There has always been an idea: look at the "retaining wall remains" of the gate, last winter finally completed, according to the navigation to the wavewing wall destination, but no longer know, in front of the eyes has become the "retaining wall ruins park".
This is supposed to be my second time, more than 40 years ago when I was a child, I played with my teammates, because my house is only ten minutes away from the gate. Today, I think in my memory, these "stone piers" are outside the seawall, and the feet of the stone piers are exposed on the beach at low tide; the lower half of the stone piers are in the sea water at high tide, as shown in the photo below.
Standing on the shore of the Yellow Sea, the Tonghai Reclamation Barrier Wall
However, in addition to these "stone piers", the vision is still the original appearance, but the surrounding small environment has completely changed, and now the "stone piers" are on the flat ground, but a lake has been artificially dug on the east side of the "stone piers", and the east side of the lake is a standard highway, and the east side of the highway is a tall factory building.
After returning home, I checked the information to learn that the place of the retaining wall was continuously extended to the east due to the silt, the original levee and beach had been flattened by modern reclamation, and the seawall was suddenly extended 4-5 miles to the east, and this place had become a new material park in the Lvsi Economic and Technological Development Zone.
More than 40 years of childhood I watched the "stone pier" today called "wave retaining wall", then did not understand, just to the beach to play, see this row of "stone piers", do not know what to use, the memory feels very long and imposing. Nowadays, it has become a heritage park, and the relics + culture + landscape constitute a corner scenic spot that can be seen and recalled, and Zhang Xiaoxian's reclamation cause of sweat and tears has been revived and promoted by contemporary people.
The main entrance of the Retaining Wall Ruins Park (North Gate)
Today's retaining wall is located on the west side of the north and south central river of the park, according to the information in the park: the retaining wall is 3.3 meters high and 0.7 meters thick, and the two sides of the wall are supported by slopes every few meters, with a total length of 1585 meters. Most of its western section was integrated into the stone embankment slope of the later building, and the original appearance is now preserved for about 500 meters. In 2002, it was listed as a cultural relics protection unit in Nantong. In September 2016, the park began construction, the park planning area of 735 acres, including a bronze statue of Zhang Xiao, copper relief murals, Dutch windmill towers, water corridors and other landscapes, completed and opened in December 2017.
At the site of the remains, it was seen that the retaining wall was divided into two sections from north to south, about 200 meters in the north section was prefabricated with cement piers, and about 300 meters in the south section, and one side of the pier was dented for easy insertion of wooden planks. For nearly a hundred years, the retaining wall has been washed and slapped by seawater all year round, and some of the walls have cracked and rusted and fallen stone wall panels. The retaining wall is now hidden among the reeds, and the scene of blocking the terrifying waves is no longer seen. However, after the construction of this "behemoth", the people in the reclamation area felt a sense of security.
The northern section of the retaining wall
There is an introduction in the park: "Retaining Wall" guides the life of engineer Terek, "Terek" (1890-1919) was born in Japan, originally from the Netherlands, the son of the famous water conservancy expert Negrid. After graduating from the Dutch Hydraulic Engineering College, he came to Nantong, China with his father to engage in water conservancy work. In 1916, he was invited by Zhang Jian to serve as the resident engineer of the Nantong Baoquan Association. In three years, presided over the design and construction of a large number of water conservancy projects, made great contributions to the Nantong water conservancy cause, Terek died of a public illness in 1919, was buried in the southern foothills of Jianshan Mountain, people in Nantong moat Haohe next to the bronze statue, in commemoration, the famous retaining wall was built under the guidance of Terek. ”
Dutch hydraulic engineer Trek
Retaining wall is a water conservancy project founded by Zhang Xiao to tonghai reclamation and animal husbandry company, because the reclamation of a east polder is in the northeast tide impact front, since 1901 the levee has been flooded every year, the damage to the embankment on the bank is extremely strong, such as the typhoon tide of 1902 and 1905, almost blowing the company down, the embankment is broken and dead sheep scattered, because Zhang Jian clenched his teeth and insisted on waiting, only to do the reclamation and pastoral work. So how important it is to protect the seawall.
