As a native of Zhuzhou, Hunan Province, when I wandered several times in front of the old Qiu Jin Former Residence under the Jiuqi Mountain in Zhuzhou, the "Huaiting Garden", lingering among the green bricks and green tiles, staring at the heroic old photos of Qiu Jin on the wall of the exhibition hall, although I usually knew something about her deeds of fighting the sword, my heart was still shocked again and again.
On the eve of the founding of the Republic of China, there were many people who threw their heads and spilled blood in spite of themselves! However, with bow shoes and small feet, the body of a daughter, he crossed the ocean, sought the idea of equal rights for men and women, explored ways to awaken the spiritual consciousness of 20,000 female compatriots, connected to the triad, the Guangfu Society, and the Alliance Association, and then organized an armed uprising, and finally in the autumn morning of the "autumn wind and autumn rain sadness", Qiu Jin was a person who generously died for the revolution and bravely became righteous.
Qiu Jin once sighed in the words: "The body cannot be, the male column, the heart is better than the male child"; he once said in the poem: "Buy a treasure knife at all costs, and the mink qiu is also proud to exchange wine." He once said in his letter: "Since Gengzi, I have disregarded my life, that is, I have died without success, and I have no regrets." "We read his poems, look at his deeds, and want to see him as a human being, Qiu Jin, who is a daughter, is really a great husband who sacrificed his life for righteousness and regarded death as a homecoming!"
"Huaiting" was built by Qiu Jin's father Wang Dichen (襄潭县) near The Xiatian property of Jiulang Mountain (xiangtan county before liberation), and was called "Wang Family House" at that time. After the fourth eldest son, Wang Zifang, married Qiu Jin, Wang Yanchen donated this three-in-two-story villa with more than 100 large and small rooms to the newlyweds, and Qiu Jin changed its name to "Huaiting".
If we take the common feelings of people, the combination of Qiu Jin and Wang Zifang, although it is not a perfect match for Wenjun and a beautiful talent, can also be regarded as a door-to-door pair, and the two are willing. The abundance of life allows Qiu Jin not to worry about food and clothing and has more time to indulge in hobbies such as poetry, composition, horseback riding, fencing, etc., and has more energy to travel with xiangzhong ladies and children to communicate and sing, usually marry and teach their children, and enjoy the poetic and picturesque years.
Qiu Jin, who was a new wife and a mother of people, lived in Xiangzhong in general: marriage, childbirth, poetry, and social travel, if there were no "bad relations" with her husband Wang Zifang later, and a series of changes, she would have been in Xiangtan, a place where Wang Minyun, Yang Du, Qi Baishi and other famous people gathered in the cultural gathering place to recite poetry, work tirelessly, with Qiu Jin's talent and insight, or there would be more Qili poems left in the name, and even a "modern Li Qingzhao" reputation is not known.
But then the situation was that after eight years of relatively peaceful married life, a fierce conflict occurred between the husband and wife in a short period of time, and Qiu Jin had the regret of being "the king of heaven and earth", and in a letter to his brother, he accused her husband: "He is rude and real, and his conscience is lost, and his intentions are straight to put his sister to death"; he also said: "No faith, no friendship, prostitution, gambling, harm to others and self-interest"; and also said: "The people of Zifang, the behavior is not as good as the beast, the person is unscrupulous, and the person is unscrupulous, so why not do this!" "And so on.
From Qiu Jin's "accusations," we seem to see the image of a "cunning man" who does not learn any tricks and gambles freely, a "rich second generation" who sits on the mountain and eats the sky, and a "negative person" who is thin-hearted and widowed.
Is Wang Zifang really so unbearable? To this end, I buried my head in the "old paper pile" and "new paper pile" for several months, and after climbing from the thick books and old chapters of the new books, I looked up sharply and found that Wang Zifang, who was a graduate of Yuelu Academy and the head of the household department, and whose family and the Xiangxiang Zeng Guofan clan were both close neighbors and family friends, was an unusually silent existence in modern history, and his person not only did not have any broken sentences and fragments, but even the correspondence was not left with three words or two words, and some were only comments from relatives and friends.
It is these "comments" that Zi Fang's impression in the minds of relatives and friends is very different from what Qiu Jin said, such as Qiu Jin's pro-Weng Zhang Yiliu commented on Zi Fang in "The Combined Biography of Mr. Zi Fang and His Wife": "The body is clean, the face is white, and there is the reputation of a good prince." Reading is good at enlightenment, not impatient with chanting. The composition is written to the effect that he does not like to temper"; his daughter Wang Canzhi said in the book "The Biography of the Qiu Jin Revolution" that her father was "born with handsome eyebrows, dashing and flowing, and quite famous." From this, it can be seen that Wang Zifang is not only beautiful in appearance, but also has a literary name, not a cloudy smell. So, is Wang Zifang a "Dancing Prince" or an "unscrupulous Prince"?
<h1 class="pgc-h-arrow-right" data-track="143" > Xiangzhong Lang marries a Yuezhong daughter</h1>
"Wang Huangchen Feng weng, born in the hometown of Wenzheng, started his family as a businessman, accumulated huge sums of money, and was strong in Xiangtan."
This sentence comes from the late Qing Dynasty scholar Luo Zhengjun's "Shangxiangcheng Nanwang Clan Four Cultivation Genealogy • Queen Mother Qu Lady Six Rank Shou Sequence", which contains a lot of information about the Wang Zifang family.
"Shangxiang" is Xiangxiang County, the seat of the Wang Zifang family. "Lady Qu" refers to Wang Zifang's mother Qu Shi, "Wang Dichen" means Wang Zifang's father, and "Wenzheng" refers to Zeng Guofan. This sentence is to say that Wang Zifang's father was a native of Xiangxiang, and he was in the same place as Zeng Guofan, and later moved to Xiangtan to make a fortune in business, accumulating wealth and wealth in Xiangtan.
