writer and calligrapher in Jiangnan at the end of the Ming Dynasty, and was praised by Wu Meicun as one of the "Nine Friends in Painting". Li Liufang's talent is magnificent, and his Confucianism and elegance are the crown of the moment, and he knows everything in poetry, literature, books, paintings, printing, and Zen. Poetics Du Fu, calligraphy Dongpo, painting in and out of the Yuanren, especially good Wu Zhen, seal carving and the ancestor of the Anhui school He Zhen is equally famous. He also played the art of carving bamboo, and studied under Zhu Songlin, a famous bamboo carving artist in Jiangnan, who can be described as a rare artistic all-rounder in the Ming Dynasty. Because of Li Liufang's yu of Jiading, today's literary and artistic theoretical works have studied him as a Jiading artist, and there is little discussion of the relationship between him and his ancestral hometown of Huizhou, and even fewer people talk about his relationship with the early Xin'an school. In view of this, based on the "Tanyuan Collection" and other materials, the author tried to sort out and discuss his paintings, especially his relationship with Huizhou culture.
1. Li Liufang's family lineage and origin
Li Liufang's ancestral home was in Xixi South Village, SheXian County, Huizhou (now part of Huizhou District, Huangshan City), and his former residence was in Lotus Tan at the west end of the village. Li Liufang's grandfather, Li Wenbang, served as a commander of Chengshan Wei in his early years, and later moved to Nanxiang Town, Jiading County, and occupied jiading business registration. Li Wenbang had five sons: Li Rujie, Li Rujian, Li Ruji, Li Ruyun, and Li Rujia. Li Rujun was li liufang's father, and his mother Chen shi was Li Ruyun's successor. The original Xu clan had two sons: Li Yuanfang and Li Mingfang, who were Li Liufang's half-brothers. He was the third in line, so people also called him Li Sanchangheng. ①
Li Liufang's uncle Li Rujie (李汝節), zhongjiajing forty-four years (1565) Yi Ugly Branch Jinshi, granted Anji Zhizhou, and later served as Dengzhou Fu Tongzhi, wanli fourth year (1576) died. He was the first jinshi of the Lee family. His cousin Li Xianfang (李先芳), who was a member of the Seventh Year of the Wanli Dynasty (1579) and the Seventeenth Year of the Wanli Calendar (1589), was the same age as Jiao Zhu and Dong Qichang. First the official Zhongshu and the Criminal Division gave the matter to The Middle, and then moved to the Sichuan Provincial Envoy Department to participate in the discussion. His eldest brother Li Yuanfang (1564-1637), the character Maochu, Zhusheng, shan seven long sentences, wrote the "Dream An Collection". The second brother Li Mingfang (1564-1593), zi Maocai, Wanli Nineteenth Year (1591) Xin Weijuren, Zhongwan Wanli Twenty Year (1592) Nongchen Ke Jinshi, at the age of 29, was awarded the Hanlin Yuan Shu Jishi, but unfortunately jealous of the talent, the following year he died of illness, and wrote "Li Hanlin Collection".
The Li clan became the jiading family of poetry with the merits of a three-soldier kodi, but the two elder brothers died young, bringing great sorrow to the young Li Liufang, and also making him bear the family hope of the shining lintel. "Chang Yu rarely has the ambition of the high world, and his talent is grand and cannot be inhibited." Since his brother Hanlin Jun's flea world, he has been soothing his heart and asking for work to comfort his parents. For more than ten years, he and Yu Kaiju nanjing. "In the thirty-fourth year of the Wanli Calendar (1606), Li Liufang was 32 years old at the time, and since then he has repeatedly lost battles on the road of the imperial examination, until he abandoned the examination in anger and died. The seven years from the second year of the Apocalypse to the second year of Chongzhen (1622-1629) were the later years of Li Liufang's life and the seven years of his artistic vitality, and he made brilliant achievements in the fields of poetry, literature, books and paintings.