The southern section of the retaining wall
Judging from the publications that have been published and the relevant articles on the Internet, the "Retaining Wall" is designed and directed by Trak. However, from reading the article "40 Years of Reclamation and Pastoralism in Tonghai", the design and construction contractor of the "Retaining Wall" is Yu Yuzhi. The article is based on the oral memoirs of Qiu Yunzhang, director of the Water Conservancy Department of the Tonghai Reclamation and Animal Husbandry Company, and is compiled by Yao Qian.
"Retaining Wall", is it a Terek design guide or Yu Yuzhi's design guide? In line with the study of historical materials serious and rigorous, responsible for future generations, the author went to the Nantong Library several times, especially this summer to the Qidong Library, got a female leader of the Department of Ancient Books reception, that day to the library has been 11 o'clock in the morning, only thirty minutes from the end of the work time, a turn to their off-work time to close the door, the female leader of the Ancient Books Department called me to contact, at noon let me continue to read in the library, so as not to let me stay outside the library on a hot day, which made me very moved. Urge me to be more diligent and conscientious in writing every story of reclamation and pasture, and carry forward the spirit of reclamation and pastoral of Zhang Xiao's sages. In addition to the library, Xiaobian himself also purchased a lot of books about Zhang Xiao, and he did not talk about it, and looked back at how the historical materials were written.
To confirm that the "wavewing wall" was designed by Trak or Yu Yuzhi? Look inside from the following routes:
The first should be viewed from the life or working hours node of the two engineers;
Second view from Zhang Jian's diary or talk articles;
The third is to view the accounts, statements, and minutes of board meetings of Ken pastoral Company.
Fourth, from the relevant people of the reclamation company and related reminiscence articles.
The known conditions are listed below and summarized finally.
The northern section of the retaining wall is the section of the Ken Pastoral Hero
Article 1: About Terek
1, Trek was born in Japan in the Netherlands, in April 1916 officially engaged in the work of baoquan in Nantong, in August 1919 when the construction of the Remote Lookout Port Gate was infected with the epidemic and died in the line of duty. Terek worked in Nantong for about three years and three months. In the past three years, the two major projects of tonghai reclamation pastoral area, "retaining wall" and "joint gate", have been included in the planning and design of Terek.
This is described in the books "Historical Materials of Terek and Nantong Baowan", "Exploring the Source of Zhang Xiao's Entrepreneurial Base" and "Zhang Xiao's World of Communication".
2, Yu Yuzhi is a native of The Shore Town, a construction engineer, who was about 50 years old when he built the "Wave Retaining Wall" according to Qiu Yunzhang.
Article 2: Zhang Jian talked about the diary of Tong Hai KenMu
1, in Zhang Xiao's "Self-determined Chronology of Xi Weng", it is recorded that the content of the embankment construction in the Tonghai Reclamation Area is relatively small, only to see that in October 1917, there was a "Shiken Pastoral Gate Culvert Worker", but there were many discourses about the construction of the "Hezhong Gate" in the reclamation area. (The small editor of the "United Gate" wrote another article out), that is, there is no reference to the "wave retaining wall".
Here first explain, "wave retaining wall" is the name of today's people, there is no such name in the historical data, it was called "cement embankment" in that year, in order to distinguish between "plate embankment", "stone embankment" and "earth embankment".
2, in the thirteenth year of the Republic of China (1924), Zhang Xiao's Chronicle of Reclamation and Pastoral Townships wrote that in the thirty-fourth year (1908), one and four two embankments were repaired, and the place where one of the embankments was most appropriately rushed was protected by the plate, and the lei was used as a stone, then the gate of the North River and artemisia Port, the sea of the north of the first.
The South Gate of the Retaining Wall Ruins Park
Article 3: The board meetings of the previous accounts of the Reclamation Company
1. In the 14th (1916), 15th (1917), 16th (1918) and 17th (1919) accounts of the Tonghai Reclamation and Animal Husbandry Company, no content about the "cement embankment" was found.