If we comb through and combine other contents in the "Family Tree", we can outline the general development of the Wang family.
Wang Baotian's grandfather, Wang Baotian, lived in Shenchong, Xiangxiang County (now part of Shuangfeng County), less than two kilometers away from the "White Jade Hall" of Zeng Guofan's family, and was a close neighbor or relative- Zeng Guofan's eldest sister married Wang Baotian's uncle. Later, Wang Zifang's family moved to Xiangtan, and they still had human relations with the grandchildren of Zeng Guofan and poetry, and the origin was here.
Wang Baotian first started with "steaming wine and grinding tofu", and later made a fortune in fish salt groceries and medicinal materials, and his signature "Wang Daxing" gradually became famous. During the light years of the Qing Dynasty, business was booming, so Wang Baotian moved his shop to Xiangtan County, a hundred miles away from his home, and got involved in paper marketing in order to achieve greater development.
The Wang family really became the giant of Xiangtan in the hands of Wang Zifang's father, Wang Dichen. According to the "Genealogy", Wang Baotian died in 1892, and the eldest son, Yi Chen, died early in 1874. Since then, the second elder has taken over the baton of the family business and further expanded to the qianzhuang, pawnshop and other industries. Due to the proper operation, the business is very prosperous, and the semicolon has been opened to Changsha, Hankou and other places. In the city, the money house, the pawnshop Rob, the countryside is a good land, Wang Dichen became a huge rich man in Xiangzhong for a while, and people gave him the nickname "Wang Shiwan".
The Wang family moved to Xiangtan, the business was booming, and the Zeng family had a good family, these reasons were intertwined and superimposed, and "no coincidence was not a book" contributed to the marriage of Xiangxiang Prince Fang and Shaoxing Qiujin. The Wang family and the Zeng family were friends, and the distant Shaoxing Qiu family also had friendship with the Zeng family, qiu Jin's father Qiu Shounan because he had contacts with Zeng Guangjun, the grandson of Zeng Guofan, Zeng Guangquan's brothers in the same dynasty, Zeng Guangjun said in the "Sequel to the Poetry of the Ring Heaven Room • And Qiu Xuanqing's Ink and Preface":
"Xuan Qing (Qiu Jin Zi) is the daughter of Mr. Xinghou (Qiu Shou Nan), so he treats the Yu brothers as a father... Xuan Qing presented at most the remaining poems, none of which were written in the previous works. ”
Qiu Jin honored the Zeng brothers as her father as a virtuous niece, and the letters were returned and the poems were listened to frequently.
The combination of Qiu Jin and Wang Zifang is also because it is the eunuch of her father. We say that Qiu Jin is a Shaoxing native, in fact, her time in Shaoxing is extremely limited, from birth to marriage, she spent most of her time with her grandfather and father to travel around the eunuchs, because her grandfather and father have been officials in Fujian and Hunan for many years, and later for Hunan daughter-in-law, so she lived in Fujian and Hunan for a long time, far longer than Shaoxing, Zhejiang.
In 1877, Qiu Jin was born in his grandfather Renshou. At that time, his grandfather Qiu Jiahe dragged his family to serve as an official in Xiamen, Yunxiao in southern Fujian, and Taiwan, where the province had not yet been established, and successively held the posts of Zhi County and Zhi Prefecture. His father Qiu ShouNan had already been raised, and he was not a candidate, and he accompanied his wife Shan Shi and his eldest son Zong Zhang.
According to Guo Yanli's compilation of the "Annals of Qiu Jin", Qiu Jin lived with her grandfather and father in various parts of Fujian from birth to fourteen years old, returned to Shaoxing for two years at the age of fourteen, followed her father to Taiwan at the age of sixteen, and went to Xiangxiang from Taiwan at the age of seventeen, and lived in Hunan for most of the time thereafter.
If Zhejiang is Qiu Jin's first hometown, then Fujian and Hunan can be called her second hometown, which can be described as "born in Fujian and grew up in Xiang". In particular, Hunan is deeply branded, and his friend Tao Zaidong said in "Qiu Jin's Testament":
"Although the lady (Qiu Jin) is from Zhejiang, she grew up in Hunan with eunuchs, and her accent habits are pure hunan people."
Hunan is also a place where Qiu Jin's thought is maturing. At that time, foreign enemies invaded, the country was weakened and the people were in decline, and a large number of Hunan benevolent people and heroes stepped forward, some stirring up the writing and prescribing strategies; some went to the soup to fight the fire and wake up the world to dedicate themselves. This high passion and spirit of sacrifice deeply infected the young Qiu Jin, and played a nourishing and inspiring role in the formation of her revolutionary thought and national spirit, so that she was infected with the blood of Hunan people.
His father's career initially benefited from the help of Shao Youlian, a minister of the late Qing Dynasty. Shao Youlian and Qiu Jiahe were in the same hometown and the same department, both township friendship and annual friendship, and once they were superiors and subordinates between Fujian and Taiwan, and in the era of extremely heavy "Domain" and "Portal", this was better emotional capital than money. In 1891, Shao Youlian was appointed as the inspector of Taiwan, so he summoned the "Nian family son" Qiu Shounan to his shogunate and served as the inspector of copywriting. Subsequently, Shao Youlian was transferred to the post of Governor of Hunan, and Qiu Shounan was also distributed to Hunan to fill the vacancies, and was appointed as the general office of the Changde Lijin Bureau (similar to the later Tax Bureau). In the winter of 1893, the seventeen-year-old Qiu Jin followed her father into Hunan and began a new life in Hunan.
