One of the three great prose masters of the late Ming and early Qing dynasties, also known as Hou Fangyu of Henan Caizi (1618-1654), one of the four princes of the Late Ming Dynasty, the character Chaozong, the number Xueyuan, the home of Guidefu, now Shangqiu Suiyang. Hou Fangyu was born into a family of official eunuchs, his grandfather Hou Zhipu, his father Hou Ke and his second uncle Hou Ke were all officials in the imperial court. All three of them were the leaders of the Donglin Party, and they were deposed in the struggle against Wei Zhongxian's castration party. After the dismissal, Hou Fangyu's grandfather Hou Zhipu led a group of his grandsons to study in the East Garden of the Hou Mansion. At that time, Hou Fangyu was only eight years old, and he was able to recite it from a young age. Hou Fangyu had a talent name when he was a teenager, and at the age of fifteen, he was able to draft a proposal on behalf of his father.
Hou Fang domain
The Ming Dynasty was the dynasty with the largest number of emperors in Chinese history, and it was also a dynasty of loyal subjects. Because Zhu Yuanzhang, the founding emperor of the Ming Dynasty, advocated the Four Books and Five Classics, the scholars held a sad and indignant heart and desperately wanted to shape the emperor, or correct him into a Ming emperor like Yao Shun. Therefore, they were not at all polite in talking to the emperor, and there were many courtiers who violated the rules. They laughed and cursed at the emperor, sarcastically satirized and proud of themselves. Hai Rui once said bluntly to the Jiajing Emperor: "The people of the world are not worth Your Majesty's longevity!" Interpretation: Because of your incompetence, the people of the world have long stopped taking you seriously! The loyal subjects spared their official positions and lives for the sake of the emperor's country and the interests of the imperial family. However, none of the emperors appreciated it, and almost all of them hated these loyal subjects to the bone. Because of the outspokenness of these ministers, the privacy of the emperors was exposed, and a golden dragon robe could not hide his own nature and dignity. As a result, during the Wanli Dynasty, Gu Xiancheng, a bureaucrat, was dismissed from his post for violating the will of the Divine Sect. After returning to his hometown of Wuxi, he and Gao Panlong, Qian Yiben and others who returned home raised funds to restore the abandoned Donglin Academy and taught there. In their lectures, they discussed the gains and losses of the government, attacked the derelict magnates of the dynasty and the eunuchs who did wrongdoing, and some officials in the dynasty also supported them. These people echoed each other and gradually formed an influential political group. Those powerful people and eunuchs of the dynasty who opposed the teaching activities of Donglin Academy referred to Gu Xiancheng and others and those associated with them as "Donglin Party members".
Ming Xi Zong Zhu by school
During the Apocalypse Period (1621-1627), the fifteen-year-old Zhu Youxiao became emperor and was known as Emperor Mingxi. Emperor Xizong was greedy and active, and had no intention of learning to serve the government, but he also liked the carpentry and was soon reduced to a puppet in the hands of the grand eunuch Wei Zhongxian. The eunuch Wei Zhongxian took advantage of Emperor Xizong's young greed to ignore the government and monopolize power, and those bureaucrats who tended to be inflamed and subordinate fell under Wei Zhongxian's door and formed a castration party. At this time, the famous Donglin Party member, the left deputy capital Yushi Yang Lianshang, impeached Wei Zhongxian, counting 24 counts. Then more than 70 people impeached Wei Zhongxian. The castration party began to fight back, and Ruan Dacheng, the son of Wei Zhongxian, made up the "Records of the Generals of Donglin Points", adding the nickname of 108 generals in the "Water Margin" to the heads of the Donglin party members. The "Records of the Generals of donglin points" has 108 people, and all the donglin characters are given the nickname of "Water Margin Bandit", which is convenient for Wei Zhongxian to memorize and attack. Later, the "Record of Comrades Donglin" was compiled to implicate 319 people, and the "Bandit Donglin Gang" expanded the attack area to 393 people. So, what was Emperor Xi's attitude toward the Donglin Party's impeachment of Wei Zhongxian? The young Zhu Youxiao was already very disgusted with the courtiers who talked to him with a straight face. These people usually oppose him playing with crafts, opposing him riding horses in the palace, opposing his obsession with wine, urging him to be a "model for the people of the world", to make every move in line with the way of the saints, not to have seven passions and six desires, and not to act willfully. He felt extremely uncomfortable with this. And he knew Wei Zhongxian's loyalty, care and understanding. Therefore, he suppressed all the more than 70 pieces of music and did not hesitate to become Wei Zhongxian's strong backer. He also listened to Wei Zhongxian's advice and ordered the demolition of all the academies in the world and the cessation of lectures in order to suppress public opinion.
