On the Internet, there was once such a passage about Lu Xun:
It is said that in 1904, Lu Xun met Qiu Jin, who had just come to study here in Japan, and after some exchanges, Lu Xun also decided to take the road of anti-Qing. To this end, he also made generous statements at rallies many times, encouraging assassinations, and soon he did receive the assassination mission.
As a result, Lu Xun retreated from the battle, and was scolded by Qiu Jin, and even at a rally in 1905, Qiu Jin sentenced Lu Xun to death for the crime of "surrendering to Manchu and selling friends for glory", and drew his sword and shouted "Thieves eat me a knife".
In 1907, Qiu Jin was killed, and more than a decade later, Lu Xun in his novel "Medicine" made a lot of irony and sarcasm against Qiu Jin, which was considered to be revenge.
So, is what this paragraph is saying, and what kind of person is the real Qiu Jin?
Yang Jiaofeng on the Late Qing Dynasty Republic of China (formerly towards the Republic) No. 110: Qiu Jin: The first person in the feminist movement, entered the League in a special capacity, and lu Xun en complained about the many opinions!
One
Every year on Women's Day, or on the festival about the commemoration of Qiu Jin, there are always a few unashamed men who jump out, or joke, or ridicule, or semi-serious messages:
"We all blame this woman, so that we can only marry one wife!"
From this point of view, these people are all people who have read books, and their cultural level is not too bad, at least they know that Qiu Jin is a woman who has contributed to women's independence.
Including Wu Zetian and Cixi, although they were once powerful, they were just traditional women, and they only emphasized power. As a modern woman, Qiu Jin advocates that women and men are equal in personality, and no longer judge high and low by gender.
However, I think that the feminist movement advocated by Qiu Jin, and the monogamy that followed, was not a deprivation of men's welfare. To some extent, it is precisely to protect the possibility of reproducing these grass people, otherwise, how to compete with the powerful, wouldn't it be impossible to marry a daughter-in-law.
Qiu Jin's origin is not grassroots, it belongs to the family of officials and eunuchs, in other words, it also belongs to the vested interests of the Qing Dynasty.
Although she was also born in Shuxiangmendi, her parents were also very open to her education, allowing her to learn cultural knowledge and also let her learn riding fencing, which can be described as both literary and martial arts.
But after all, her family has been influenced by Confucianism for many years, so Qiu Jin was also wrapped in small feet when she was a child, and when she reached the age when she should get married, she was also married by her parents.
So the 21-year-old Qiu Jin married, married Wang Tingjun, the son of the hunan giant rich Wang Dichen, who was also a door-to-door match, and Wang Dichen was related to Zeng Guofan and should belong to his cousin.
Two
The cultivation of Qiu Jin's independent personality, in addition to the improvement of her own understanding, is also inseparable from the environment and factors from her husband!
According to our current thinking, as a pioneer of feminism, Qiu Jin cannot be willing to have children at home, serve her husband, and even endure domestic violence.
But in fact, this did happen to Qiu Jin, although after giving birth to a child, Qiu Jin also complained and wrote such a poem:
"Heavy nets and heavenly luo, idle and deep boudoir."
However, he still put his husband first, and his husband sang with his wife, and at that time Wang Tingjun wanted to go further in his career, so he donated an official who was in charge of the household department. So when Qiu Jin was 25 years old, their family followed their husband to Beijing to take up a job, and even Qiu Jin was given the title of "Gongren" by the imperial court and became a veritable noble lady.
During this time in the capital, Qiu Jin was an eye-opener, after all, at this time, the capital had experienced the baptism of the foreign affairs movement and had already gone everywhere. The couple also hired a teacher to teach foreign languages at home, and took a four-wheeled foreign carriage to the theater to watch a play in their leisure time.
Unfortunately, the good times are not long, Gengzi has come, what happened in this year needless to say, in short, in order to escape the war, the husband and wife can only return to the countryside of Hunan to take refuge. The following year, their daughter was born, named Wang Canzhi, the future china's first female aviation officer.
With a daughter, Qiu Jin's ideological baggage is very heavy, it is reasonable to say that the children are complete, she should be at home to teach her husband and children, but with the next year her husband went to Beijing again, which changed.
Three
With the support of her husband and friends, Qiu Jin resolutely decided to study in Japan and became one of the first female students in China to study in Japan.
Qiu Jin, who went to Beijing again, was killed due to the gengzi state disaster, resulting in no one in the dprk, and her husband was also appointed as a waiter of the Erpin Household Department. As a result, the family began to contact more elite celebrities, and these young officials, who witnessed the cruelty of the Eight-Power Alliance, preferred to seek a way to save the country.