Qiu Jin was carefully cultivated by her grandfather and father from an early age, especially under the temptation of Shan Shi, the mother of "Loving Mother and Teacher Bao" (Qiu ZongZhang), for more than ten years, she has been familiar with Du Shi Han and the history of the Qianshu class, while studying books, while giving poems to fill in the words, at the age of thirteen or fourteen, her poems have been "beautiful and can be recited".
In 1894, Qiu Shounan was transferred to Xiangtan Lijin Bureau as the general office, and on the occasion of leaving Chang, Qiu Jin had a poem "Feeling Fu in changde boat":
A hundred feelings out of Jiangcheng, who can be and Wang Lun?
Amorous is not as affectionate as the willow on the embankment, just like sending people away!
Expressed from the poem, it can be seen that Qiu Jin likes to make friends, and it can also be seen that fu poetry has become an important activity of her boudoir life, and it is nothing more than poetry to leave the sorrow, dan twilight moan Oh there are many good poems!
Xiangtan Mountain is connected to Hengyue, water is connected to Xiaoxiang, 100,000 industrial and commercial enterprises, and large jia gather, as an important commercial port in Hunan, it is a blessed land for merchants and a fertile land for officials. For the merchants, this general office of the Lijin Bureau, which involves their vital interests, has arrived, and since it has rushed to tell each other and rushed to meet them first, before January, they know the situation of the Qiu General Office's family, especially "the Autumn family has a female first growth", poetry and song can be endowed, and the character and appearance are good, not to mention the young woman who is in the middle of the word, and the young age of the female university to marry? Therefore, not only are there many "helpers" under the general office, but there are even more people who are worried about the marriage of Miss Qianjin.
The rich merchant Wang Dichen of Xiangtan may not have been the first to find out the news, but he was the most enthusiastic person after learning that the daughter of the Qiu family was twenty years old, waiting for the word to be in the middle of the boudoir, and "rich in beauty and beauty", because his most beloved young son, Fang, was eighteen years old, and he happened to be short of people. The male eldest should be married, and the woman should be married, so Wang Huangchen "moved the great god" and asked Zeng Guangjun and Li Runsheng, a squire in Xiangtan, to make a cut, and finally "three books and six ceremonies" won the top spot.
Wang Zifang, zi tingjun. Qiu Jin, formerly known as Yu Jin ,Zi Xuan Qing,Bei Jian Hu Female Hero, changed her name to Jin after studying in Japan, and the character Jingxiong.
In 1896, "April Day on Earth", miscellaneous peanut trees, grass long warblers flying, Wang Zifang and Qiu Yujin held a grand wedding ceremony at the Wang Family Mansion at No. 13 Yi Lane, Xiangtan Eighteenth General ("Total" is the name of xiangtan County's town block), merchants and gentry flocked to the city, the county sheriff's desk came at the rate, the door was like a city, and the cars and horses were noisy. The wedding was not only lively, but also cost tens of thousands of dollars, Zeng Guangjun later recalled: "Xuan Qing was newly married, with more than 100,000 yuan in makeup, Chiguan Jiatan Prefecture", a good century wedding.
<h1 class="pgc-h-arrow-right" data-track="251" > second, the husband recently learned foreign languages</h1>
Qiu Jin, who was born in a family of official eunuchs, before joining the women's movement and revolution, like many women of his contemporaries, wrapped her small feet, learned female red, and received the "three from four virtues" education that countless people were accustomed to. She kept the orders of her parents and the words of the matchmaker, and married a strange man who had never met before, never knew the appearance, talent, habits, personality, and qualities. Zi fang later donated to the official household department, successively served as the chief, and during the period of the eunuch YuJingshi, Qiu Jin was also awarded the title of "Lady of the Commandment", and was given a bead hat and a beaded flower. According to the existing texts, Qiu Jin did not explicitly express disgust, opposition or rejection of these at the beginning.
For a long period of time from the cardamom years to the beginning of the woman, although Qiu Jin was talented and had a bold personality, there was no obvious deviance in words or words and deeds, and basically followed the system and norms of the time. In the second year after marriage, Qiu Jin and Zi Fang gave birth to a son, named Yuande. In the sixth year, he gave birth to a daughter, Canzhi.
During this time, Qiu Jin's life was calm, rich and comfortable, with a husband and son, filial piety and respect for her in-laws, and concentrated a lot of time on making friends with literary poets and poets, studying poetry techniques, especially with the descendants of the Zeng clan and the xiangzhong ladies. Qiu Jin honored the Zeng brothers as his father, and later worshiped Zeng Guangjun as his teacher to learn poetry.
The people who interacted with Qiu Jin, especially the Zeng brothers, were not just officials of the dynasty. For example, Zeng Guangjun, who was a jinshi and a hanlin, joined the new party and participated in the restoration; such as Zeng Guangquan, who traveled around the world and was proficient in many Chinese, successively served as diplomats of the two countries and the English translator and editor of the "Current Affairs Newspaper". Their advanced ideas nourished Qiu Jin's heart like spring rain, broadened her horizons, and refreshed her concepts. In addition, Qiu Jin entered Xiang for several years, coinciding with Chen Baozhen, who was called "a heavy minister of the New Deal" by the Guangxu Emperor, acting as the governor of Hunan, opening a school of current affairs, advocating new studies, and promoting change, and the atmosphere in Hunan was one of the new, which also caused great touch and influence on Qiu Jin's thinking.
Regardless of learning, insight, talent, and communication, Qiu Jin is far better than Zifang. At this time, Wang Zifang had a kind of admiration for Qiu Jin, the root of his attitude, the size of his age, the amount of knowledge, the breadth of his vision, and the level of insight, and Zifang's ardent desire to shorten and flatten this distance can be described as a day.