Figure 1 The image is taken from the Daoguang Ninth Year Inscription "Wu County's Famous Sage Figures"
Li Liufang lived in Jiading for a long time, and had close contacts with Dong Qichang, Qian Qianyi, Cheng Jiaxuan, Wang Zhijian, Lu Huaxi, and other celebrities in Jiangnan at that time, and his indulgent talent and noble character won the unanimous praise of Yilin. The Muzhai Chuxue Collection, vol. 40, "The Seventy Preludes to Guiwen Xiu": "Yu and Jiading Li Changyu traveled, because they made friends with Changsuan, Xin'an Cheng Mengyang and Kunshan Guiwen Xiu. The three of them are strong in learning the ancient, can poetry, are good at painting, have ups and downs in the world, and swing the glory and profit. Its intercourse with Yu, over time and Mi Du, cover the so-called su rendezvous also. "In the thirty-fourth year of the Wanli Calendar (1606), Li Liufang and Qian Qianyi tried together in Zhongjiangnan Township, and the two were in the same year, and their feelings were mixed. Qian recalled in the article "The Record of the Couplet Cultivation Hall": "Chang Yu and Yu Kai got on the bus and sighed and said: The two of us have different talents, and their friends and lovers are also fond of reading." He is rough in the world, building rooms in the mountains, giving food and clothing, mutual storage of literature and history, recruiting People Gao Shi such as Meng Yang Generation, The Poetry of "Nancun" by Hairy Yuanming, and the song "Huang Yu", reading books until old age, can you be happy and forget death? (Muzhai Chuxue Collection, vol. 45, Shanghai Ancient Books Publishing House, 1985 edition) But in the following fifteen years, that is, from the thirty-fifth year of the Wanli Calendar to the second year of the Apocalypse (1607-1622), he got on the bus six times and returned with his wings folded, and the setbacks and pedals of the Keju Road devastated his body and mind, and also seriously damaged his health, causing him to gradually abandon this Keju Lilu Road. In the second year of the Apocalypse, Li Liufang finally made up his mind to burn his pen and abandon the stone, and he was determined to do so, and sent love to landscape calligraphy and painting to survive the rest of his life. Qian Qianyi's "Epitaph of Li Changsu" Yun: "Since he is determined to forge ahead, he has vowed to spend the rest of his years studying to raise his mother, saying that the world cannot be played, and he will take his heart to the shadow, and study the Yunqi who has learned it in order to seek the method of correct determination." (Muzhai Chuxue Collection, vol. 54) At this time, although he gave up the imperial examination, his prominent family background of "one door and three scholars" made him fall into the psychological torture of guilt and self-blame for a long time, and he could not really be relieved, and finally died coughing up blood in the second year of Chongzhen (1629) at the age of 55.
Li Liufang has been exceptionally intelligent since childhood, and is good at painting, especially the poetry and calligraphy of Su Dongpo. When he was a teenager, he carved bamboo with a knife and made a great shot. The Ningbo Museum has a bamboo carving from his early years, engraved with Su Dongpo's "Butterfly Love Flower":
The plums are small when they are yellow. When the swallows fly, the green water people circle. The willows on the branches blow little, and there is no grass at the end of the world. Swing in the wall outside the wall. Pedestrians outside the wall, beautiful people in the wall laughing. Laughter fades away, but amorous is ruthlessly annoyed.
Falling paragraph: "Peng Zi Chun Ri Li Liu Fang book in Yu Feng." "In the sixteenth year of the Wanli calendar (1588), he was 14 years old.
At the age of seventeen (1591), Li Liufang supplemented jiading county as a disciple. Classmates include Zheng Yinji of Jiading, Wen Qixiang of Qiantang, Cheng Jiaxuan of Huizhou (shao congregate to his father's migration to Jiading), Wang Zhijian of Kunshan, etc., all of whom are famous scholars in Jiangnan. In the thirty-fourth year of the Wanli Calendar (1606), Li Liufang zhongju went to Beijing with Qian Qianyi in the spring of the following year to participate in the examination, and both of them returned home. In the spring of the thirty-eighth year of the Wanli Calendar, he went to the ceremony again and fell again. After that, he participated in the two examinations in the forty-first and forty-third years of the Wanli Calendar, until the second year of the apocalypse, when he went to Beijing for the last time to take the exam, "arrived in the suburbs to hear the police, and returned with poetry." A series of failures made him discouraged, so he was desperate to advance, and he devoted himself to the poetry book Danqing and devoted himself to art.
