Alfred · Stiglitz
A heavyweight in the history of world photography
Alfred Stieglitz (1864-1946) was a famous American photographic artist. He was a master of pictorial photography in his early years, and later became an advocate of purist photography and a pioneer of realistic photography. He advocated not using any other modeling means, but only relying on pure photographic technology to accurately and truly reproduce the original face, quality and character of the subject, which had a huge impact on the development of later photographic art, and was revered as the "father of modern photography".
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Lake George, Stiglitz, 1923
Alfred Stiglitz is a pivotal figure in the history of world photography, an all-round photographer of all genres. He changed the entire history of photography, was the pioneer of modern photography, and was hailed by later photographic artists as the "father of modern photography". His photograph in New York, titled "The Terminus," is considered to be the first photograph in the history of modern photography. Alfred. Born in Hoboken, New Jersey, Stiglitz was the eldest son of German Jewish immigrants Edward Stieglitz (1833 1909) and Hedwig Ann Werner (1845–1922). His father was a lieutenant in the Federal Army. He had five siblings, Flora (1865–1890), twin Julius (1867–1937) and Leopold (1867–1956), Agnes (1869–1952) and Selma (1871–1957). Alfred. Stiglitz saw the closeness of his twin brother and wished he had a soul mate of his own in childhood, but of course he did not fulfill this wish.
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O'Keeffe, Stiglitz, 1919
In 1871, Alfred Stiglitz attended Charlemagne College, a Christian school and the best private school in New York. Later, in order to qualify for The City College of New York, Alfred Stiglitz spent his final year of high school at a public school.
In 1881, Edward M. Stiglitz sold his company for $400,000 and moved his family to Europe over the next few years so his children could get a better education. In Europe, Alfred Stiglitz chose to study mechanical engineering at the Technische Hochschule in Berlin, and although he could become a mechanical engineer, he was not here. He took a photography course, which was taught by the scientist and researcher Herman. William. Hermann Wilhelm Vogel, not only a photographic artist, discovered in 1873 the dye that made the photosensitive emulsion sensitive to blue-green light and directed the production of the world's first "Othochromatic Plate". Here in Vogel, Alfred Stiglitz found an outlet for his growing interest in art and culture. In 1882, Alfred Stiglitz purchased his first camera and took many pictures of the German countryside. Since then, the self-taught artist has been immersed in a strong interest in photography, practicing, researching and theoretically deriving this instant photography technique. Over the next decade, Alfred. Stiglitz has published articles and photographs in some British magazines. This earned him a reputation in the Elite of European Photography.
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The Letterbox, Stiglitz, 1894
In 1890, his sister Flora died in childbirth, and Alfred Stiglitz returned to New York to reunite with his family. After returning to New York, Alfred. Stiglitz became co-editor of American Amateur Photographer, which cemented his position in the photographic world. Although Alfred Stiglitz was a master figure in the Field of American Photography, photography was not wide enough in that era, so he needed to find the best forum to show photography to the public.
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Lower Class, Stiglitz, 1892
In 1903, Alfred. In order to turn photography into an art, Stiglitz focused all his efforts on the creation of the magazine Camera Work, which is a place where photography is separated from the main body and the voice of the righteous movement. Alfred. Stiglitz said: "Do not talk about other art forms, unless photography has its own expressive possibilities, otherwise photography is only a process and not art." Separatists focus on the photographer's technical skills and creative possibilities, not just the image itself. Two years later, Alfred Stiglitz created an exhibition space called the "Small Gallery of Photographic Separation", which is Gallery 291.
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Terminus, Stiglitz, 1892
Camera Work and 291 provided a platform for artists arguing about photography and art at the time, and in the 1920s artists began to use camera lenses to present new horizons of the world. Gallery 291 came to be known as an exhibition space for avant-garde art, and it showcased the work of Alfred, Stiglitz, and other works by American and European modernists. Friends' works hang next to works by European art giants such as Picasso and Henri Matisse. Between 1908 and 1917, the works of many of Europe's greatest modernists were exhibited here, including Cézanne, Toulouse, Lautrec, Brancusi, Matisse and Braque, as well as by members of American avant-garde art, including John, Marin, Charles Shearer, Charles Demuss, Georgia O'Keefe and Ely Nadelman.
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Boy Venisher, Stiglitz, 1887
After Gallery 291 closed in 1917, Alfred. Stiglitz continues to fund exhibitions at different galleries in New York. Between 1922 and 1935, Alfred A. Stiglitz is committed to his "equivalent" series. He pointed his camera at the sky and took pictures of the clouds, hoping that these abstract images would reflect his artistic intent. In 1925, he opened the Intimate Gallery, followed by An American Place in 1929. Alfred Stiglitz served as the gallery's director until his death in 1946. The gallery features exhibitions of leading figures of American modernism. The various American artists he exhibited formed the core of American experimental art in the first half of the 20th century.
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Tot O.Giffer in Painting, Stiglitz, 1894
Alfred Stiglitz led the Painterly Movement in the United States, advocating for the artistic legitimacy of photography. Without his influence, photographers like Ansel Adams and Edward Weston would not have become household names. His own work defined the larger artistic category and set a firm aesthetic example for his contemporaries, many of whom were exhibited in Camera Work magazine. Prior to this, photography was seen as pure historical record. It was Alfred Stiglitz who single-handedly promoted photography and introduced the United States to European modernism through Gallery 291. Pablo. Pablo Picasso, Auguste Rodin, Henti Matisse and Paul Cezanne both made their debut here. Arguably, Alfred. Stiglitz laid the foundation for the later development and popularization of digital cameras.
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图| Edward Stieglitz
Wen | Cui Jiyun
The above is from the October 2021.10 issue of Travel World Magazine