On the one hand, this hope is manifested in Zifang's enthusiasm for Qiu Jin's mother's family affairs, as long as there is an opportunity, she will mobilize her own money, connections, and resources to promote it, and obtain Qiu Jin's approval by satisfying Qiu Jin's family. Although the Qiu Jin family has been descending from the high ancestors for four generations, they have not learned enough to raise people, they cannot be counties and prefectures, and their families are not poor, nor are they rich, and they are only subsistence. Qiu Jin has four brothers and sisters, brother Yuzhang, sister Yuheng, and brother Zongzhang.
In the winter of 1901, Qiu Shounan, then the prefect of Guiyang, Hunan, died in office, and the Yuzhang brothers helped the coffin to return to the north and were buried in Xiangtan. After that, the Qiu family lived in Xiangtan. At that time, Yuzhang was twenty-eight years old and unemployed; Zongzhang was only five years old. With the death of his grandfather and father, the Qiu family had no livelihood for a while, and they saw that they were poor. To this end, the Wang family and the Qiu family partnered to open the "Heji Qianzhuang" in Xiangtan Thirteenth General. Qianzhuang was the bank at that time, which was based on strong funds, although later "Heji Qianzhuang" collapsed due to improper employment, but the initial huge investment, if there is no Zifang's full support, and the Wang family's strong capital as a backing, I am afraid it will be difficult to implement.
On the other hand, this hope is manifested in Zifang's desire to achieve a match with Qiu Jin by improving her social status. This should have been his original motivation for deciding to go north to the Beijing Division to donate officials. Of course, it is natural that there are also the hopes of parents to hope that Jackie Chan and Qiu Jin "hope that They will become dragons".
In the early summer of 1902, Zifang, accompanied by his mothers Qu Shi and Qiu Jin, took zi yuande to Beijing to donate officials. To go to Beijing, Xiangtan must cross the Dongting, enter the Yangtze River, turn to Shanghai, and go around Tianjin, thousands of miles away, both land and water, boats and cars, and have a lot of hardships in the wind and rain.
Of course, the donor officials did not hand over the silver money in one hand, and the letter of appointment in the other hand, they had to check first and then check, wait for the official to be issued, the family of four stayed in Beijing for more than half a year, the Qu family did not obey the northern water and soil, Qiu Jin was worried about the little girl Canzhi who had just passed the age of one, Zifang could not, had to escort them south to Xiangxiang, and then went to Beijing alone to wait for the news.
After returning to Xiangxiang, seeing the back of her husband hurrying north, Qiu Jin suddenly developed a pity and attachment to this "big boy" that she had never had before, and a song "Farewell" was born:
The willow branches are thick, and it can be divided into this tall building!
Twelve clouds are stacked, and three thousand water flows freely.
It is inevitable that there will be love smoke trees, and there will be no way to leave flowers and flowers.
Send Jun nanpu to the soul of the place, a night of east wind to promote the passenger boat.
A good sentence "it is inevitable that there is affection"! Who said that Zi Fang had little affection for Qiu Jin? Who said that Qiu Jin was ruthless to Zifang? This poem that sent Wang Zifang to Beijing is a reflection and silhouette of the original life and feelings of their husband and wife. Why? With Qiu Jin's wisdom, intelligence, courage, and fierce temperament, if Wang Zifang was really just a poor-minded and stubborn "rich second generation", she would never have such a love affair in him, nor would she be able to write such a lingering love poem. Through the poem, we seem to see a thoughtful, gentle and elegant image of "Dancing Prince", which may be the true appearance of Wang Zifang.
It was precisely because the two were in love that when they finally completed the "donation" in Beijing and received the news that they had been assigned the post of head of the household department, Wang Zifang rushed south and returned to Xiangtan to pick up Qiu Jin to go to Beijing. Zi Fang's concern and attachment to Qiu Jin are vividly reflected in the long journey from south to north.
When she first arrived in Beijing, Zifang was as attached to Qiu Jin as always, thinking about her everywhere, looking at her everywhere, and especially hoping to improve herself ideologically to achieve the beauty of "women singing and husbands following" and driving side by side. And this, Qiu Jin dot in the eyes, drip in the heart, deeply felt, so when she first arrived in the Beijing Division, she had the words "Husband and wife have also learned foreign languages recently" in the "Zhiqin Documents".
Looking at this tone, it is clear that it is a kind of complacency at seeing hope, and a feeling of happiness that cannot be concealed.
<h1 class="pgc-h-arrow-right" data-track="252" > three, the cloud woman is not a hero</h1>
Qiu Jin was awe-inspiring and generous and sad all her life, and when she was a teenager, she liked the "Legend of the Rangers" and "The Legend of the Assassins" in the "History", and especially admired Jing Ke's heroic spirit and spirit of seeing death as a homecoming. After practicing horseback riding and fencing, good swords like other ladies are good at piano and chess, and the dreams of heroes are born. In Qiu Jin's poems, there are also very few Qingqing I chant, mostly swords, sword algae chants, shangwu renxia, arrogant.
However, what really made her germinate to find ideas and remedies to enhance women's status and change the country was the change during Zifang's appointment as an official in Beijing and Qiu Jin's "small stay in Beijing". It can be said that life in Kyoto completely changed her.
After settling down in Beijing, Qiu Jin made friends with a large number of Hunan and Zhejiang officials and new figures in Beijing, and also made some female relatives, such as Wu Zhiying, the wife of Wang Zifang's superior, and Lü Bicheng, the female editor of the Ta Kung Pao.
Wu Zhiying, a native of Tongcheng, Anhui, works calligraphy, is good at poetry, has a profound family study, emancipates her mind, and has a great influence in the female circles of Beijing. His uncle Wu Rulun was a late writer of the Tongcheng school and was then the chief teacher of the Beijing Normal University. His husband, Lian Quan, was then Tobe Langzhong.