Most of Li Liufang's time and energy in his life was spent on the examination of the imperial examination, and he was only high-spirited when he was young, and he regarded the first skill of the department as a probe to take things, and he was determined to get it. However, the fifteen consecutive years of defeat after zhongju greatly hurt his self-esteem and self-confidence, and also greatly damaged his physical and mental health. Many of his middle-aged poems express the leisure-weary idea of abandoning the imperial examination and wandering in the landscape. However, the title of the golden list and the "chicken ribs" of the glorious mendi are like the shadow of a ghost, which haunts him at all times and becomes his lingering heart disease. The second half of his life was spent in the leisure and indulgence of "studying and adopting his mother, learning from the heart", and the guilt and guilt of failing to live up to the family's high expectations and achieving nothing.
After Li Liufang's death, Qian Qianyi wrote the "Epitaph of Li Changyu" for him, summarizing his life deeds. At the end, an inscription summarizes the thoughts and achievements of this fallen man:
The religion of Yunqi, the sunset hanging drum, the West as home. Huayan Pavilion, emerging pen end, heavy cover. The human world is trivial, such as large seawater, jumping fish and shrimp. The festival of Qua Xiu Jie, the construction of vertical erections, is like the sand of the river. Destiny Yeah? Dustpan, its sniffles! The articles are colorful, the people who stay in the world, the splendid spring flowers. After the Qiansi year, with this inscription, It is Yunxia.
Some of today's art dictionaries, such as the Concise Dictionary of Fine Arts (Heilongjiang People's Publishing House), recognize Li Liufang's place of origin as Jiading, which is actually a lack of understanding of his family history. During the Ming and Qing dynasties, many Huizhou people lived in other places because of their business, "mostly hui customs, thirteen people in Yi, seventeen in the world." (The Four Drafts of the Yizhou Shanren, vol. 61, "Fifty Narratives of Gifting Cheng Jun") Over time, some descendants of Huishang merchants settled in the local merchants and took the imperial examination as merchants, but the descendants of these Huishang merchants still regarded themselves as Huizhou people in terms of regional cultural identity. For example, during the Ming and Qing dynasties, the Xin'an painters Cheng Yi and Zhao Shibiao all lived in Yangzhou, Wang Shishen and Luo Ping in the middle of the Qing Dynasty also lived in Yangzhou for a long time, and Mr. Huang Binhong also lived in Shanghai and Beijing for a long time during the Republic of China, but we cannot say that they are Yangzhou people and Shanghai people. Li Liufang mentioned many times in his poems that he was a native of Huizhou, and he also returned to Xixi South Village many times to visit the tombs and worship his ancestors. In addition, books such as the Daoguang Huizhou FuZhi and the Chronicle of Shexian County of the Republic of China are also recorded. Doing scholarship requires a realistic attitude. Problems should be corrected so that readers do not misunderstand.