Over time, Qiu Jin was determined to study abroad in order to find a way to save the country, and persuaded her husband and family.
In this way, in 1904, the 29-year-old Qiu Jin went to Japan to study at his own expense, and her husband Wang Tingjun also resigned from his official position and returned to his hometown to live in seclusion, take care of the children, and wait for Qiu Jin to return:
"The people of the motherland are responsible, and I am homeless at the end of the world."
As soon as Qiu Jin arrived in Japan, like a fish swimming in the sea, she completely opened her eyes, and quickly became acquainted with Sun Yat-sen, Huang Xing, and Zhang Binglin, and became the leadership core of the Alliance.
During this period, she also founded the Vernacular Newspaper, participated in the Hongmen Heaven and Earth Society, and was named a "white paper fan", that is, a military division. Under the pseudonym of "Lady of Jianhu", she not only published articles to publicize the method of saving the country, but also published some articles promoting women's rights:
"Women are not happy, the race is not strong; feminism is not strong, and the country is bound to be weak... Women must be learned, seek self-reliance, and do not look up to men for everything. ”
Of course, during this period, she also met Lu Xun, so it will return to our topic, Lu Xun joined the association before Qiu Jin. So, why did qiu Jin dare to point at Lu Xun's nose and scold him, and cut him with a knife?
Four
The reason why I look at the example mentioned at the beginning as a paragraph is because this is a paragraph!
Of course, this paragraph is not unfounded fabrication, but has a source, or it comes from the mouth of a historical researcher, and has triggered a discussion on the Internet.
But is Lu Xun really the person they call "surrendering to the manchus and selling their friends for glory"?
First of all, it is certain that Lu Xun joined the anti-Qing camp before Qiu Jin, he went to Japan to study in 1902, joined the "Zhejiang Society" in 1903, and then joined the "Guangfu Society" in 1904.
Qiu Jin only went to Japan to study in 1904, and only joined the "GuangfuHui" in 1905, which is described in the "Tao Chengzhang Collection":
"When Jin Dongdu crossed, it was March for Kotatsu. ...... Nai fu returned to Shanghai, from Hu Xuan Shao, saw Xi Lin in the Ze sincere primary school, Xi Lin that is, Shao JieJin into the Guangfu Association, is for the June affair of Yi Mi. ”
It can be seen from this that Lu Xun definitely did not join the anti-Qing organization because of Qiu Jin, at most it was the exchange between the two people later, which further strengthened this intention.
Secondly, regarding the fact that Lu Xun retreated from the battlefield after receiving the assassination mission, this incident is not hearsay, it is out of thin air, or there is a source.
Lu Xun's student, Masuda Shi, once wrote an article on this issue, which mentioned Lu Xun's attitude toward the assassination:
"When I was engaged in the anti-Qing movement, I was ordered to assassinate. But I said that I could go or I might die, and leave my mother behind after I died, and I asked my mother what to do with it. They say it's okay to worry about things after death, you don't have to go. ”
Lu Xun's reason, clearly mentioned that he could go, was only worried about his mother, and it was not that he was greedy for life and afraid of death.
Five
So, did Qiu Jin ever scold Lu Xun because of this incident?
Qiu Jin did take out the knife from the boot barrel at a farewell party and said this:
"If someone returns to the motherland, surrenders to Manchuria, sells his friends for glory, oppresses the Han people, and eats me with a knife."
What is the premise of saying this?
It is because Japan has introduced a policy on international students, and the actual starting point is good, in order to regulate international students and prevent pheasant university from enrolling students indiscriminately. However, many international students have fried the pan, and when they hear the word "ban", they do not study its premise, but blindly criticize.
Among them was Qiu Jin, a member of the radical faction, mainly self-funded students, who advocated dropping out of school and returning to China. Sun Yat-sen, on the other hand, was worried that once this faction returned to China, after all, they would have anti-Qing ideologies and would be swept away by the Qing government, and urged them not to return to China.
In the end, Qiu Jin they still decided to return to China, there was no way, Zhejiang Overseas Students Association had to hold a send-off meeting for her, and it was this send-off meeting, Qiu Jin was passionate and said the above call.
This is the same as the other faction that chose to stay in Japan, Lu Xun, who has not yet returned to China, why should he surrender to the Qing court?
So where did Qiu Jin have the courage and boldness, or what qualifications did she have to say such a thing?