2, in the eighteenth (1920) appendix to the report of the sixth day of the first month of July, there is such a written record: "Unexpectedly, from July 19 to the twenty-first day, at the end of the flood, the northeast wind for several days, the tide increased sharply, the northeast corner of the first embankment rose sharply by five feet, the tide rode the wind, the waves went to the top of the embankment, the most important rush was more than sixty zhang, all the berm piles were mostly pulled up, and the berm slabs were also shaken up...
3, in the budget repair and training price table, it is recorded: A of the east plate embankment, brush injuries of three hundred zhang, breaking 45 piles; 31 vertical pile damage; loss of hoop head cross material 16; yang pine thirty zhang, chai cattle sengoku. These two paragraphs only see the pandi yang turquoise slab.
4, and in February 1941, there was a record in the "Overview of the Tonghai Reclamation and Animal Husbandry Company in the Past Four Years" that "about the embankment ... a new cement plate barge fifty-two zhang, a plate embankment four zhang, and the silver of the counting materials is 6,100 yuan." ”
5, in the 30th year of the Republic of China (1941) Tonghai Reclamation and Animal Husbandry Company project budget table, recorded that there are "plate embankment" and "cement embankment" projects. For example, the third and fourth sections of the first embankment are "plate embankments"; and the fifth and sixth sections are "cement embankments". The fifth section of the cement embankment is 43 zhang equivalent to 142 meters, and the sixth section of 105 zhang is equivalent to 346.5 meters. The fourth embankment also has a cement embankment that is 80 meters long in the fifth section, equivalent to 264 meters. ”
6. On February 5, 1941 (the tenth day of the first lunar month), Lin Huashi, manager of Tonghai Reclamation And Animal Husbandry Company, said at the beginning of the "Report on the Conference on the Construction of Seawalls by Tenants of Reclamation and Animal Husbandry" that "From the twenty-fifth year (1936) to the twenty-ninth year (1940), the total cost of repairing the seawall and building culverts and cement slab barges was 120,000 yuan. ⋯⋯”
Top view of the Retaining Wall Ruins Park
Article 4: Articles of relevant persons of Tonghai Ken Animal Husbandry Company
1, in the "Zhang Jian Hand Butterfly" found two paragraphs about the Reclamation Gate Han letter.
"Zhiyuan Old Brother: Although it is difficult to carry out the matter from Lü Sisanjia to Qintan Haiyi, it is proposed to ask the Dutch engineer to go to Lü Siyi to see it during the working hours of xiangdu shaking net gates, "Zhiyuan Xiandi Jian: I hereby invite the Dutch engineers Trake Jun and Yang Jizheng leopard spirit to set up gates in Cha Dayou Jin Shake Net Port and the Lü Si Sanjia Qin Regiment to set up sea gates, and beihe Artemisia Port to set up gates, and the brother can give detailed guidance and discuss with them...
2, (a) Qiu Yunzhang, former director of the Ministry of Water Resources of Tonghai Reclamation and Animal Husbandry Company, described the construction of cement embankments as follows: The three polders in the east, middle and west of a were built by Li Boyun, which was an earthen embankment at that time. Because there is a typhoon that has a great impact on a dike every year, it has been built and collapsed for five or six years. Later handed over to Xu Qiru, he used to use the stone dumping pile as a mud embankment, but still could not withstand the wind and waves, the stone embankment failed, and Xu was in charge for seven or eight years. Then invited Xu Yicai, the wing is still walking the same old road, the outer stone and the inner earthen embankment, obviously not OK, so after three or four years, the rear wing only uses a wooden plank embankment, wooden piles sandwiched with foreign pine boards, two inches thick and one foot wide seven or eight feet high, after the plate embankment was completed, the tide rushed to the yang pine board to break, and the project also failed. It's been a toss-up for five or six years. In the end, Qiu Yunzhang took over the wooden plank embankment and although it was partially improved, it could not withstand the tide and worked on it for four years. From 1902, when the earthen embankment began to count to the plate embankment, four supervisors took office in succession, which took more than 30 years. The construction time of the "retaining wall" given by Qiu Lao was after the death of Jiang Zhiyuan, deputy director of tonghai reclamation and animal husbandry company.