Emperor Chongzhen, Emperor Mingsizong Zhu Youjian
In August of the seventh year of the Apocalypse (1627), Emperor Mingxi died, and the Donglin party supported Zhu Youjian (1628-1644), the prince of Lixin, and was succeeded by the era name Chongzhen. In November, Wei Zhongxian committed suicide, and the Donglin Party was very happy. At the same time, Chongzhen issued an edict to the world and rehabilitated the people of Donglin. Zhang Pu once wrote "The Tombstone of the Five", full of enthusiasm to praise the spirit of the five citizens of Suzhou who heroically rebelled against the tyranny of the castration party, "stirring up great righteousness and ignoring death". Zhang Pu (1602-1641) was one of the main leaders of the Late Ming Restoration Society. The banner of the Fu Society is no different from that of Donglin, so it is generally regarded as a Donglin Party member, and some people call the Fushe Xiaodonglin. At the end of the Ming Dynasty, the four princes Mao Xiang (字開疆), Fang Yizhi (字密之), Hou Fangyu (Zi Chaozong), and Chen Zhenhui (Zi Dingsheng) were all members of the Fu Society. It is centered on Nanjing and is the taisha of the southeast.
The emperors of the Ming Dynasty were famous for their insults and abuses against the scholars, and the ming emperors had such an attitude, and the literati naturally had various extreme reactions, so the Ming dynasty literati were more thorough than their predecessors in their pursuit of individual liberation. In the process of consciously despising etiquette and exaggerating their individuality, some literati indulged in drinking and prostitutes as a way for them to express themselves. It was in the process that they found their confidant. This leads to the "famous prostitutes lost their way, and the famous people fell down,...... It's no different too." This also has the saying that at the end of the Ming Dynasty, "prostitutes do not forget to worry about the country, and the country does not forget to stay in prostitution."
The Qinhuai River in Nanjing is a tributary of the Yangtze River, with a total length of about 220 miles, and is the main river channel in the Nanjing area. The Qinhuai River is divided into two branches at Tongji Gate, one detours to the west outside the southern city wall, called the Outer Qinhuai River; the other passes through the East Water Pass into the city of Nanjing, which has the prosperity of "smoke cage cold water moon cage sand, night berth Qinhuai near the restaurant". The Qinhuai River enters the city from Tongji Gate, and after a few miles to the west, it turns in the direction of Jubaochuan to the south, and there is a ferry port at the bend that is Taoye Ferry. If the Qinhuai River is the representative of Jinling, the land of gentleness and wealth, then Taoyedu is the symbol of the Rouge Pollen Qinhuai River. A poem reads:
Peach leaf ferry head water leisurely, the shore downstream boat shore upstairs;
Returning passengers and pedestrians scrambled to cross the river, and the song boat painting was full of middle streams.
This vividly describes the situation in which The Peach Leaf Ferry was ushered in. Taoyedu is the most seductive luxury on the Qinhuai River, and its name is related to a sexual encounter with Wang Xianzhi, a great calligrapher of the Eastern Jin Dynasty. According to legend, Wang Xianzhi often met with his concubine Peach Leaf here, and the dedication was sent to the song: "Peach leaves compound peach leaves, cross the river without the need for the sun." But there was nothing to do, and I was greeting Ru. Later generations called this ferry the Peach Leaf Ferry. The literati moke who composed lyrics and composed with tao ye du poems also had song Xin abandon the disease "Zhu Yingtai Near the Late Spring" words: "Bao Chao Fen, Peach Leaf Du, Smoke Willow Dark Nanpu." Song Yangxiu: "Peach leaves and peach roots are on the shore, and the dedication of talents is quite popular." Yuan Zhou Deqing's "Red Embroidered Shoes • Suburban Trip" song: "Inscription poem Peach Leaf Crossing, ask the wine apricot blossom village." ”
Here, restaurants and brothels are one after another, singing in the ears, and the lights and candles are flickering, attracting pedestrians to linger and wanderers to lose their souls. The boats on the water are weaving, the lights are shining, all hired beautiful women, high-class violinists, and the tourists who listen to the songs are all drunk, I don't know what year it is! Vendors shouted wine and cooked vegetables and a variety of snacks, and the boats traveled along the riverbank. The foxes clapped their hands and laughed in the restaurant painting boat, guessed the boxing and fighting wine, and enjoyed the noise. People say that there are "six more" in Taoye ferry: there are many tea houses on the shore, many restaurants, many wontons, many pedestrians competing for the ferry on the shore, many beautiful women, and many painting boats in the river. In this densely populated downtown area, fireworks can be seen everywhere around. To the south is "Nanqu", where geisha are located, and to the north is "Beiqu", where prostitutes are located. Here, the literati and scholars "left the bright moon in the long night, and the white clouds were grinded towards the dynasty." Here, the most famous prostitutes in the Qinhuai River area of the late Ming Dynasty were produced--- "Qinhuai Bayan": Gu Hengbo, Ma Xianglan, Li Xiangjun, Liu Ruyi, Dong Xiaowan, Bian Yujing, Kou Baimen, and Chen Yuanyuan.