It is because Qiu Jin joined the association as the wife of a court official, and she was also a specially appointed lady of the Imperial Court. With this title, plus a woman, it not only represents the bureaucracy, but also represents half of the sky of the Qing Dynasty. Therefore, she just showed the idea of saving the country, and was immediately pulled into the association, the triad, the Restoration Society, the Alliance, etc., and quickly became the core of leadership.
That's why she dared to speak like this, because she was the leader!
Six
After returning to China, Qiu Jin not only founded the Shanghai Public School in Shanghai, but also taught at the Shaoxing Women's School, and at the same time privately discussed revolutionary matters with Xu Xilin.
Later, everyone knows, because Xu Xilin failed in the Anqing Uprising, and then someone confessed to Qiu Jin. Originally, everyone advised Qiu Jin to flee Shaoxing, but she said that "the revolution will succeed if it bleeds", and waited for the Qing army to arrest her.
In the early morning of July 15, 1907, Qiu Jin was heroic and righteous in Shaoxing, only 32 years old!
After Qiu Jin was killed, Lu Xun mentioned her several times, such as in "And His Own Collection":
I had to grit my teeth and carry the card of 'Warrior' into the room, thinking that the girl qiu jin of our hometown was killed by this kind of splitting clap. Can't I be "killed"? ”
The meaning of Lu Xun's words is that he opposes innocent sacrifices and believes that Qiu Jin was instigated to sacrifice by these people, and he is very disgusted with this kind of person who lets others sacrifice and lives behind him.
Later, after the Xinhai Revolution, Lu Xun also held a grievance for Qiu Jin, because the Republic of China began, and the informers were released instead:
"Ms. Qiu Jin, who died in informing, was temporarily called "Heroine" after the revolution, and now I don't hear anyone mention it... However, the mastermind was finally released, and it is said that because it has become the Republic of China, everyone should not repair the old grudge. ”
Then to the novel "Medicine" written by Lu Xun:
The family name of the beheaded person inside is "Xia", and the family name of the family who eats human blood steamed buns is "Hua", which actually alludes to Huaxia! The person who was beheaded was called "Yu'er", that is, Xia Yu, Zhou Yu character Gongjin, Yu and Jin both represented Meiyu, and after Xia was Qiu, which indeed referred to Qiu Jin.
This is not a satire and sarcasm of Qiu Jin, but a praise for her awe-inspiring atmosphere as a revolutionary, especially the last sentence:
"There is a circle of red and white flowers that surrounds the spiky dome."
Seven
It can be seen that Lu Xun has been thinking about her, remembering her, and even writing during his serious illness:
"Xuantingkou is not far from Shaoxing Middle School, which is where Miss Qiu Jin is righteous, they often go, but they forget."
In fact, not only Lu Xun missed Qiu Jin, but also a county order of the Qing court, perhaps because of shame, so he hanged himself:
He was the Ling of Shanyin County, Zhejiang, whose name was Li Zhongyue, who admired Qiu Jin very much and often used Qiu Jin's example to educate his children:
"To be able to poetry with a woman, to win more than the many generations!"
Unfortunately, fate is such a coincidence, it was he who was ordered to arrest Qiu Jin, and it was he who was ordered to supervise (shoot) him, and when he was dragged to the point where he could no longer delay, Li Zhongyue, who was sitting in the lobby, lamented:
"I know very well the grievances of Er, and I despise people and despise them, and they are ashamed and powerless to fulfill them, but death is not my will, and it is fortunate to forgive them."
Since it was a case personally supervised by the prefect of Shaoxing, Li Zhongyue fulfilled Qiu Jin's request not to take the head and not to pick up clothes. However, he also violated his superiors and was dismissed from his post on the charge of "sheltering female criminals", and soon after, Li Zhongyue took advantage of the lack of preparation, hanged himself, and followed Qiu Jin away.
After learning that Qiu Jin had been killed, her husband Wang Tingjun was also heartbroken, and because of this, he fell ill and followed Qiu Jin two years later.
Finally, end with the theme song in "Golden Powder Family", this song "Dark Incense", may sing the desolate beauty of Qiu Jin:
"When the petals leave the flowers, the dark incense remains, and the incense disappears after the wind and rain, and no one comes to smell ... If the heart dies in splendor, love lives forever in the ashes. Unforgettable whispering, with your smile for me..."
My name is Yang Jiaofeng, another perspective to see the late Qing Republic of China characters, Yang Jiaofeng on the late Qing Republic of China character series articles continue to update, like please pay attention to it!