According to the 68th board meeting of Tonghai Ken Animal Husbandry Company, "Director Jiang Zhiyuan died in Shanghai (August 10, 1939)".
Gap gear in the north section of the retaining wall
(b) Then why is it not mentioned in the later narratives and accounts of the Tonghai Reclamation and Animal Husbandry Company?
Qiu said that the construction of the embankment "barrier" was jointly decided by Cheng Erzhi and Qiu Yunzhang, and because Cheng was ill, Qiu Yunzhang picked a beam, and at that time, yu Jingzhi, a director of the company, did not understand water conservancy, so there was a plan for the two.
(C) Yu Yuzhi's Nantong Xiangxing Construction Company, before and after the construction and repair of the project took a year to complete. This remark was quoted in the 39th (1940) Tonghai Reclamation Company's Statement: "The construction of the embankment is a huge project due to the spring repair project, and the autumn tide washes out the reinvention of the juggernaut, ...
(d) In the future, the four embankments of reclamation and pastoral also wanted to build a small retaining wall, and Qiu learned qiaomen in the construction of a, and as a result, the reclamation company organized forces to do it itself. This is also quoted.
(e) Before the 39th (1940) of the Tonghai Reclamation and Animal Husbandry Company, there was no such thing as a "cement embankment", which led Qiu to say that the construction of the "cement embankment" was after Jiang Dong's death (August 1939). Second, before 1939, the phrase "Bandi" appeared to varying degrees, such as the 1924 "Chronicle of Reclamation and Pastoral Township", "The Eighteenth Talk of Tonghai Reclamation and Animal Husbandry Company in 1920", "The Price Table of Repair and Training in the Budget", "The Overview of the Tonghai Reclamation and Animal Husbandry Company in February 1941", and the "1941 Project Budget Table of the Tonghai Reclamation and Animal Husbandry Company".
(f) On the contrary, the term "cement embankment" appeared after 1940, and from the information seen by the current editor, it was first seen in Lin Huashi's report on the "Conference on the Construction of Seawalls for Reclamation and Animal Husbandry" on the tenth day of the first lunar month in 1941. In 1941, there were "cement embankment" projects in the four-year overview of the Tonghai Reclamation and Animal Husbandry Company and a project budget table.
(g) Then the specific construction time of the "cement embankment" should be locked in the second half of 1939 to the end of 1940, in this time period, that is only 1940. The 39th session of the Tonghai Reclamation and Animal Husbandry Company said that "the construction of the embankment was a huge project due to the spring repair project, and the autumn tide washed away and rebuilt." Cites the time of the construction of the wall in 1940. (Qiu said that the project Xiangxing Company did not build according to our planned time, and that on September 13, a strange tide suddenly came, the wave was four or five feet high, and the cement embankment was damaged by 20 zhang at once, and then the Xiangxing Company rebuilt it.) ）
(h) In addition, Qiu said that small cement embankments were also built on the four, which was cited in the 1941 Tonghai Reclamation and Animal Husbandry Company Project Budget Table.
Recent photo of the gap in the northern section of the retaining wall
Writing this, the "retaining wall" is built by who has been revealed, if it is Designed and guided by Trek, the time should be between the second half of 1916 and the first half of 1919, even if it is delayed for a year and a half. However, the historical data can not find, if it is the construction of Trek in that year, how to come after the years of the plate embankment washed down, broken and repaired. It is a fact that the retaining wall was not designed and directed by Trak.
Terek's plan before his death was not realized, and after 20 years, it was completed by Yuyu's Nantong Xiangxing Construction Company, and Terek, an international friend under the Nine Springs, was relieved.
The completion of the "Retaining Wave Wall" is the result of decades of fighting with the sea by the vast number of herdsmen in tonghai reclamation.
The retaining wall is a wall of life and a monument of the times, which will inspire the "rural revitalization" today.