Qin Huai Bayan
Shili Qinhuai is the prosperous place of Nanjing, a river across the river, respectively, the southern regional examination hall of the general examination Jiangnan Gongyuan (that is, the present-day Chinese Imperial Examination Museum) and the Confucius Temple, on the other side is the southern religious workshop famous gathering place, the famous old courtyard, the pearl market. Gu Hengbo, also spelled Meisheng, was one of the most prominent of Qin Huai's Eight Yans, and she was once honored as "Lady Yipin". Later, her husband Gong Dingxiao, who was not safe in the late Ming Dynasty, said that "I would like to die, but Nai Xiao Concubine refused to do anything", just like a red face and a disaster, either harming people's lives or destroying people's reputation festivals, which was very different from the chivalrous and soft intestines of "Qin Huai Bayan" in most people's impressions. Liu Ru is a famous singer and talented woman who was active in the Ming and Qing Dynasties, she has a strong personality, integrity and wisdom, boldness and greatness, and her reputation is no less than that of Li Xiangjun, Bian Yujing and Gu Meisheng. When the Chongzhen Emperor hanged himself and the Qing army occupied Beijing, Nanjing built a small court of Hongguang, known as the Southern Ming Dynasty. Liu Ru supported her husband Qian Qianyi as the Rebbe Shangshu of the Southern Ming Dynasty. Soon the Qing army went south, when the soldiers approached the city, Liu Shi persuaded Qian to throw water with him to martyr the country, Qian pondered and was speechless, and finally walked down the pool to try the water, saying: "The water is too cold to go down." Liu Shi "struggled to sink into the water of the pool", but gave Qian a hard hold. Chen Yuanyuan was originally a singer and prostitute in Kunshan, who once lived in Qinhuai, and because of her outstanding color and art, she was more related to major historical events. When Wu Sangui promised to surrender to Li Zicheng, Wen Yuanyuan was already occupied by Li Zhicheng's generals, and Chong Guan was furious and shouted: "The big husband can't protect himself. So he surrendered the Qing army and went to war with the peasant army. This is what Wu Meicun said in the "Yuanyuan Qu": "Weeping for the six armies, chong guan is angry and red."
[The Love Legend of Li Xiangjun and Hou Fangyu] In Qin Huai Bayan, whether it is appearance or talent, Li Xiangjun cannot rank first, but she ranks first in Qin Huai Bayan. Casually find a citizen on the street to ask Qin Huai Bayan, everyone may not be able to say everything, but Li Xiangjun is well known to everyone. The reason why Li Xiangjun is so famous is mainly her loyalty to love and noble sentiments. Li Xiangjun's Former Residence Exhibition Hall is located at the southern end of the Confucius Temple Laiyan Bridge, No. 38 Qianku Street. The museum blocks face north and south, three into two courtyards, facing the food street, backed by the Qinhuai River, green brick tiles, horse head wall, cloister hanging, lattice windows, typical Jiangnan residential style. The museum is equipped with a car hall, an information hall, an exhibition of the former residence of Meixianglou, a tea culture, a fan culture exhibition hall, a calligraphy and painting exhibition room, a river hall, and an ancient water gate.
Hou Fangyu and Li Xiangjun
Li Xiangjun, also known as Li Xiang, a native of Suzhou, is a famous prostitute in Nanjing Moling Sect. Since Kong Shangren's "Peach Blossom Fan" came out in 1699, Li Xiangjun became famous all over the world. In 1624 (the fourth year of tomorrow's departure), Li Xiangjun was born in WuZhai, Fengqiao, Zhangmen, Suzhou, with three brothers and sisters, and two older brothers. His father was originally a military attaché, because he was a member of the Donglin Party, after being punished by Wei Zhongxian and his gang, his family was defeated and he was exiled to a foreign land. When Li Xiangjun was eight years old, he changed his wu surname to Li with his adoptive mother Li Zhenli. When Li Xiangjun was thirteen years old, he learned to sing the four legends of Tang Xianzu's "Purple Nobile", "Returning the Soul", "Nanke Ji" and "Handan Ji" from Suzhou artist Zhou Rusong, and could express the subtle changes in the syllables of the tune to the fullest. She is particularly good at "Pipa", but she does not sing easily. Yu Huai's "Banqiao Miscellaneous" describes Li Xiangjun: Li Xiangjun, with a short body, a jade skin, Hui Junwan turning, and a laugh matchless, known as "incense fan pendant". Yu Huai has a cloud of poetry gifts:
Born Xiao Qingcheng is Li Xiang, with Grace in her arms hidden in her sleeve.
He Yuan, the Twelve Witch Peak Girls, came to see the King of Chu in her dream.
Yu Huai (1616~1696), a literary scholar of the late Ming and early Qing dynasties. His notebook "Itabashi Miscellaneous Records" records the things of narrow evil, divided into 3 volumes, the first volume of Yayou, the middle volume of Lipin, and the second volume of anecdotes. Strive to render the prosperity of the year to contrast the desolation of the future.