Thanks to the communication of her colleagues and relatives, Qiu Jin was able to get to know this famous lady in Beijing. Qiu and Wu are equally talented, have similar knowledge, live day and night, and have a great sense of seeing each other and hating the evening. In 1904, the twenty-eight-year-old Qiu Jin and the thirty-eight-year-old Wu Zhiying exchanged Lan Genealogy, righteously married Jinlan, and worshiped as sisters. There is a sentence in Qiu Jin's poem "Gifting Sister Wu Zhiying": "Zhilan smells of heart and heart, and Jin Shi is silently harmonious." "It can be seen that the sisterhood is deep.
Through Wu Zhiying, Qiu Jin made extensive friends with celebrities and toshishi, and also came into contact with more famous people in Beijing and even international friends, such as Hattori Fushiko, the wife of Hattori Unoyoshi, who was a Japanese teacher at Kyoshi University at the time. Qiu Jin also participated in the "Women's Talk Meeting" and the "Women's Foot Binding Meeting" initiated by Wu Zhiying. Don't look at this kind of "women's" gathering, according to Hattori In 1951, 44 years later, when talking about her first participation in the "Women's Talk" activity, she said that not only was there a large number of participants, but even "many men", most of whom were insightful people with new ideas and new concepts. Among the women, there were southern noble ladies who took a lotus step, there was the wife of a northern official wearing high-soled shoes and big fat pants, not only Princess Su's sister Lady Bao, but also the wife of the Japanese minister Uchida.
At the second "women's talk meeting", Fanzi met Qiu Jin and was surprised by Qiu Jin's female dress as a man - duck tongue hat, old suit, thin cane, green tie, and asked the reason in person, Qiu Jin replied: "I want to look like a man first, and then become a man psychologically." "Clothing is the externalization of thought, changing the dress first, the purpose is to change the psychology, this is a way for Qiu Jin to explore the equal rights of men and women."
In Wu Zhiying's "Little Wanliu Hall", Qiu Jin read a large number of progressive books and newspapers, and paid more attention to major national events, especially the defeat of Jia Wu, the indemnity of Gengzi, and the humiliation of the country twice, which aroused the indignation of many righteous people, although Qiu Jin was a woman.
In the more than two years of entering Beijing, Qiu Jin talked freely, exchanged words, frequently participated in various social activities, the contact surface was abrupt and open, the people in contact were renewed, the eyes were dazzling, the mind could be described as changing with each passing day, plus the hands could not be released, the mouth was incessant, the personality was unique, the talent was overflowing, and soon became a strange scenery in the capital.
The most direct reflection of Qiu Jin's daily changes in life is that her complaints and dissatisfaction with Zifang are not only becoming more and more frequent, but also becoming more and more acute. Tao Zaidong said in "Qiu Jin's Testament":
"Zi Fang is a beautiful and fengyi, a beautiful and beautiful prince, Gu was out of school at an early age, and this is the most painful thing for Lady (Qiu Jin). Wu Zhiying of Tongcheng in the middle of the exchange, and Lian Huiqing (Quan) and the two of them are very strong, and every word they say, to the point of tears..."
The so-called "falling out of school at an early age" does not mean that Zifang really "dropped out of school" from an early age, and he is afraid that he will not be born into this family of rich merchants, not to mention that he is still a graduate of Yuelu Academy, a higher education institution in Hunan. It should be said that Zi Fang's study is not solid, and the foundation is not solid, resulting in the hopelessness of the way to the imperial examination. But in ancient times, every ten thousand to take one, like crossing a single wooden bridge, ten years of cold window empty-handed returning as many as cattle feathers, not to mention a "boy gong" is not solid enough rich children?
However, from Tao Zaidong's remarks, it can also be seen that Qiu Jin's complaint about Zifang was initially "poor Xie Daoyun, who did not marry Bao to join the army", lamenting that the marriage was unfortunate and the bandit he married. However, Tao Zaidong therefore asserted: "(Qiu Jin) has embarked on the road of revolution, because of the regret of Wang Lang of heaven and earth", and taking the discord between husband and wife as the fundamental reason for Qiu Jin to embark on the revolutionary road is a far-fetched "acquaintance". Otherwise, how to explain that when the "husband-in-law" has a change of "recently learning foreign languages", Qiu Jin can't hide the joy in her heart?
It should be said that the root cause of the "evil" between husband and wife lies in the difference in concepts, one person travels thousands of miles a day, and although one person has the intention to follow, he is limited by slightly inferior talent and reality, which eventually leads to the distance between the two people's thinking becoming farther and farther, and the contradiction in concepts is getting deeper and deeper.
During his stay in Beijing, Qiu Jin was thirsty for knowledge, visited famous Confucians, celebrities, and celebrities in Beijing, drew on the way to absorb new knowledge, left early and returned late, and could not take care of her husband, nor her children, nor did she take care of housework. In "Remembering Lady Qiu Jin", Fanzi recorded what she saw when visiting Qiu Jin's home: "Books and clothes are placed haphazardly on the shelves. The peels and peels of melon seeds and fruit seeds sprinkled in the corners of the house emit a strange smell, and they are not very clean. ”
Government affairs had to be handled, officialdom had to be made, shops had to be managed (at that time, the Wang family opened a large shop outside the front gate of Beijing), and children had to be taken care of. Zi Fang is a man, a man under the "Three Principles and Five Constants" system, who can take his wife's opinion as the main opinion everywhere and take his wife's requirements as a requirement, which is already rare and precious, but if you expect him to be tolerant enough to allow him to oppose the system on which he depends for his own life, and to identify with and support all of Qiu Jin's words and deeds from the bottom of his heart, speaking in terms of the era and identity to which Zi Fang belongs, it is quite unrealistic. Therefore, Zifang is intertwined in the contradictions and dilemmas of Gangchang ethics, rushing left and right, inside and outside, how difficult!
