With the continuous development of the meat and sheep breeding industry, the scale of breeding is constantly expanding, but the epidemic disease of sheep also tends to be serious, and the incidence rate shows an upward trend. This requires strengthening prevention in aquaculture, formulating scientific immunization procedures, and strengthening deworming work to avoid losses caused by disease.
<h1>1 Immunization program for major epidemics</h1>
1.1 Streptococcal disease The immunization of streptococcal disease is in the spring and autumn, the vaccine applied is the streptococcal goat attenuated vaccine, the immunization site is injected in the tail, the sheep under 2 years old are injected with 0.5 mL, and the dose of sheep over 2 years old is 1 mL. The immunization period is 1 month.
1.2 E. coli disease When immunizing E. coli, the injection dose for sheep under 1 year old is 2 mL, and the injection dose for lambs less than 3 months is 0.5 to 1 mL. The immunization period for the disease is 5 months, and the immunization season is spring and autumn every year. Sheep over 1 year of age have a very low incidence and can be left unvaccinated.
1.3 Pseudorabies If pseudorabies has occurred in sheep farms or surrounding farms, pseudorabies inactivated seedlings can be used for immunization, and sheep without any outbreak must not use pseudo rabies weak vaccines. The immunization dose is 5 mL, and the inoculation dose of lambs can be appropriately reduced, 3 mL is inoculated. The immunization period after vaccination is 6 months and requires 2 immunizations per year.
1.4 Ngocallus The ichthyosis vaccine is usually given on farms where the disease has already occurred. The vaccine is lyophilized seedlings, the immunization site is oral, and the dose used is 0.2 mL. The immunization period for the disease is 5 months, usually once a year in the spring and autumn.
1.5 Goat pox Goat pox is a very harmful infectious disease, the way of vaccination of this disease is intradermal vaccination, the amount of vaccination is 0.5mL. Usually under the abdomen or under the armpits, it can also be inoculated on the medial side of the tail. Immunity is developed about 1 week after vaccination, and immunity can be maintained for 1 year, and then it is vaccinated every winter every year.
1.6 Clostridium disease Clostridium disease is a type of infectious disease that endangers the sheep industry, including sheep rapid disease, sudden sheep gangrene, sheep enterotoxemia and lamb dysentery. Vaccination is usually carried out once a year in the spring and autumn, and the vaccines used are "triple seedlings" and "five-in-one vaccines". At the time of vaccination, regardless of the size of the sheep, intramuscular injection or subcutaneous injection of 1mL, 14 days after the injection to produce immunity, the immunization period is 1 year.
1.7 Infectious pleural pneumonia The infectious pleural pneumonia vaccine for infectious pleural pneumonia in sheep was adopted, and the dose of 5 mL for sheep over 6 months of age and 3 mL for lambs under 6 months of age was vaccinated. Sheep develop immunity 2 to 3 weeks after vaccination, and usually immunity can be maintained for more than 1 year after vaccination. For sheep with poor constitution or sheep with disease, try not to be immune, immunity can be away from the shoulder blades, but also can not be inoculated on the buttocks.
1.8 Foot-and-mouth disease Immunization against foot-and-mouth disease is in the spring and autumn of each year, in early March, 1 month after the ewe is lambed or 1 month after the lamb is born. Autumn vaccination is carried out before the annual ewe vaccination, around August, and needs to be vaccinated twice a year. Inoculation is carried out by subcutaneous injection at a dose of 1 mL. Sheep usually develop immunity 2 weeks after vaccination, and the immunization period after vaccination is half a year.
1.9 Peste des Petits Ruminants This disease is also vaccinated in epidemic areas or areas affected by this disease, and the vaccine used for vaccination is Ni-geria75/1 weaklyviral vaccine, which can play a good protective role for sheep after vaccination.
<h1>2 Methods of deworming of major parasites</h1>
Parasitic diseases are a common type of disease in sheep breeding, common parasites wired insects, trematodes and tapeworms.
2.1 Nematode deworming method Nematodes in the digestive tract are the most common parasitic diseases, and common nematode species are Roundworm, Schalbert nematode, Marshall nematode, etc. Tooth decay is due to the consumption of eggs in food or drinking water. The anthelmintic drugs of this type of parasite are selected for oral administration of levamisole and albendazole, and can also be injected with avermectin and ivermectin.
2.2 Trematode repellent method There are three main types of trematodes that are more harmful to sheep, namely sheep broad-plated flukes, sheep posterior plate flukes and Japanese schistosomiasis. These trematode infections are characterized by wasting and hair removal, and in severe cases anemia and chronic pancreatitis may also be seen. Such anthelmintic drugs, such as praziquantel and niclosamide, can be taken internally or as an oil for injection.
2.3 Tapeworm deworming method Tapeworm is a type of parasite that parasitizes in the small intestine, mainly Moniz tapeworm and Baymanic tapeworm. Not only is it harmful to lambs, but it also affects adult sheep. The onset is characterized by severe weight loss, anemia and diarrhea, and available deworming drugs such as niclosamide, fenbendazole, and praziquantel.
In summary, in the breeding process of sheep, immunization and deworming are indispensable disease prevention and control measures, but in immunization and deworming, we must also pay attention to the site of vaccination and the amount of vaccination, and the deworming needs to apply the corresponding deworming drugs according to different insect species, so as to achieve a good preventive effect.