The name of Xiangjun is flourishing in the Southern Qu, and the four talents are proud to know each other. And because her adoptive mother, Li Zhenli, was brave and knowledgeable, most of the guests of MeixiangLou were literati and honest and loyal courtiers. Li Zhenli is particularly good with Chen Zhenhui, a Yixing person. Li Xiangjun is Li Zhenli's adopted daughter, her personality is also very bold, and she is smart and clever, reading a little book, can distinguish whether those who are officials are upright and wise, Zhang Pu and Xia Yunyi are very praised by her.
In May of the twelfth year of Chongzhen (1639), the twenty-two-year-old Hou Fangyu went to Nanjing to take the exam, and through the introduction of Zhang Pu, Xia Yunyi and Chen Zhenhui, he met Li Xiangjun, a famous prostitute in Qinhuai. The first time he met Hou Fangyu and fell in love at first sight, Li Xiangjun was just sixteen years old. Xiangjun gave his life to Hou Fangyu, and the oath was preserved by Chen Zhenhui.
Nicknamed a little celestial immortal, born sixteen years;
Yushan half-peak snow, Yaochi a lotus.
The evening courtyard is fragrant, and the spring supper moon is accompanied by sleep;
Linjie was speechless, and Amu was beside her.
This is the poem that Hou Fangyu wrote after meeting Li Xiangjun for the first time. One is a charming, world-famous student, and the other is a delicate and affectionate, green-hearted jade girl in the Qinglou, who falls in love without mutual admiration under the meeting. Since ancient times, beautiful women are equipped with celebrities, and it is even more difficult to find students like Hou Fangyu. According to the fashion of the time, if a guest was in love with a prostitute and needed to pay for a ceremony and give the brothel a large sum of money, the prostitute could serve the guest exclusively. This set of procedures is called "combing". Famous prostitutes in Qinhuai, such as Li Xiangjun, had to invite a large number of elegant people with heads and faces to hold a high-level banquet, and also pay a generous gift to the mother bustard. Hou Fangyu's father was still in prison in Beijing, and the reason why he came to Nanjing to take the exam was because he was the son of a criminal minister and could not participate in the township exam in Suncheon Province. Of course, he didn't have much silver around him, and he wanted to comb Li Xiangjun, but he couldn't do anything about it.
Why was Hou Fangyu's father, Hou Ke, imprisoned? In February of the fifth year of Chongzhen (1632), Hou Ke replaced Fan Wenjing, a soldier in Tongzhou, and went to Tongzhou to take up his post. In October, the Shaanxi rebels entered the Central Plains, and Zhou Shipu Shangshu, a servant of the Household Department, requested that troops be transferred to the Central Plains, and recommended that Hou Ke lead Zuo Liangyu's army to Huaiqing and Weihui. In December, Hou Ke went to the court to ask for a question and repeatedly requested the payment of grain, but those in power did everything in their power and ignored it. In May, Hou Ke was promoted to Hubu Shangshu. By the time Hou Ke was transferred from Changping to Jingshi, the ming dynasty's rule was already in turmoil, with external and internal strife, and the state reserve was in a state of disarray. After Hou Ke succeeded to the post, "he was tightly paid for his soldiers, and there was no shortage of dispatches, but there was no shortage of transfers." In November of the ninth year of Chongzhen (1636), because of the jealousy of the cabinet ministers Xue Guoguan and Wen Tiren, Xue and Wen instigated Song Zhipu and others to impeach Hou Gongjing for misleading the country. Hou Ke was stripped of his post and soon imprisoned. This was Hou Ke's first imprisonment for seven years.
The combed silver was given by a friend, but it also sowed a curse for Hou Fangyu. The person who gave the silver was ruan Dacheng, and the reason why he gave Hou Fangyu a favor was to alleviate his contradictions with the Donglin Party through Hou Fangyu. Ruan Dacheng lived in Nanjing, talked about the sword, contacted all parties, and hoped to make a comeback. In the twelfth year of Chongzhen (1639), Chen Zhenhui and Wu Yingji jointly drafted the declaration to expel Ruan Dacheng, "Leaving the Capital to Prevent Chaos and Public Disclosure". The public unveiling was signed by Gu Gao [gǎo], the grandson of Donglin founder Gu Xiancheng, and Huang Zongxi, with a total of 140 people. Ruan Dacheng hid outside the city to Niushou Mountain under the guidance of thousands of people, and did not dare to enter the city. Hou Fangyu had always hated Ruan Dacheng's character and adulterous deeds, and had applauded the verbal criticism of Donglin Party member Chen Zhenhui and others, but now he had unconsciously used Ruan Dacheng's money, how could he not make him sick! He decided to return the money to Nguyen Da Cheng in order to cut off the bad intentions of the adulterer, but he had no way to raise the money. Li Xiangjun sensed his thoughts, strongly supported his ideas, sold the jewelry, took out his savings, and scraped together enough money. Hou Fangyu was deeply moved by Li Xiangjun's knowledge and reasoning. In his biography of Li Ji, written for Li Xiangjun, there is this section:
Li Xiang told Hou Sheng privately: I grew up following my adoptive mother to meet Chen Zhenhuijun of Yixing, and he was of high moral character. I also heard that Wu Yingjijun was even more iron-boned. Now that they are very friendly with you, how can you turn your back on these relatives and friends for the sake of Ruan Dacheng! Moreover, Gongzi, you are from a family and are quite prestigious, how can you make friends with Ruan Dacheng! Gongzi has read through ten thousand books of poetry, will your insight be inferior to that of a woman and a Taoist family like me?