However, the relationship between Qiu Jin and Zi Fang is no longer just a husband and wife contradiction, and the gap between the two people's thinking has been judged like a cloud of mud, not like the earth. Qiu Jin, who was usually extremely disgusted with the so-called "husband as wife" unequal system between men and women, after being absorbed in Beijing, seemed to have found the ideal appearance of the status of men and women in her mind, and verbally wrote that words such as "equal rights" and "liberation" began to appear frequently, and even Hattori From the open world thought that she "had dangerous thoughts."
During this period, Qiu Jin also created a large number of poems, such as "Man Jiang Hong", "Sword Song", "BMW Song", etc., from "Jiang Manhong • Small Residence Jinghua" "body can not be, male children column, heart is better than, male children split", to "Treasure Sword Song" "cast a thousand handles of the sword, clarify Shenzhou", Qiu Jin's proposition, has been from women's equal rights slowly to violent revolution, there is a desire to clarify the world.
Therefore, Qiu Jin made up her mind to study in Japan and seek revolutionary truth.
In 1904, Fumiko prepared to return to Japan to visit her relatives. In the months before the departure, Qiu Jin repeatedly came to the door to plead with him, but all of them were politely refused. Qiu Jin also asked "Sister Meng" Wu Zhiying to intercede, but was still refused. In January before the departure, her husband Zifang personally came to the door, and Fanzi thought that he had come to prevent his wife from studying abroad, but this "little husband" said eagerly:
"Madam, my wife very much wants to go to Japan, I can't stop it, if Madame doesn't agree to take her to Japan, she doesn't know how to suffer me, although she left two young children, I still ask you to take her!" Study abroad, sightseeing..." (Hattori Shigeko, "Memories of Ms. Qiujin")
What a reasonable man, what an understanding confidant, what a tolerant and considerate husband!
Seeing a man pleading so humbly for his wife, Fanzi finally agreed to take Qiu Jin to Japan to help her complete her long-cherished wish to study abroad. At the end of April of the lunar calendar, Qiu Jin and Fanzi took a train from Beijing to Tianjin, and Wang Zifang escorted them all the way to Jinmen. On May 15, Qiu Jin bid farewell to her husband and boarded the German ship "Independence". On the occasion of parting, Zi Fang's face was sad, and her hair was dancing in the wind, but he still tirelessly told Qiu Jin to take care of herself all the way, and remembered the letter after arriving in Japan...
Qiu Jin carried a piece of luggage and several fragments of books, and took the "Independence" to Kobe via Incheon and Busan, and then transferred to Tokyo by train.
On the "Independence", Qiu Jin was given a poem "Japanese Ishii Junsuo and Instant Rhyme" by the Japanese Suo poem:
The woman in the clouds is not a hero, and wanli rides the wind alone to the east.
Poetry sails the sea and the sky, and the dream soul mishima moon is exquisite.
The copper camel has fallen into sorrow and looked back, and the sweat horse was finally ashamed of its failure.
If Xu is sad and the country hates, then the guests spend the spring breeze.
At the time of the country's peril, a delicate woman crossed the sea to a foreign country to find the idea of serving the country and the good recipe for national liberation, and she was really a heroic master among women, and she really had the heroic spirit of "the wind is cold and the water is cold, and the hero will not return once he is gone"! What does it have to do with family? What does it have to do with Zifang?
<h1 class="pgc-h-arrow-right" data-track="253" >4. The revolution began in the family</h1>
Since Qiu Jin became righteous, there have been many people who regard her negative words as Zi Fang's character and coffin. From the historical drama "The Biography of Qiu Jin" created by Xia Yan in 1936, to the film "Qiu Jin" directed by Metabolism Jin in the 1980s, and the TV series "Qiu Jin" made by Hong Kong Wireless, Wang Zifang has appeared in the image of "Qiu Jin" who eats, drinks and has fun, and the image of "Flower Heart Boy" who is thin and widowed, calling the bureau, holding the drama, begging for concubines, eating flower wine, all of which are not sticky. It is difficult to say that this kind of character design was not influenced by Qiu Jin's "comment" on her husband's words, and those theories that "marriage misfortune is the reason for Qiu Jin's dedication to the Chinese revolution" were not the products of this influence.
Zhuang Zi said: "I have heard of the gentlemen of China, who know the righteousness of etiquette and are ugly in the hearts of the people." The human heart is changeable, fickle, and changing, and change is conditional, motivated, and processed, and it is not innate or instantaneous. Before "sacrificing her life for righteousness", Qiu Jin was also the wife of a husband and a mother of two children, and at that time, it was not surprising that she was the caretaker of the growth of her children and the enjoyer of the joy of heaven.
Life in Beijing changed her, and studying in Japan pushed this change to the extreme, such as phoenix nirvana, reborn. At this time, Zifang was still that Zifang, but Qiu Jin was no longer the original Qiu Jin.
During her study abroad, Qiu Jin wrote several letters to her brother Yuzhang, one of which was the aforementioned "Zifang's people, behaving like animals and beasts..." Zifang was reprimanded indiscriminately. There are three core points in the letter: first, Qiu Jin intends to sell bead hats and beads to cover tuition fees, but Zi Fang did not allow it; second, Yu Zhang sent money to Qiu Jin, mistakenly sending Zi Fang, thinking that Zi Fang wanted to "intercept this silver"; third, "wen early to marry a woman", thinking that Zi Fang's concubine would marry another woman.
To say that what really makes Qiu Jin feel uneasy and indignant, the third point is the key. What could be more painful and infuriating for a woman with the idea of "equality between men and women" than for her husband to take a concubine?