Xixi South Village is located on the western edge of the Huizhou Basin, on the south bank of the Fengle River, known in ancient times as Fengnan or Fengxi, and belonged to the Lijiao of Zhonghu Township in Xixiang, Shexian County in the Ming Dynasty. In 1987, Huizhou District was changed to Huangshan City, under which Huizhou District was established. Xixi South Village is separated from She County and is under the jurisdiction of Huizhou District. There is a folk proverb circulating in the village: "First there is Li, Jin, and Pan, and then there is Wujia Village." That is to say, the original surnames of Xixi South Village were Li, Jin and Pan, and the Wu clan moved in from Xiuning Phoenix Mountain at the end of the Tang Dynasty, multiplied and multiplied, and gradually became the first surname in the village. During the Ming and Qing dynasties, most of the people of Xixi Nancun went out to do business, and left their footprints in Dayi, the capital of Jiangnan and along the canal, and some of them migrated to the business place and became local overseas Chinese residents, and the Li Liufang family was one of them. The Li family's ancestral home is Xixi South Village, and it is not empty. Today, there are also descendants of the Li clan at the west end of the village, as well as the ruins of Li Liufang's former residence. During the Republic of China period, Mr. Wu Jihu of Xixi Nancun compiled a book called "Fengnan Zhi", and the "Character History" of Volume III reads: "Li Liufang, the character Changsu, the Fengnan people, the Wanli Bingwu people." ”
Mr. Xu Chengyao, known as the "last Hanlin of the Qing Dynasty", is a famous scholar of modern times and an expert in local literature and history in Huizhou, and he also has a lot of research on the Xin'an school. In his "Doubtful Poems", there is a poem entitled "Titled Nuhua Li Changxi Pavilion Banquet Sitting Picture Poem": "Tan Weng Jia Feng Nan, the door is opposite the Qing Stream." Lonely for three hundred years, bamboo counts from Yanmei. The wanderings do not return, so the ruins can still be referred to..." (3) And the Qing Dynasty Jia and Dao Period Huizhou scholar Cheng Xi (号讀山) "Rain Window Absolute Sentence" Original note: "Li Liufang, the character ChangSu, the ancient Yi people, Ke Jiading, because of the family." Together with Tang Shuda, Lou Zijian, and Cheng Mengyang, he was called Jiading Si. The old home is on Fengxi, the bitter bamboo is counted, the Qingxi is a song, and the father and elder can still point to it. (4) This proves that Li Liufang's ancestral home is indeed Xixi South Village.
Some of Li Liufang's poems also record his whereabouts back to his hometown. For example, volume 1 of the "Tanyuan Collection" has a poem "Fenggan Sending Dai Tianqing":
I passed by Longfu yesterday and asked if I knew anyone.
Seeing not because of my friends, holding hands will get each other.
Oh I read a lot of worlds, old eyes are too green and white.
If the child is not grouped, the liver and gallbladder reflect the color.
I came from Qi Yun, and I stayed with love for falling stones.
The monk's kitchen is smoke-free, and the stream is closed.
Su Qiancun Su, Yu Yu half rock black.
In the clear scenery, I can't help but drink in my throat.
Flying books to the newspaper, committing thin spinning is imminent.
There is no strict city limit, and the situation is rough.
The feeling of the son came happily, tired and tired.
I was drunk and overwhelmed.
When the other son is geometric, see yang yue yi again.
Fenggan and Longfu look at each other and remember each other bitterly.
East Gate Lee Girl, quite unpretentious.
Greeting the door with a smile, this meaning is regrettable.
The period is over again, and the new moon is appropriate at the head of the building.
The "Tanyuan Collection" also has "Fenggan de Mengyang Guangling Guixun Wen Shutu from Baixia to envoy Nan Also Leading Er Youzuo", Shi Yun:
Wei Yang returned to the guest ruler book, and BaiXia Xianlang Rode back.
Want to talk about the bright moon night, but also think about the fall of wood rain flower platform.
The new poem points out before the zun, and the secret Jane calmly opens under the candle.
How many days can it take? Guan Shan's stay makes people mourn. ⑤
The ruins of Li Liufang's former residence are in The Lotus Pond in the west of the village, and to the north of Tan is the Fengle River, which originates in the Huangshan Mountains, and the river flows east to the county seat of Shexian County. Fifty years ago, there was still a raft on the river. There was once a Lijia Pavilion built along the river, which can enjoy the color of Jinzhu Mountain, the distant mountains are surrounded by clouds and smoke, the babbling of the stream under the pavilion, the color of the mountains and waters, and the picturesque scenery of the four seasons. Today's Lotus Flower Tan and sandbars along the river have been set up as a wetland park and have become a business card for rural tourism in Xixi South. Shaded by the sky, the boardwalk bridge spans the clear stream, the stream is clear, the grass is like a picturesque, and it makes people linger. (To be continued)
!["Ancient Liufang" and "Li Liufang" landscape painting appreciation[fig]](data:image/gif;base64,R0lGODlhAQABAIAAAP///wAAACwAAAAAAQABAAACAkQBADs=)