Hou Fangyu returned the silver raised to Ruan Dacheng, and Ruan Sui held a grudge!
In July, Hou Fangyu entered the examination, he was supposed to be the third person in the middle, but because the words about the internal ministers in the strategy were too fierce, they pointed directly at the emperor, and the main test dared to take him. The main examiner said, "If you put this life in this life, you will be saved." When Hou Fangyu left Nanjing, Li Xiangjun set up a banquet at Taoyedu and specially sang a song "Pipa Record". Li Xiangjun said: "Gongzi's talent and reputation and the words of the article are very beautiful, and they are on par with Cai Yongzhonglang. Although Cai Yong's learning was not bad, it was difficult to make up for the shortcomings in his character. The story described in the "Pipa Book" today is certainly false, but Cai Yong once personally attached dong Zhuo, but it cannot be erased. Gongzi's bold and uninhibited nature, coupled with the frustration of the field, from now on, the date of meeting is really difficult to predict, I hope you can always love yourself, don't forget the "Pipa" I sang for you! I will never sing it again. ”
After Hou Fangyu left Nanjing, Tian Yang, the former governor of Huaiyang, offered three hundred yuan [huán] (one hammer equals six two) gold and invited Li Xiangjun to meet, but Li Xiangjun categorically refused. Tian Yang became angry and embarrassed, so he deliberately created many rumors to maliciously slander Li Xiangjun. Li Xiang sighed and said, "Is there any difference between Tian Yang and Ruan Dacheng?" What have I admired in the past? And now, if I go to an appointment for the sake of greed for money, it is because I have betrayed Hou Gongzi! Li Xiangjun finally refused to meet Tian Yang.
Tian Yang, the establishment of the Southern Ming Hongguang regime, Liu Kongzhao appointed Tian Yang, excluded Shi Kefa, served as the right attendant of the military department, the deputy capital Yushi, the governor CaoYun, and the inspector of Huaiyang. Soon after, he was promoted to shangshu of the military department and was responsible for the task of garrisoning the Huai River. Shi Kefa was besieged, and Tian Yang supported 8,000 soldiers who did not dare to save him. Yangzhou fell and abandoned Huai'an into the sea. The Hongguang regime collapsed, and Tian Yang and Shen Tingyang supported the establishment of the Yiyang King Zhu Dynasty. In the first year of Longwu (1645), Tongzhou, Rugao, and Haimen were recovered. King Lu supervised the country and was summoned as a scholar of Dongge University. His troops plundered everywhere and competed with Zheng Zunqian for military pay. In the second year of Longwu (1646), Fenghai Zhongbo. In April of the first year of the Yong calendar (1647), Tian Yang surrendered with 3,000 people, and was soon killed by the Qing army (referring to the ancient army's behavior of fighting a war, killing the enemy army and then piling up the corpses).
After Hou Fangyu returned to his hometown of Guidefu, he presented himself as a Gaoyang drunkard, and together with Wu Boyi, Wu Boyin, and Xu Zuolin held up social affairs, drank and wrote poems, felt angry about the current politics, and was proud of the township. In the summer of the fourteenth year of Chongzhen (1641), his grandfather Hou Zhipu died of illness, and Hou Ke was released from prison with a crime due to the death of his father, and Ding Worried about his home. In the autumn, Hou Fangyu was ordered by his father to go to Jiangnan Jiande to beg Ming to be in the former Punishment Department Shangshu Zheng Sanjun. In the spring of the fifteenth year of Chongzhen (1642), Hou Ke returned to the Beijing Prison. On March 27, Li Zicheng's peasant army broke through and returned to Germany. He escaped from his brother Hou Fangyan and his family, Ding, and later attacked the banner of the rebel army, entering and leaving the city to save his relatives in the city. Hou Fangyu was spared. However, his grandmother Tian Shi,the third uncle Hou Shu (忭氏), the fourth uncle Hou Shu (侯許), and his wife Zhu Shi (朱氏) and his fifth uncle Hou Shu (侯ঙ) were killed. From his grandfather Hou Zhizhong and from his uncles Hou Xin, Hou Heng, Hou Brown, Hou Yi, Hou Tian, Hou Yi, and his brothers Hou Fangzhen, Hou Fangbi, Hou Fangjian, Hou Fangdu, Hou Fanglai, and nephew Hou Zizhi [suō], all died in the war. Members Wu Boyi, Wu Boyin, Xu Zuolin, Zhang Wei, and Liu Boyu were also killed. Hundreds of articles published by Hou Fangyu and The West Garden Hanmo were burned by the flames. Hou Fangyu crossed the Yellow River with his family to avoid chaos in southern Cao. Soon, Hou Fangyu moved to Nanjing.