However, in the end, the trip to Japan gave Qiu Jin the joy and pride of bathing in new ideas and moving towards new ideals, she "bundled up her light travels, went out of the secret boudoir, rode on a happy steamboat, and sucked in the air of freedom", that kind of joyful yearning, so that she was nearly thirty years old like a horse out of reins, like a fish into the sea, like a caged bird, like a winged eagle, a long song and a proud roar, a high-flying cloud, and a great pleasure of "haohao like Feng Fei Yufeng".
Qiu Jin first studied at the Japanese Language Training Institute, and then entered the Aoyama Practical Girls' School to study teacher training. At that time, there were thousands of Chinese students studying in Japan, and the Qing court set up a special study tour supervision office at the embassy in Japan, which was obviously a helper and secretly to prevent blockades; in particular, when Russia pressed forward step by step on our three eastern provinces, arousing the anger of the students, the Qing court clamped them down and put on the hat of "patriotism, but in fact revolution.", the students had no way to serve the country, and they were also persecuted, and finally came to the conclusion that "if you want to strengthen China, you must start from the beginning of the line.", Qiu Jin was even more eager to change the ignorant and backward motherland, and joined the patriotic torrent of the students studying in Japan with the greatest enthusiasm.
Qiu Jin successively became acquainted with Huang Xing, Song Jiaoren, Liu Daoyi, Chen Shufen, Chen Yi, Gong Baoquan, Tao Chengzhang and others. In addition to his heavy study, he actively organized and participated in the equal rights and patriotic movements for men and women, initiated the "Common Love Association" with Chen Yufen, joined the "Triad" of Feng Freedom, served as the president of the "Speech Practice Meeting", founded the "Vernacular Newspaper", published "Tribute to 20,000 Female Compatriots in China" and "Tribute to My Compatriots" and other articles, striving for women's liberation, and declaring war on feudal despotism.
In February and March 1905, Qiu Jin briefly returned to China and became acquainted with Cai Yuanpei, Xu Xilin and others. In mid-June, he crossed east again and joined the Guangfu Society and the League successively. At the end of the year, Chen Tianhua wrote a desperate letter, committed suicide by throwing herself into the sea, and repaid the country with her death, qiu Jin was greatly stimulated, believing that it would be useless to continue to stay in Japan, so she returned to China, and with a resolute and resolute attitude, began her vigorous revolutionary career.
In 1907, after Sun Yat-sen failed to lead the "Huanggang Uprising" and then Xu Xilin failed to organize the "Anqing Uprising", Qiu Jin, who was preparing for the uprising under the cover of the Shaoxing Datong Academy, was arrested on the afternoon of June 4 for being implicated. The day before, Qiu Jin had received news that the Qing army would round up her in the future, and her comrade-in-arms Wang Jinfa persuaded her to leave, but Qiu Jin refused. When the Qing army arrived, the students persuaded her to flee through the back door, but she still refused, so she was arrested. Qiu Jin, who said, "Rather destroy the jade for Lan than be Xiao Shi Ai Rong", seemed to be calmly waiting for this moment.
In the early morning of June 6, after Qiu Jin left seven words "autumn wind and autumn rain are sad and sad", he was heroic and righteous, and he was only thirty-one years old.
On this day, Yuande and Canzhi lost their mother, Zifang lost his wife, and China lost one of her best daughters.
Behind every hero's death, there will be reasons and personnel to promote his success, some are reverse obstruction, some are silent support, and some are helpless to wait and see. Through Qiu Jin's undulating revolutionary process, we can see Zifang's attitude as a husband - the latter two are both.
Judging from Zi fang's previous performance, he was not only not a hindrance who made Qiu Jin feel pain, but a devotee who silently supported her with love in the midst of obscure pain and contradictions, sometimes in a dilemma, sometimes half dependent. Later, when Qiu Jin openly opposed the system and participated in the overthrow of the regime that Zifang had entrusted with her future, ideals, and wealth, he felt extremely difficult to accept in his heart and had to force him to turn back by cutting off his economy (this is also the point that Qiu Jin complained most about Zifang among his relatives and friends). And when Qiu Jin was desperate like a gust of wind, moving forward, Zi Fang felt that there was no place to put her beak anymore, so she had no choice but to give up - alone to Yu, and to whom?
However, from beginning to end, Zifang was on watch, did not divorce Qiu Jin, and did not take concubines, but formed a kind of implicit support.
And this "hidden support" is love.
It can even be said that the more Qiu Jin's responsibility is cut, the deeper Zi Fang's love is.
Whether it is when marrying into the Wang family, or when she enters Beijing and stays in the ocean, Qiu Jin is more mature than Zifang, and she also has more family and country feelings, her talent is higher than That of Zifang, and her communication in Rulin Xuehai is wider than that of Zifang.
Qiu Jin has been doing a "heroic dream" of a crowd of people who vibrate her arms and echoes, she admires Xu Xilin, worships Chen Tianhua, and imitates Tan Sitong, so she has the grudge of "poor Xie Daoyun, not marrying Bao to join the army". However, although Zifang is not "Bao joined the army", Qiu Jin is "Xie Daoyun", and in the face of the wife of "Wing Chun Talent", Zifang is both respectful and loves and afraid, but "love" is particularly deep.
It is precisely because of Zifang's love that Qiu Jin can freely and freely carry out literary creation after marriage, and she can repeatedly comply with the talents and revolutionaries in the world without restraint, leaving her children and families to pursue her ideals without worries. However, when Zi Fang was worried and hesitant to ask For Qiu Jin to study abroad, the obstacles he had to overcome psychologically, the gaps in human ethics, traditions, and norms, and the social and family pressures that he had to resist were beyond the comprehension of the people at the time and the tolerance of ordinary people. Zifang's courage to overcome all difficulties and maintain his wife along the way is supported by this deep love. It can be seen that Wang Zifang is not only not a "turbid prince" who is spurned by others, but a "good prince" who is responsible, loves his wife, is good at concealment and forbearance, and can be tolerated.