In June, Hou Ke was released from prison, and with the military affairs of the seven towns of Baoding, Shandong, Hebei, and Hubei, he was relieved of the siege as the military governor of Baoding, Shandong, Hebei, and Hubei. Hou Fangyu returned from Nanjing to Henan with his father's army. At the Northern Chen Bridge in Kaifeng, Hou Ke summoned the generals to a meeting, some of which arrived and some of whom did not arrive. Hou Fangyu offered his father Hou Gong a plan: "Now that the sword has been given for a long time, I am willing to break the grammar." The decision to establish the country is based on the military law, and things are done with prestige. Ordering Inspector Yang Wenyue of Baoding and Governor Wang Yongji of Shandong to lead his division to strangle the Yellow River so that Li Zicheng could not cross north; Ma Shiying, the Fuchen of Fengyang, and Shi Kefa, the fuchen of Huaixu, led his division to strangle Jianghuai and curb Li Zicheng's southern charge; the Governor of Shaanxi, Sun Chuanting, stopped Li Zicheng from returning to the road; his father went to Zuo Liangyu's army to encourage his generals to send troops and join forces with Sun Chuanting, so that Li Zicheng was attacked on his stomach and back. Advance, do not pull out; retreat, have no basis. With millions of people encroaching on the uninhabited land of the Central Plains for thousands of miles, within a year, internal changes will be done, and great achievements can be achieved. Hou Ke was frightened by what Hou Fangyu said, and reprimanded: "So I am the first to stumble." The boy is too much to say, and it is not appropriate to be in the army. So he drove Hou Fangyu away. At the end of winter, Hou Ke dismissed the official for not immediately saving him. Hou Ke bought a boat and went south to take refuge in Yangzhou. Hou Fangyu and his brother Hou Fangxia moved to Jiaxing with their families. Hou Fangyu also lived in Nanjing.
In the spring of the sixteenth year of Chongzhen (1643), Zuo Liangyu avoided Li Zicheng's army, supported 200,000 troops from Wuchang to the east of Jiujiang, the army ran out of food, and wanted to eat in Nanjing, and the southern capital was greatly shaken. Shangshu Xiong of the Nanjing Army met Hou Fangyu and Zuo Liangyu and asked Hou Fangyu to go to Zuo Liangyu to stop it. Hou Fangyu thought that it was impossible, and still wrote a letter under the guise of his father's name to send someone to Zuo Liangyujun. Zuo Liangyu had to write a book to stop his army.
Hou Ke was Zuo Liangyu's mentor, and one year Hou Ke and You Shiwei were on patrol when they caught fire in Huanghua Town. Rocket artillery, all exploded. Hou Ke was seriously injured, lying in bed for a long time and unable to get up, and asked for the dismissal of the official. The Chongzhen Emperor said: "The border is under martial law, and changzhen urgently needs to be prepared." "Order him to rest and recuperate, and not to resign." In the winter of the following year, Hou Ke accepted Zuo Liangyu as a miscellaneous servant in front of the tent. On the winter solstice, hundreds of officials of the civil and military forces worship the imperial tomb. After the banquet, Zuo Liangyu was so drunk that he lost four golden wine glasses. Zuo Liangyu asked Hou Ke to punish him for his crimes, but Hou Ke not only failed to punish him, but also promoted him to the rank of general. In September of the fourth year of Chongzhen (1631), Hou Ke promoted Zuo Liangyu to vice admiral and put him in charge. Later, Zuo Liangyu repeatedly made military achievements and became the Grand Marshal of the Leading Army. Zuo Liangyu, in order to repay Hou Gong's old favor, crossed Shangqiu three times, and Qiu did not commit any crimes, and personally came to the Hou Mansion to kowtow to Hou Ke's father to greet Him.
Therefore, Ruan Dacheng took the opportunity to frame Hou Fangyu. Hou Fangyu later wrote "The Book of Jin Ling Ri and Ruan Guanglu" that rebuked Ruan Dacheng, so he took his wife and children to Live in Yixing and lived according to Chen Zhenhui. He is often read with Chen Zhenhui in the Chen clan 'Wen Xing Zhai'. In the summer of the same year, his father-in-law Chang Weihan was buried, and Hou Fangyu returned to his hometown to write the "Ming DongPingzhou Taishou Chang Cemetery Inscription" for his father-in-law. In August, Hou Ke was arrested and imprisoned. Brother Hou Fangxia went to Beijing to rescue his father, and Hou Fangyu was entered by Wu Into Yue, and the province was close to Jiaxing. In the same year, Hou Fangyu's wife Chang Shi gave birth to a daughter in Yixing.
On March 19, the seventeenth year of Chongzhen (1644), Li Zicheng destroyed the city of Beijing. In May, Qing soldiers entered Beijing. On May 10, Zhu Yousong [sōng] (?) –1646) after fleeing from Luoyang, he ascended the throne in Nanjing, with the title of Hongguang (弘光), a minor court of the Southern Ming Dynasty. Ruan Dacheng was reused by Ma Shiying. After Ruan Dacheng became an official as a jinshi, he first relied on the Donglin Party, then on Wei Zhongxian, and Chongzhen Chao was dismissed for the crime of rebellion. In the Southern Ming court of The Fu King Zhu Yousong, he was promoted to Bingbu Shangshu, Right Vice Du Yushi, and Dongge University Scholar. Taking revenge on Donglin and fushe, the city of Nanjing fell to the Qing after the fall, and then fell ill and died on the stone road with the Qing army attacking Xianxia Pass. The legends he has composed are "Spring Lantern Riddle", "Swallow Note", "Double Gold List" and "MuniHe", collectively known as the "Four Kinds of Stone Nests".
In the autumn, Ma Shiying and Ruan Dacheng retaliated against Donglin and Fushe and arrested Hou Fangyu's father and son, and Hou Ke fled to Huizhou. In September, Hou Fangyu infiltrated Nanjing, when Ruan Dacheng Daxing was imprisoned by the Communists, arrested the sons of the Restoration Society, and created the "Eighteen Arhats" and "Seventy-two King Kongs" in a vain attempt to wipe out dissidents. Wu Ciwei fled Nanjing because Mei Huilian, a Jinyi guard, had reported in advance. Hou Fangyu sent to Yanziji, and there is a poem "Yanziji Sends Wu Ciwei". Ruan Dacheng recaptured Hou Fangyu, and Hou Fangyu avoided practicing state affairs and hid in the wall to avoid it. Betrothed to Lian Zhenji, the young son of the State Affairs Department. Fleeing Nanjing, Lian Zhenji bid farewell with wine, Hou Fangyu generously sang a song of sorrow, and after getting drunk, he left a poem to say goodbye, so he went into exile in Wuyue. In the winter of October, the Qing Dynasty Zufu Lin was located in Beijing (the early years of Shunzhi), and the order of Duoduo passed through the south of the river. At this time, Nanming ruled "from the prison of thieves", imitating the Tang system of the sixth class, and Hou Ke was listed as the fourth class. During this period, Liu Zeqing went to court many times and asked Hou Fangyu's father and son to be strictly arrested. Hou Fangyu went into exile in Zhejiang. In December, Nguyễn Đồng ordered Ti to ride down Wu Yue to capture Hou Fangyu. Hou Fangyu hid in the shogunate of Inspector Zhang Fengxiang. Soon after, he went to Yangzhou to join Shi Kefa. Hou Fangyu of shi kefa was the supervisor of Gao Jie's army, and he marched north from Gao Jie's army to the central plains.
Hou Fangyu and Li Xiangjun's poignant love
In the first month of the second year of Qing Shunzhi (1645), Hou Fangyu was stationed in Guide with Gao Jie's army. Gao Jie did not listen to Hou Fangyu's advice. On the night of the eleventh day, Gao Jie was killed by Xu Dingguo. After Hou Fangyu returned to his hometown, he soon went to Huizhou Province to visit his wife and children. Wang Yushi was ordered to pursue Hou Fangyu. Hou Fangyu was arrested at Chen Zhenhui's house. At this time, Hou Fangyu's wife Chang Shi and Lady Chen made a marriage contract with wine, and took the three-year-old wife Chen Zhenhui's second-year-old and four-son Chen Zongshi. Hou Fangyu was escorted to Nanjing. On the ninth day of April, Hou Fangyu was released from prison, surrendered to Yangzhou, and entered the Shogunate of Shi Kefa. Shi Kefa saw that Yangzhou was no longer possible, and urged Hou Fangyu to leave Yangzhou to escape to Huizhou. On April 24, the Qing army broke Yangzhou, Shi Kefa died, and the Qing soldiers slaughtered the city for ten days. In May, Xingping Bo Liu Zeqing surrendered to Qing, Jia Kaizong resigned his army and returned to hiding, and Hou Fangyu also crossed the river and re-entered Nanjing. Xingping surrendered to Hou Fangyu and asked him to be appointed as a Qing official, but Hou Fangyu insisted on resigning. In June, Hou Fangyu went to Taizhou. In July, he lived with Wang Xiangye, the superintendent of Xingping, and the communist alliance did not surrender.
It was the autumn of that year, and Hou Fangyu went to Nanjing. In September, seeing that there was no hope for the Ming Dynasty to recover, he had the idea of returning to his hometown. Hou Fangyu was looking for Li Xiangjun in Nanjing's Qixia Mountain when he was at this time. On October 1st of winter, Hou Fangyu left for his hometown. After returning to his hometown, Hou Fangyu lived in the Village West Caotang of his hometown southwest of Shangqiu City (present-day Yuandian Township, Guocun Township), sent his family to Jiangnan to listen to the news, and sent a poem to Chen Zilong.