Qiu Jin embarked on the revolutionary road for many reasons, but "marriage" was not the main cause in any way. Those who played a decisive role include her innate temperament endowment, the education she received, the turbulent climate of the times, and her expanding horizons and the national humiliations that have repeatedly disappointed her.
At the same time, Qiu Jin's ancestral home was hired to marry Xiang for Yue, and Yue was "the country of revenge and shame", and Xiang was "the land of courage and courage", under the influence of this complex background and the situation of the times, he was able to add sword qi to the sword qi, casting Qiu Jin's jealous and evil character, patriotic and patriotic feelings, the responsibility of saving the country and trying to survive, and the courage to go to difficulties for the country. These factors, inside and out, come together like a bundle of high explosives, waiting for only a lit lead.
Marriage is not the main cause of the revolution, so why did she blame Zifang so much in her letter to her brother? Two sentences: posture determines language, direction determines the road. It is also understandable that the rebels who have copied the gangsters and rebels against the tyranny of the powerful have occasionally exaggerated and exaggerated their words in order to gather their strength. Qiu Jin is an explorer and forerunner on the road from semi-colonial and semi-feudal society to national independence in China, a strivers and devotees in the process of the development of traditional China to modern China, and a heroine in modern history who "cannot have one, it is difficult to have two".
On the surface, Qiu Jin is chivalrous and brave, but there are indeed many barriers to be broken at the psychological level. The Eastern Jin Dynasty Huan Wen marched through the Three Gorges, the cliffs were hanging in the sky, and the waves were rapid, but there was a sigh of "being a loyal subject, not a filial piety". At that time, Qiu Jin encountered a similar "dilemma"--he was a revolutionary aspirant, and he could not be a good wife and mother. Qiu Jin chose the former and had to abandon the latter, which is why she said to Wu Zhiying: "Today's Zhishi Changyan revolution, I say that the revolution should start from the family." In the last period of suddenness and idleness, Qiu Jin almost completely abandoned her family for the country, and she and Zifang were also like strangers.
However, although Qiu Jin was disdainful of Zi Fang's words, she studied in Japan and resolutely removed the glaring "闺" character in her name and changed "Qiu Jin" to "Qiu Jin", but among friends and in the letter, she still called herself "Wang Qiu Jin". From the eight or nine letters that Qiu Jin wrote to her brother Yuzhang about Zifang, we can still see that she corresponded with Zifang before returning to China. Moreover, on the eve of the death, when Li Zhongyue of Shanyin County asked Qiu Jin about Qiu Jin's last wish, she calmly listed three items, the first of which was "to allow him to write a family letter." The object of this "farewell", in addition to mother and brother and children, should also include this husband who once brought her the pleasure of "husband and wife who has recently learned foreign languages", right?
In the summer of 1909, only two years after Qiu Jin's death, Wang Zifang passed away at the age of thirty-one. It can be imagined that Qiu Jin was heroic and righteous, and how heavy the blow to Zifang was. This kind of blow is not only the fear of the wife for the revolutionaries, the spiritual erosion of the long-term deep love and resistance to the barrier of the thousand jun, but more than that, the pain of losing his wife, excessive grief, because of the shock, "the illness has been prolonged for two years, and it cannot be stopped."
Of course, regarding Qiu Jin's attitude toward the family and Zifang, there is also the saying that "(Qiu Jin) was afraid of even the family after he was determined to revolution, so he had the act of breaking away from the family, which was to cover up the eyes and ears of the people." If this is the case, then Qiu Jin has secretly and warmly protected her family and relatives in the process of revolution, then the so-called "revolution should start from the family" is, in the final analysis, just a pretentious gesture.
In the history of China, no woman like Qiu Jin was able to break with feudal etiquette and feudal families so quickly, and no woman like Qiu Jin was so bold and resolute to go to the raging fire of revolution, so she became the "first woman among women to sacrifice her head for the revolution" in modern history.
A few months before his arrest, Qiu Jin and his friend Xu Zihua met to "bury their bones in Xiling", and Qiu Jin burned himself in a way to awaken the awakening of the nation and arouse the people's fighting spirit. How similar is her death aspirations to the martyrs of Tan Sitong, Chen Tianhua, and Xu Xilin!
Qiu Jin did not sacrifice in vain, and the red blood, the tragic last words, such as the fluttering flag and the beating of the war drums, aroused the sleeping people and aroused the people's resistance. As a fellow of Shaoxing and a resident of Japan at the same time, Lu Xun has always been known as "female hero" as Qiu Jin. After returning to Shaoxing after studying abroad, he went to Qiu Jin's grave several times to hang himself, and he could not be calmed down for a long time. In 1919, Lu Xun used the pen and ink dipped in pathos to create the novel "Medicine" based on Qiu Jin, which expressed his deep mourning and admiration for Qiu Jin in a unique way. Therefore, the grave of the protagonist Xia Yu is like "a circle of red and white flowers, surrounding the sharp round top of the grave" - it can be called another kind of sad and indignant "cry"!
Only four years after Qiu Jin dedicated her life to the revolution, the sound of a gunshot in Wuhan caused the feudal autocratic fortress that had lasted for more than two thousand years to collapse, the revolution was successful, and the imperial system ended. If the decadent Qing Dynasty was eventually buried in the raging flames of the revolution, then the original spark was ignited by the revolutionaries of Qiu Jin's generation at the cost of their lives and blood.
End of full text.
(Author: Yan Jianhuai)
Then, regarding the things that Qiu Jin and Wang Zifang said before and after their deaths, the facts and views described by the author above may be inaccurate and inappropriate, and everyone is welcome to discuss, criticize, and advise, thank you!