In the spring of the third year of Qing Shunzhi (1646), Emperor Zhu Yujian (1602-1646), the Emperor of the Southern Ming Dynasty, sent his generals to part ways, with Zheng Hongkui as the grand marshal, out of eastern Zhejiang, and Zheng Cai as the deputy marshal to Jiangnan. Both out of customs, not ok. Few were paid back. In the summer of the same year, Hou Fangyu received news from the south and angrily composed a poem "Qianhu Xing". In May, Hou Ke returned from Jiangnan to his hometown and built the South Garden, and Hou Fangyu lived with his father in the South Garden.
In the spring of the seventh year of Shunzhi (1650), Zhang Cunren, the governor of the three provinces, visited Hou's father and son in the South Garden, and Hou Fangyu wrote The Ten Proposals for The Suppression of Chen. At the beginning of August, The Inspector of Henan, Wu Jingdao, knew that Hou Fangyu was "arrogant", and participated in the military of the Hongguang general with cloth clothes, and ruled Hou Fangyu and Hou Ke in the case. Song Quan, a scholar of the National Academy of History who was deposed at home, mediated with Wu Daojing: "Do you know that Tang has Li Taibai and Song has Su Dongpohu?" Hou Sheng, now Li and Su Ye. Jingdao laughed and stopped. There is a commander Hou Fangyu who should be henan township test fang xie, in the middle of the deputy list. In the autumn, Hou Fangyu and Jia Kaizong, Xu Zuosu, Xu Lintang, Xu Shichen, and Song Ji [luò] rebuilt the old Xueyuan Society.
In the summer of the ninth year of Shunzhi (1652), Hou Fangyu built a hall of repentance and wrote about it. In the autumn, Hou Fangyu further sorted out and bound the ancient words and named them "Zhuang Regret Hall Anthology". In September, Xu Zuosu prefaced it. After the collection of essays, the poems were further sorted out, and the "Jinzhai Poetry Collection" when he was a teenager was re-deleted, and 43 poems were stored and compiled into 1 volume. The poems after the twelfth year of Chongzhen (1639) were compiled into 3 volumes, a total of 4 volumes, entitled "Four Yitang Poetry Collection" and Fu Zi. Hou Fangyu's composition is recorded, and Jia Kaizong and Song Jie are in the preface. At the end of September, Hou Fangyu took the "Collection of Zhuang Regret Hall" and the "Collection of Poems of the Four Memories Hall" to Jiangnan. Make a short stay in Nanjing, then to Zhenjiang, and then to Jiangyin. In Jiangyin, he met Ma Guozhu, the governor of Jiangnan, and recommended the Jiangnan literati to inform him, and the first to be named Wu Weiye (Zimeicun) was published. Hou Fangyu had sent a letter to persuade Wu Weiye to finally hide. After Hou Fangyu's death, Wu Weiye wrote in the poem "Huaigu and Hanging Hou Chaozong": Chaozong, "Yishu can not be hidden in the end, Yu is forced by the world, and there is a promise of guilt." His poems include "Heluo wind and dust are dim, and the heart of the hundred years is Xiang Yimen." Qi Pour City Hero collects the strange use and instigates Gong'e to repay the old favor. It is common to see the clothes called the guest, and several people cut their necks to send Wang Sun. Death and life will eventually bear Hou Yinnuo, and want to drop pepper pulp and tears. ”
Hou Fangyu's trip to Jiangnan this time was mainly to visit Chen Zhenhui in Yixing. Therefore, he spent the longest time in Yixing and created the most poems. In addition, he has also visited Suzhou, Jiaxing, Jintan, Changzhou and other places. At the end of the year, I returned to the house and repented of my life. In the autumn of the eleventh year of Shunzhi (1654), Hou Fangyu was seriously ill, and Youji still forced him to take the exam. Hou Fangyu died of illness on December 13, and his Chinese New Year's Eve seven years old. Ten years later, he was buried on September 18, 1663, the second year of the Kangxi Dynasty (1663), in the South Garden of the Hou Clan in the South Of Shangqiu City. Hou Fangyu married the third daughter of Taishou Chang Weihan of Dongping Prefecture and had two sons and a daughter, the eldest son Hou Xiao and the second son Hou Jiao. According to the marriage contract, the daughter married Chen Zongshi, the fourth son of Chen Zhenhui.
According to Hou's descendants, Li Xiangjun once gave birth to a son for Hou Fangyu, but because of his low status, he followed his mother's surname and failed to enter the Hou Family Tree.
The "Draft History of the Qing Dynasty" is based on Fang Yizhi, Chen Zhenhui, and Mao Xiang as "the biography of the Relics", praised as "the great festival is awe-inspiring, the foot wind is hereafter", "the shouzhi is unyielding, although the body is hidden but the heart is not dead". And Hou Fangyu should take the Henan Township Examination because of the eighth year of Shunzhi, and the world often accused him of being late and not ending. In order to shape the image of Li Xiangjun in "Peach Blossom Fan", Kong Shangren fictionalized important plots such as splashing fans, dyeing fans, scolding feasts, and entering the palace, changing Hou Fangyu's two dynasties to renunciation, covering up Hou Fangyu's behavior, but summarizing the universal path of some scholars in the late Ming and early Qing dynasties.